Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 3 (LPA3): Signaling and Phosphorylation Sites.

LPA3 receptors were expressed in TREx HEK 293 cells, and their signaling and phosphorylation were studied. The agonist, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), increased intracellular calcium and ERK phosphorylation through pertussis toxin-insensitive processes. Phorbol myristate acetate, but not LPA, desensitizes LPA3-mediated calcium signaling, the agonists, and the phorbol ester-induced LPA3 internalization. Pitstop 2 (clathrin heavy chain inhibitor) markedly reduced LPA-induced receptor internalization; in contrast, phorbol ester-induced internalization was only delayed. LPA induced rapid ß-arrestin-LPA3 receptor association. The agonist and the phorbol ester-induced marked LPA3 receptor phosphorylation, and phosphorylation sites were detected using mass spectrometry. Phosphorylated residues were detected in the intracellular loop 3 (S221, T224, S225, and S229) and in the carboxyl terminus (S321, S325, S331, T333, S335, Y337, and S343). Interestingly, phosphorylation sites are within sequences predicted to constitute ß-arrestin binding sites. These data provide insight into LPA3 receptor signaling and regulation.

LPA3 Receptor Phosphorylation Sites: Roles in Signaling and Internalization.

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) type 3 (LPA3) receptor mutants were generated in which the sites detected phosphorylated were substituted by non-phosphorylatable amino acids. Substitutions were made in the intracellular loop 3 (IL3 mutant), the carboxyl terminus (Ctail), and both domains (IL3/Ctail). The wild-type (WT) receptor and the mutants were expressed in T-REx HEK293 cells, and the consequences of the substitutions were analyzed employing different functional parameters. Agonist- and LPA-mediated receptor phosphorylation was diminished in the IL3 and Ctail mutants and essentially abolished in the IL3/Ctail mutant, confirming that the main phosphorylation sites are present in both domains and their role in receptor phosphorylation eliminated by substitution and distributed in both domains. The WT and mutant receptors increased intracellular calcium and ERK 1/2 phosphorylation in response to LPA and PMA. The agonist, Ki16425, diminished baseline intracellular calcium, which suggests some receptor endogenous activity. Similarly, baseline ERK1/2 phosphorylation was diminished by Ki16425. An increase in baseline ERK phosphorylation was detected in the IL3/Ctail mutant. LPA and PMA-induced receptor interaction with ß-arrestin 2 and LPA3 internalization were severely diminished in cells expressing the mutants. Mutant-expressing cells also exhibit increased baseline proliferation and response to different stimuli, which were inhibited by the antagonist Ki16425, suggesting a role of LPA receptors in this process. Migration in response to different attractants was markedly increased in the Ctail mutant, which the Ki16425 antagonist also attenuated. Our data experimentally show that receptor phosphorylation in the distinct domains is relevant for LPA3 receptor function.

Long-term outcomes of pulmonary embolism in children and adolescents.

ABSTRACT: Knowledge regarding the long-term consequences of pulmonary embolism (PE) in children is limited. This cohort study describes the long-term outcomes of PE in children who were followed-up at a single-center institution using a local protocol that included clinical evaluation, chest imaging, echocardiography, pulmonary function tests, and cardiopulmonary exercise tests at follow-up, starting 3 to 6 months after acute PE. Children objectively diagnosed with PE at age 0 to 18 years, who had ≥6 months of follow-up were included. Study outcomes consisted of PE resolution, PE recurrence, death, and functional outcomes (dyspnea, impaired pulmonary or cardiac function, impaired aerobic capacity, and post-PE syndrome). The frequency of outcomes was compared between patients with/without underlying conditions. In total, 150 patients were included; median age at PE was 16 years (25th-75th percentile, 14-17 years); 61% had underlying conditions. PE did not resolve in 29%, recurrence happened in 9%, and death in 5%. One-third of patients had at least 1 documented abnormal functional finding at follow-up (ventilatory impairments, 31%; impaired aerobic capacity, 31%; dyspnea, 26%; and abnormal diffusing capacity of the lungs to carbon monoxide, 22%). Most abnormalities were transient. When alternative explanations for the impairments were considered, the frequency of post-PE syndrome was lower, ranging between 0.7% and 8.5%. Patients with underlying conditions had significantly higher recurrence, more pulmonary function and ventilatory impairments, and poorer exercise capacity. Exercise intolerance was, in turn, most frequently because of deconditioning than to respiratory or cardiac limitation, highlighting the importance of physical activity promotion in children with PE.

