Análisis factorial de la Escala Situacional de Empatia Emocional en una muestra universitaria chilena

La preocupación empática y angustia personal son los componentes emocionales de la empatía según los modelos más utilizados. Estos componentes pueden conceptualizarse en forma disposicional o situacional. Los análisis previos tienden a considerar escalas disposicionales con escasa evidencia para las situacionales. El presente estudio analizó la estructura factorial de la Escala Situacional de la Empatía Emocional, compuesta por la preocupación empática y angustia personal. En una muestra a conveniencia de estudiantes universitarias/os chilenos/as (N = 539), se analizó el ajuste de primer y segundo orden de la escala mediante análisis factorial. Los resultados indicaron un buen (X2/gl = 4.189, CFI = .964, ТЫ = .932, sRMR = .042, RMSEA = .086, AIC = 12041.418, BIC = 12097.185) y mejor ajuste del modelo de segundo orden Cfdiferenda(1) = 16.689,p .01, -ΔAIC- = 211.633 > 10, y -ΔBIC- = 207.342 > 10), mientras que el de un orden no mostró un buen ajuste (X2/gl = 20.878, CFI = .727, ты = .544, SRMR = .118, RMSEA = .224, AIC = 12253.051, BIC = 12304.527). Los resultados fueron consistentes con la literatura. Se discute la necesidad de nuevas evidencias de validez y el uso de muestras más representativas.

Empathic concern and personal distress are the emotional components of empathy according to most utilized models. These components can be conceptualized in a dispositional or situational form. Previous analyzes tend to consider dispositional scales, with little evidence for situational ones. The present study analyzed the factor structure of a situational scale of emotional empathy, composed of empathic concern and personal distress. In a convenience sample of Chilean university students (N = 539), the one-order and second-order fit of the scale was analyzed using factor analysis. The results indicated a good (X2/gl = 4.189, CFI = .964, ТЫ = .932, SRMR = .042, RMSEA = .086, AIC = 12041.418, BIC = 12097.185) and better Ct2 difference(1) = 16.689, p .01, -ΔAIC- = 211.633 > 10, y -ΔBIC- = 207.342 > 10) second-order fit while one-order did not show a good fit (X2/gl = 20.878, CFI = .727, ты = .544, SRMR = .118, RMSEA = .224, AIC = 12253.051, BIC = 12304.527). The results were consistent with the literature. The need for new types of validity and the use of more representative samples was discussed.

Análisis factorial confirmatorio de la Escala verbal de fusión de identidad en una muestra chilena / Confirmatory factor analysis of the Verbal Identity Fusion Scale in a Chilean sample

Resumen La fusión de identidad consiste en un sentimiento de unión con un grupo, en el que el individuo experimenta una mezcla entre su identidad personal y la social; y es un buen predictor de la conducta extrema progrupo. El presente estudio analizó la estructura factorial de la Escala verbal de fusión de identidad elaborada por Gómez et al. (2011), en una muestra chilena. Se utilizó una muestra universitaria seleccionada por conveniencia de 411 participantes (66% mujeres) con una edad media de 24.45 años (DT = 5.89). Se analizó el ajuste unifactorial y bifactorial de la Escala a través del análisis factorial, y las respectivas confiabilidades. Los resultados indicaron un buen y mejor ajuste del modelo bifactorial (χ 2/gl = 3.34, p < .001, CFI = .975, TLI = .957, SRMR = .030, y RMSEA = .085), por sobre el unifactorial, que no mostró un buen ajuste (χ 2/gl = 5.26, p < .001, CFI = .946, TLI = .919, SRMR = .042, y RMSEA = .116). Ambos modelos contaron con altas confiabilidades (> .800). Se discutió sobre el mejor ajuste de la estructura bifactorial en relación con estudios realizados en Estados Unidos, España y población inmigrante en Chile. Se proyecta la necesidad de futuros estudios que incorporen otros análisis de validez y superen la limitación del presente estudio asociada al uso de una muestra no representativa.

Abstract Identity fusion consists in a form alignment with a group and is a significant predictor of extreme pro-group behavior. The present study analyzed the factor structure of the verbal scale of identity fusion developed by Gómez et al. (2011), in a Chilean sample. A Chilean university sample by convenience of 411 participants (66% women) with a mean age of 24.45 years (SD = 5.89) was used. One-factor and two-factor fit of the scale was analyzed through factor analysis, and the respective reliabilities. The results indicated a good and better fit of the two-factor (χ2/gl = 3.34, p < .001, CFI = .975, TLI = .957, SRMR = .030, and RMSEA = .085), than the one-factor model, which did not show a good fit (χ2/gl = 5.26, p < .001, CFI = .946, TLI = .919, SRMR = .042, and RMSEA = .116). Both models had high reliabilities (> .800). The better fit of the two-factor structure was discussed in relation to studies conducted in the United States, Spain, and an immigrant population in Chile. The need for future studies incorporating other validity analyses and overcoming the limitation of the present study associated with the use of a non-representative sample is projected.

