Comparative Analysis of the Antibacterial Activity and HPLC Phytochemical Screening of the Brazilian Red Propolis and the Resin of Dalbergia ecastaphyllum.

The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of red propolis and resin and their association with standard antibiotics to evaluate possible differences of activity. We also submitted red propolis and the resin to a HPLC analysis to confirm the botanical origin. The extracts were tested against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus alone and in association with gentamicin and imipenem. The HPLC analysis identified seven compounds with six of them present in both substances. The lowest MIC values obtained in this study were observed against S. aureus. In general, MIC values showed to be lower for red propolis against all species tested in comparison to resin. Despite the synergistic behavior to be similar for both substances, we observed that inhibitory concentrations of drugs were lower when associated with red propolis in comparison to resin.

Ximenia americana L. enhances the antibiotic activity and inhibit the development of kinetoplastid parasites.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this work was evaluate the cytotoxic, leishmanicidal and tripanocidal activity, as well as to evaluate its antimicrobial and modulatory activity in association with different antibiotics of the hydroethanolic extract of the Ximenia Americana stem bark (EHXA). METHOD: In vitro tests against Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania sp. and citotoxicity were performed. The evaluation of the antibacterial and bacterial resistance modulatory effect was given by the microdilution method. RESULTS: The chemical profile show different classes of compounds with significant presence of quercetrin and caffeic acid. The EHXA demonstrated activity only in the concentration of 1000 µg/mL against the L. infantum and L. brasiliensis promastigotes, causing mortality percentage of 40.66 and 27.62%, respectively. The extract presented a significant toxicity only in the concentration of 1000 µg/mL, causing a mortality of 55.42% of fibroblasts. The antibacterial activity of the EHXA demonstrated a MIC value ≥1024 µg/mL against all the tested bacteria. However, in the modulation assay with EHXA in association with different antibiotics the extract had a synergistic effect against S. aureus strains when associated with norfloxacin. CONCLUSION: The results of this investigation demonstrate for the first time the chemical composition of the hydroethanolic extract of the Ximenia Americana stem bark, your potential antiparasitic and modulatory effect. The low cytotoxic and biological potential against S. aureus open therapeutic perspectives against leishmaniosis and bacterial infections.

Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L. ) Kuntze (bamburral) planta medicinal com potencial antioxidante e rica em polifenóis / Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze (pignut) a medicinal plant with antioxidant potential and abundant polyphenols

Introducción: Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze (Lamiaceae), planta conocida como bamburral, se utiliza en la medicina popular; sin embargo, poco se sabe de sus componentes químicos, sus efectos tóxicos y sus propiedades terapéuticas. Objetivo: Caracterizar los compuestos polifenólicos de los extractos de M. suaveolens, así como su actividad antioxidante y tóxica. Métodos: Se analizaron los componentes químicos de los extractos acuoso y etanólico de las hojas frescas mediante HPLC-DAD, la actividad antioxidante de los extractos en diversas concentraciones (entre 4 y 1024 µg/mL) frente al radical libre DPPH acompañado de un control positivo (ácido ascórbico) y se evaluó la actividad tóxica de los extractos contra Artemia salina. Resultados: Los resultados indican que los extractos acuoso y etanólico tienen como compuesto mayoritario el ácido cafeico (13.27 y 15.09 mg/g, respectivamente). Los extractos posee elevada actividad antioxidante con concentración de inhibición al 50 % (IC50) de 7.06 µg/mL para el extracto etanólico, 20.32 µg/mL para el acuoso y 6.69 µg/mL para el ácido ascórbico. Ninguno de los extractos presentó toxicidad con el método analizado (p> 0,05). Conclusiones: Por lo tanto, se demuestra que los extractos no presentan toxicidad, pero presentan una gran capacidad para eliminar los radicales libres en el organismo y son una fuente natural para fabricar medicamentos.

Introduction: The species Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze (Lamiaceae), commonly known as pignut, is used in folk medicine. However, little information is available about its chemical components, toxic effects and therapeutic properties. Objective: Characterize the polyphenolic compounds contained in M. suaveolens extracts, as well as their antioxidant and toxic activity. Methods: The chemical components of aqueous and ethanolic fresh leaf extracts were analyzed by HPLC-DAD. Evaluation was performed of the antioxidant activity of the extracts against DPPH free radical at various concentrations (between 4 and 1 1024 µg/ml) accompanied by a positive control (ascorbic acid), as well as their toxic activity against Artemia salina. Results: Caffeic acid is the most abundant compound in the aqueous and the ethanolic extracts (13.27 and 15.09 mg/g, respectively). The extracts display high antioxidant activity with a 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of 7.06 µg/ml for the ethanolic extract, 20.32 µg/ml for the aqueous extract and 6.69 µg/ml for ascorbic acid. Neither extract displayed toxicity by the method used (p> 0.05). Conclusions: It was found that the extracts do not display any toxicity, are capable of eliminating free radicals from the body and are a natural source of raw materials for drug manufacture.

Polyphenol Composition, Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity of Seeds from Two Underexploited Wild Licania Species: L. rigida and L. tomentosa.

Studies have shown the benefit of antioxidants in the prevention or treatment of human diseases and promoted a growing interest in new sources of plant antioxidants for pharmacological use. This study aimed to add value to two underexploited wild plant species (Licania rigida) and L. tomentosa) from Brazilian flora. Thus, the phenolic compounds profile of their seed ethanol extract and derived fractions were elucidated by HPLC, the antioxidant capacity was assessed by in vitro chemical tests and the cytotoxicity determined using the human carcinoma cell lines MCF-7 and Caco-2. Eleven phenolic compounds were identified in the extracts of each species. The extracts and fractions showed excellent antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay (SC50, ranging from 9.15 to 248.8 µg/mL). The aqueous fraction of L. rigida seeds was most effective in preventing lipid peroxidation under basal conditions (IC50 60.80 µg/mL) whereas, in the presence of stress inducer, the methanolic fraction of L. tomentosa performed best (IC50 8.55 µg/mL). None of the samples showed iron chelating capacity. Ethanolic seed extracts of both species did not reveal any cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and Caco-2 cells. Both plant species showed a promising phenolic profile with potent antioxidant capacity and deserve attention to be sustainably explored.

Biological Activities and Chemical Characterization of Cordia verbenacea DC. as Tool to Validate the Ethnobiological Usage.

Knowledge of medicinal plants is often the only therapeutic resource of many communities and ethnic groups. "Erva-baleeira", Cordia verbenacea DC., is one of the species of plants currently exploited for the purpose of producing a phytotherapeutic product extracted from its leaves. In Brazil, its major distribution is in the region of the Atlantic Forest and similar vegetation. The crude extract is utilized in popular cultures in the form of hydroalcoholic, decoctions and infusions, mainly as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents. The aim of the present study was to establish a chemical and comparative profile of the experimental antibacterial activity and resistance modifying activity with ethnopharmacological reports. Phytochemical prospecting and HPLC analysis of the extract and fractions were in agreement with the literature with regard to the presence of secondary metabolites (tannins and flavonoids). The extract and fraction tested did not show clinically relevant antibacterial activity, but a synergistic effect was observed when combined with antibiotic, potentiating the antibacterial effect of aminoglycosides. We conclude that tests of antibacterial activity and modulating the resistance presented in this work results confirm the ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological information, serving as a parameter in the search for new alternatives for the treatment of diseases.