The Mexican consensus on fecal incontinence.

Fecal incontinence is the involuntary passage or the incapacity to control the release of fecal matter through the anus. It is a condition that significantly impairs quality of life in those that suffer from it, given that it affects body image, self-esteem, and interferes with everyday activities, in turn, favoring social isolation. There are no guidelines or consensus in Mexico on the topic, and so the Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología brought together a multidisciplinary group (gastroenterologists, neurogastroenterologists, and surgeons) to carry out the «Mexican consensus on fecal incontinence¼ and establish useful recommendations for the medical community. The present document presents the formulated recommendations in 35 statements. Fecal incontinence is known to be a frequent entity whose incidence increases as individuals age, but one that is under-recognized. The pathophysiology of incontinence is complex and multifactorial, and in most cases, there is more than one associated risk factor. Even though there is no diagnostic gold standard, the combination of tests that evaluate structure (endoanal ultrasound) and function (anorectal manometry) should be recommended in all cases. Treatment should also be multidisciplinary and general measures and drugs (lidamidine, loperamide) are recommended, as well as non-pharmacologic interventions, such as biofeedback therapy, in selected cases. Likewise, surgical treatment should be offered to selected patients and performed by experts.

Study of the

The ^{22}Mg(α,p)^{25}Al reaction rate has been identified as a major source of uncertainty for understanding the nucleosynthesis flow in Type-I x-ray bursts. We report a direct measurement of the energy- and angle-integrated cross sections of this reaction in a 3.3-6.9 MeV center-of-mass energy range using the MUlti-Sampling Ionization Chamber (MUSIC). The new ^{22}Mg(α,p)^{25}Al reaction rate is a factor of ∼4 higher than the previous direct measurement of this reaction within temperatures relevant for x-ray bursts, resulting in the ^{22}Mg waiting point of x-ray burst nucleosynthesis flow to be significantly bypassed via the (α,p) reaction.

Cumulative Febrile, Respiratory, and Gastrointestinal Illness Among Infants in Rural Guatemala and Association With Neurodevelopmental and Growth Outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Infectious disease exposures in early life are increasingly recognized as a risk factor for poor subsequent growth and neurodevelopment. We aimed to evaluate the association between cumulative illness with neurodevelopment and growth outcomes in a birth cohort of Guatemalan infants. METHODS: From June 2017 to July 2018, infants 0-3 months of age living in a resource-limited region of rural southwest Guatemala were enrolled and underwent weekly at-home surveillance for caregiver-reported cough, fever, and vomiting/diarrhea. They also underwent anthropometric assessments and neurodevelopmental testing with the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) at enrollment, 6 months, and 1 year. RESULTS: Of 499 enrolled infants, 430 (86.2%) completed all study procedures and were included in the analysis. At 12-15 months of age, 140 (32.6%) infants had stunting (length-for-age Z [LAZ] score < -2 SD) and 72 (16.7%) had microcephaly (occipital-frontal circumference [OFC] < -2 SD). In multivariable analysis, greater cumulative instances of reported cough illness (beta = -0.08/illness-week, P = 0.06) and febrile illness (beta = -0.36/illness-week, P < 0.001) were marginally or significantly associated with lower MSEL Early Learning Composite (ELC) Score at 12-15 months, respectively; there was no association with any illness (cough, fever, and/or vomiting/diarrhea; P = 0.27) or with cumulative instances of diarrheal/vomiting illness alone ( P = 0.66). No association was shown between cumulative instances of illness and stunting or microcephaly at 12-15 months. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the negative cumulative consequences of frequent febrile and respiratory illness on neurodevelopment during infancy. Future studies should explore pathogen-specific illnesses, host response associated with these syndromic illnesses, and their association with neurodevelopment.

Freeze-Dried Cooked Chickpeas: Considering a Suitable Alternative to Prepare Tasty Reconstituted Dishes.

The current trend in food consumption is toward convenience, i.e., fast food. The present work aims to study the potential of incorporating freeze-dried cooked chickpeas into a complex and traditional dish in Spanish gastronomy, such as Cocido, which has this legume as the main ingredient. Cocido is a two-course meal: a thin-noodle soup and a mix of chickpeas, several vegetables, and meat portions. The textural properties, sensory qualities, and rehydration kinetics of chickpeas of three Spanish varieties were investigated to select the most suitable cooking conditions to obtain freeze-dried chickpeas of easy rehydration whilst maintaining an adequate sensory quality for the preparation of the traditional dish. The sensory quality of various vegetables and meat portions, cooked under different conditions, was evaluated after freeze-drying and rehydration. It was possible to reproduce the sensory quality of the traditional dish after rehydration with water, heating to boiling in a microwave oven for 5 min, and resting for 10 min. Therefore, it is possible to commercialize complex dishes based on pulses and other cooked and freeze-dried ingredients as reconstituted meals with a wide nutrient profile. Nevertheless, additional research is required on the shelf life, together with other economic and marketing issues such as design of a proper packaging, that would allow consumption as a two-course meal.

Physical activity for children with deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism on anticoagulation: a scoping review.

Context: There are no clear pediatric guidelines on the return to physical activity following deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE), particularly while being treated with anticoagulation. Objective: This scoping review aimed to examine the current literature on physical activity beyond simple ambulation for patients with DVT/PE being treated with anticoagulation. Data Sources: An electronic search for articles in MEDLINE, Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process, and Other Non-Indexed Citations, Daily (1946 to April 4, 2022), and Embase+Embase Classic (1946 to 2022, week 13) was conducted. Study Selection: (1) Patients of any age with DVT/PE, treated with anticoagulation; (2) studies of any design providing information on physical activity (ie, sport, exercise) while on anticoagulation; and (3) studies in English. Data Extraction: Data from eligible studies obtained included the study design, population, disease characteristics, and information on physical activity participation. Results: A total of 26 eligible studies were included. Only 2 studies were specific to children. Studies recommend a gradual return to participation in noncontact or low-risk activities after the first 3-4 weeks of anticoagulation, with close monitoring of symptoms. Participation in contact sports and activities is typically delayed until after anticoagulants are discontinued. However, personalized anticoagulation with intermittent dosing schedules has been proposed for athletes after the first 3 months of anticoagulation treatment. Conclusions: Physical activity participation guidelines for children with DVT/PE being treated with anticoagulation are needed, and the evidence currently available is limited. Largely based on evidence from adult patients, we present evidence-informed options to facilitate clinician recommendations for returning to activity.

Active immunization with a structurally aggregated PD-L1 antigen breaks T and B immune tolerance in non-human primates and exhibits in vivo anti-tumoral effects in immunocompetent mouse tumor models.

Despite the clinical success of the programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) blocking therapy in cancer treatment, only a subset of patients exhibits durable responses, therefore further exploration of other immunotherapeutic alternatives are needed. This paper reported the development of the PKPD-L1Vac vaccine, a new protein vaccine candidate that uses aluminum phosphate as an adjuvant and as an antigen the extracellular domain of human PD-L1 fused to a 47 amino-terminal portion of the LpdA protein from N. meningitides (PKPD-L1). The PKPD-L1 antigen has different physical and biological characteristics than those found in the natural molecule and in others PD-L1 vaccine candidates. The quimeric protein has a reduced binding capacity to the PD-1 and CD80 receptors to decrease their pro-tumoral activity. Besides, the distinctive feature of the PKPD-L1 polypeptide to be structurally aggregated could be desirable for its immunogenic properties. PKPD-L1Vac elicited anti-PD-L1-specific IgG antibodies and T lymphocyte-mediated immunity in mice and non-human primates. The vaccine administration demonstrated antitumor activity on CT-26 and B16-F10 primary tumor models in mice. Moreover, the immunization with PKPD-L1Vac increased the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and decreased the proportion of CD3+CD8+PD1+high anergic T cells in CT-26 tumor tissues, suggesting that the vaccine may remodel the tumor microenvironment. In summary, the PKPD-L1Vac vaccine exhibits very promising preclinical results and deserves to move forward to a phase I clinical trial.

Lysophosphatidic acid receptor LPA1 trafficking and interaction with Rab proteins, as evidenced by Förster resonance energy transfer.

LPA1 internalization to endosomes was studied employing Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) in cells coexpressing the mCherry-lysophosphatidic acid LPA1 receptors and distinct eGFP-tagged Rab proteins. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-induced internalization was rapid and decreased afterward: phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) action was slower and sustained. LPA stimulated LPA1-Rab5 interaction rapidly but transiently, whereas PMA action was rapid but sustained. Expression of a Rab5 dominant-negative mutant blocked LPA1-Rab5 interaction and receptor internalization. LPA-induced LPA1-Rab9 interaction was only observed at 60 min, and LPA1-Rab7 interaction after 5 min with LPA and after 60 min with PMA. LPA triggered immediate but transient rapid recycling (i.e., LPA1-Rab4 interaction), whereas PMA action was slower but sustained. Agonist-induced slow recycling (LPA1-Rab11 interaction) increased at 15 min and remained at this level, whereas PMA action showed early and late peaks. Our results indicate that LPA1 receptor internalization varies with the stimuli.

Clinical and pathophysiological implications of autoantibodies in autoimmune neuropathies.

Autoimmune neuropathies are a heterogeneous group of rare and disabling diseases in which the immune system targets peripheral nervous system antigens and that respond to immune therapies. This review focuses on Guillain-Barré syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, multifocal motor neuropathy, polyneuropathy associated with IgM monoclonal gammopathy, and autoimmune nodopathies. Autoantibodies targeting gangliosides, proteins in the node of Ranvier, and myelin-associated glycoprotein have been described in these disorders, defining subgroups of patients with similar clinical features and response to therapy. This topical review describes the role of these autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of autoimmune neuropathies and their clinical and therapeutic importance.

Functional impact of pediatric postthrombotic syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Postthrombotic syndrome (PTS) is the most common complication of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in children. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess the impact of pediatric PTS on functioning as assessed by movement ability, mobility, functional disability, and physical activity levels in children after diagnosis of limb DVT. METHODS: Patients aged 8-21 years in follow-up care after objectively documented limb DVT were prospectively recruited in this cross-sectional study. Measures of functioning (outcomes) included self-reported questionnaires that assessed: 1) movement ability, measured with the Movement Ability Measure-Computer Adaptive Test version; 2) mobility, evaluated with the Computer Adaptive Test version of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Pediatric Physical Functioning, Mobility domain; 3) functional disability, evaluated with the Functional Disability Inventory; and 4) physical activity levels, evaluated with the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire. The main predictor was PTS severity, which was assessed using the index for the Clinical Assessment of PTS in children. The association between PTS and outcomes was analyzed using linear models. RESULTS: Eighty-seven patients (median age, 16 years; 25th-75th percentile, 15-18 years; 56% boys) were enrolled. Adjusted for age, sex, and underlying condition, increasing PTS severity was associated with lower current movement ability, a wider gap between current vs preferred movement ability, lower mobility, and slightly higher functional disability scores. There was a nonsignificant effect of PTS severity on moderate-strenuous physical activity. CONCLUSION: In children, increased PTS severity is associated with lower movement ability and impaired mobility. Reducing the gap between the patients' current vs preferred movement ability is a relevant aspect of PTS management in children.

Unraveling the pathophysiology of lower-limb postthrombotic syndrome in adolescents: a proof-of-concept study.

A better understanding of the pathophysiology of pediatric postthrombotic syndrome (PTS) is needed to develop strategies to treat this condition. We investigated calf pump function, exercise capacity, balance in power output, and changes in limb muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) and fluid content during exercise in 10 pediatric patients with unilateral lower-limb PTS, and in age- and sex-matched controls (1:1-1:2 ratio). Outcomes were investigated using bioimpedance spectroscopy, torque-sensing pedals, and near-infrared spectroscopy during incremental- and constant-load cycling tests. The median age at participation was 17 years (25th-75th percentile, 15-18 years); 68% of participants were females. The median CAPTSure score in the affected leg of affected participants was 35 points (25th-75th percentile, 24-46 points), indicating moderate/severe PTS; 20% of patients had a history of central venous catheter-related thrombosis. Increasing PTS severity was associated with higher calf pump venous volume and higher ejection volume, leading to compensated calf pump performance. We found no evidence of PTS impact on exercise capacity. Leg contribution to power output was similar in affected and unaffected legs. However, the PTS-affected legs showed lower SmO2 during active cycling and recovery with increasing PTS severity, indicating impaired microvascular function in the muscle. These findings suggest that PTS severity is associated with impaired blood flow, presumably from elevated venous pressure during and after exercise. The fact that microvascular function is impaired in young patients with PTS underscores the relevance of developing strategies to mitigate the effects of this chronic vascular disease to minimize its deleterious effects as children grow older.

Hartmann's procedure versus primary anastomosis for Hinchey stage III diverticulitis: a prospective case-control study.

INTRODUCTION: Hartmann's procedure (HP) is the conventional treatment in patients with complicated diverticulitis. Segmental resection with primary anastomosis (PA) is a treatment alternative for those patients. Our aim was to compare the postoperative results of HP and PA in patients with complicated diverticulitis (Hinchey stage III). METHODS: A case-control study was conducted on patients operated on for purulent Hinchey stage III diverticulitis, within the time frame of 2000 and 2019. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients that underwent PA were compared with 27 that underwent HP. The patients that underwent HP had a greater probability of morbidity at 30 days (OR 3.5; 95% CI 1.13-11.25), as well as a greater probability of major complications (OR 10.9; 95% CI 1.26-95.05). CONCLUSION: The patients that underwent segmental resection and PA presented with lower morbidity rates and higher stoma reversal rates than the patients that underwent HP.

Advantages and Short-Term Outcomes of Laparoscopic-Assisted Renal Surgery in Elderly Patients

Objective: To compare the perioperative results of adult and elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic renal surgery. Methodology: Retrospective, analytical study. 448 who underwent kidney surgery for benign or malignant pathologies between 2011-2019 were included in the General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”. They were categorized into two groups: Group 1 <60 years and Group 2 >60 years. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were performed, the calculations were performed with 95% reliability and a value of p (<0.05). Results: In the group over 60 years of age, the following was found: Age: 67.1 years (60-83). IMC 28.3 kg/m2 (19-48.7). Intra and postsurgical outcomes: intraoperative bleeding = 184.4cc (5-1700). Surgical Time = 112.6min (30-240). Days of hospital stay = 2 (1-7). Complications in 2.6% (Clavien-Dindo: I = 2; II = 1), no conversion was required in any patient. There were no statistically significant differences with group 1, an exception for intraoperative bleeding. Conclusions: Our study is a pioneer in Latin America in the evaluation of the geriatric population and outcomes with laparoscopic surgery and we recommend that renal procedures with a laparoscopic approach should be considered as the best strategy in the management of benign or malignant renal pathology in geriatric patients (AU)

Objetivo: Comparar los resultados perioperatorios depacientes adultos y adultos mayores sometidos a cirugía renal laparoscópica.Material y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo,analítico. Se incluyeron 448 sometidos a cirugías renalespor patologías benignas o malignas entre 2011-2019 en elHospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”. Secategorizaron en dos grupos: Grupo 1 <60 años y Grupo2 >60 años. Se realizó estadística descriptiva y análisisbivariado, los cálculos se realizaron con confiabilidad del95% y un valor de p (< 0.05).Resultados: En el grupo de mayores de 60 años, seencontró lo siguiente: Edad promedio: 67.1 años (60-83).IMC 28.3 kg/m2(19-48.7). Desenlaces trans y postquirúrgicos: sangrado transoperatorio (STO) = 184.4cc (5-1700).Tiempo Quirúrgico = 112.6 min (30-240). Días de estanciaintrahospitalaria = 2 (1-7). Complicaciones en el 2.6%(Clavien-Dindo: I = 2; II = 1), no se requirió conversiónen ningún paciente. No existieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas con el grupo 1, a excepción del STO.Conclusiones: Nuestro estudio es pionero enIberoamérica en la evaluación de la población geriátricay desenlaces con cirugía laparoscópica y recomendamosque los procedimientos renales con abordaje laparoscópicodeben considerarse como la mejor estrategia en el manejode patología renal benigna o maligna en los pacientes geriátricos (AU)

Young children's voices in an unlocked Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic.

AIMS: During the COVID-19 pandemic, Sweden was one of the few countries that rejected lockdowns in favour of recommendations for restrictions, including careful hand hygiene and social distancing. Preschools and primary schools remained open. Several studies have shown negative impacts of the pandemic on children, particularly high levels of anxiety. The study aim was to explore how Swedish school-aged children aged 6-14 years, experienced the COVID-19 pandemic and their perceived anxiety. METHODS: In total, 774 children aged 6-14 years and their guardians answered an online questionnaire containing 24 questions, along with two instruments measuring anxiety: the Children's Anxiety Questionnaire and the Numerical Rating Scale. A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was used for analysing the quantitative and qualitative data. Each data source was first analysed separately, followed by a merged interpretative analysis. RESULTS: The results showed generally low levels of anxiety, with no significant sex differences. Children who refrained from normal social activities or group activities (n=377) had significantly higher levels of anxiety. Most of the children were able to appreciate the bright side of life, despite the social distancing and refraining from activities, which prevented them from meeting and hugging their loved ones. CONCLUSIONS: These Swedish children generally experienced low levels of anxiety, except those who refrained from social activities. Life was nonetheless mostly experienced as normal, largely because schools remained open. Keeping life as normal as possible could be one important factor in preventing higher anxiety and depression levels in children during a pandemic.

Cell Trafficking and Function of G Protein-coupled Receptors.

The G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are plasma membrane proteins that function as sensors of changes in the internal and external milieux and play essential roles in health and disease. They are targets of hormones, neurotransmitters, local hormones (autacoids), and a large proportion of the drugs currently used as therapeutics and for "recreational" purposes. Understanding how these receptors signal and are regulated is fundamental for progress in areas such as physiology and pharmacology. This review will focus on what is currently known about their structure, the molecular events that trigger their signaling, and their trafficking to endosomal compartments. GPCR phosphorylation and its role in desensitization (signaling switching) are also discussed. It should be mentioned that the volume of information available is enormous given the large number and variety of GPCRs. However, knowledge is fragmentary even for the most studied receptors, such as the adrenergic receptors. Therefore, we attempt to present a panoramic view of the field, conscious of the risks and limitations (such as oversimplifications and incorrect generalizations). We hope this will provoke further research in the area. It is currently accepted that GPCR internalization plays a role signaling events. Therefore, the processes that allow them to internalize and recycle back to the plasma membrane are briefly reviewed. The functions of cytoskeletal elements (mainly actin filaments and microtubules), the molecular motors implicated in receptor trafficking (myosin, kinesin, and dynein), and the GTPases involved in GPCR internalization (dynamin) and endosomal sorting (Rab proteins), are discussed. The critical role phosphoinositide metabolism plays in regulating these events is also depicted.

Ácido úrico herramienta de tamización para preeclampsia. Una revisión sistemática de la literatura / Uric acid screening tool for preeclampsia a systematic review

Introducción: El ácido úrico se ha descrito como un posible marcador de riesgo para la aparición de preeclampsia; sin embargo, hasta el momento no hay evidencia sólida que lo soporte. El objetivo de este estudio es sintetizar la literatura disponible que permita conocer la utilidad del ácido úrico como una herramienta de tamización para preeclampsia. Metodología: Revisión sistemática de la literatura de estudios primarios que analicen los niveles séricos de ácido úrico en el primer y segundo trimestre de gestación con el desarrollo de preeclampsia. Búsqueda en Pubmed (n: 639). Resultados: Se incluyeron 2 estudios de cohorte con un total de 9.746 gestantes y 398 casos de preeclampsia. En los estudios se encontraron mayores niveles séricos de ácido úrico en las gestantes que desarrollaron preeclampsia (OR 1,8 a 2,0). Conclusiones: El ácido úrico se relaciona con la aparición de preeclampsia y su fisiopatología. Se invita a la comunidad científica a seguir investigando acerca de la utilidad del ácido úrico para su implementación como herramienta de tamización en el primer y el segundo trimestre de embarazo.(AU)

Introduction: Uric acid has been described as a possible risk marker for the appearance of pre-eclampsia. However, so far there is no solid evidence to support it. The objective of this study is to synthesize the available literature to determine the usefulness of uric acid as a screening tool for pre-eclampsia. Methodology: Systematic review of the literature of primary studies that analyse serum uric acid levels in the first and second trimesters of gestation with the development of pre-eclampsia. Search in PubMed (n: 639). Results: Two studies (2 cohort studies) were included with a total of 9,746 pregnant women and 398 cases of pre-eclampsia. In the studies, higher serum uric acid levels were found in pregnant women who developed preeclampsia (OR 1.8 to 2.0). Conclusions: Uric acid is related to the presence of preeclampsia and its pathophysiology. The scientific community is invited to continue investigating the applicability of uric acid for its implementation as a screening tool in the first and second trimester of pregnancy.(AU)