Manejo farmacológico de la hipertensión materna durante la lactancia: un reto terapéutico / Pharmacological management of maternal hypertension during breastfeeding: A therapeutic challenge

Introduction: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy may persist or appear in the postnatal period, and may require treatment while breastfeeding. There is no current consensus on the pharmacological management of hypertension in this context, and it may represent a challenge for the clinician. Objective: To review the literature on the pharmacological management of maternal hypertension during breastfeeding. Methods: We conducted a literature search on the subject in ScienceDirect, PubMed-Medline, Embase biomedical, SciELO and Cochrane Library, using the terms: "pregnancy induced hypertension AND therapeutics", "postpartum hypertension AND therapeutics", "pregnancy induced hypertension AND treatment", "postpartum hypertension AND treatment". Results: Forty-four relevant articles were considered suitable for this review. Conclusions: The literature reviewed suggests that nifedipine, enalapril, captopril and metoprolol are relatively safe drugs for the breastfeeding infant.

Introducción. Los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo pueden aparecer y persistir en el puerperio, pudiendo requerir tratamiento durante el periodo de lactancia. Actualmente, no existe consenso acerca del manejo farmacológico, y representa un reto terapéutico para el clínico. Objetivo. Revisar la literatura acerca del manejo farmacológico de la hipertensión materna durante la lactancia. Métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda estructurada de la literatura en las siguientes bases de datos: ScienceDirect, PubMed-Medline, Embase biomedical, SciELO y Cochrane Library, con los términos: 'pregnancy induced hypertension, AND therapeutics', 'postpartum hypertension AND therapeutics', 'pregnancy induced hypertension AND treatment', 'postpartum hypertension AND treatment'. Resultados. Se encontró 44 artículos relevantes para llevar a cabo la presente revisión. Conclusiones. No existe evidencia suficiente para demostrar la seguridad de cualquiera de los fármacos utilizados en el tratamiento de la hipertensión materna durante la lactancia. La literatura sugiere que nifedipino, enalapril, captopril y metoprolol, son los fármacos empleados con seguridad relativa para el lactante.

Craniosynostosis, delayed closure of the fontanelle, anal, genitourinary, and skin abnormalities (CDAGS syndrome): first report in a Mexican patient and review of the literature.

INTRODUCTION: Craniosynostosis and clavicular hypoplasia, delayed closure of the fontanelle, cranial defects, anal and genitourinary abnormalities, and skin (CDAGS), is an infrequent autosomal recessive entity with only 10 cases reported; no associated gene has been identified so far. CASE REPORT: The proband is a 2-year-old Mexican female with brachycephaly, cleft palate, anal malformation with rectovestibular fistula, and clinodactyly of the third toe overlapping the second. At 4 months of age, she developed a disseminated dermatosis with erythematous scaly nummular plaques, elevated keratotic sharp borders with thin to broad flaking, hematic crusts, and keratotic surface in others. The lesions were slightly pruritic and began at the lower limbs with posterior dissemination to the upper limbs, head, and trunk; palms and soles were unaffected. A skin biopsy showed hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, acanthosis, and perivascular inflammatory infiltration in the upper reticular dermis among other alterations. She also presented mild bilateral neurosensory hypoacusia and enamel dysplasia. Her karyotype was normal. Treatment with topical hydrating creams partially improved the skin lesions at their center, while the sharply keratotic borders remained, giving a clinical resemblance to porokeratosis. DISCUSSION: The patient suffers from CDAGS syndrome but has normal development, and feet abnormality was described in only one other patient. The treatment with topical hydrating creams improved the skin lesions at their center, while porokeratotic characteristics persisted. CDAGS remains a diagnostic challenge; a comparison with previously reported cases is discussed. The timely detection of the syndrome will allow early treatment that may improve the condition of the patients.

Propuesta de algoritmo terapéutico para hallux rigidus / Treatment algorithm proposed for hallux rigidus

El hallux rigidus es la artrosis más frecuente en el pie y tobillo y la segunda afectación más importante de la primera articulación metatarsofalángica tras el hallux valgus. Si no se trata, puede producir importantes alteraciones en la marcha, movilidad y actividades de la vida diaria. Pretendemos en este artículo de revisión presentar un algoritmo de tratamiento completo para todos los grados de esta enfermedad, tras una concienzuda revisión bibliográfica.

Hallux rigidus is the most frequent arthrosis of the foot and ankle and the second most important condition involving the first metatarsophalangeal joint after hallux valgus. If left untreated, it may cause important alterations in gait, mobility and activities of daily living. The purpose of this review article is to describe a complete treatment algorithm for all grades of this condition, after a thorough bibliographic review.

[Treatment algorithm proposed for hallux rigidus]. / Propuesta de algoritmo terapéutico para hallux rigidus.

Hallux rigidus is the most frequent arthrosis of the foot and ankle and the second most important condition involving the first metatarsophalangeal joint after hallux valgus. If left untreated, it may cause important alterations in gait, mobility and activities of daily living. The purpose of this review article is to describe a complete treatment algorithm for all grades of this condition, after a thorough bibliographic review.

[Our experience with orthopedic damage control in high-energy tibial pylon fractures]. / Nuestra experiencia en la aplicación del control de daños ortopédico en fracturas de pilón tibial por alta energía.

High-energy tibial pylon fractures represent some of the most severe injuries of the ankle joint and currently represent a challenge for the orthopedic surgeon. These are usually polytraumatized patients and before admitting them into the traumatology unit, spinal cord, pelvic or thoracoabdominal injuries should be ruled out. Due to the special anatomy of the area, its thin skin cover and subcutaneous location, soft tissues are usually severely affected and this is key when choosing the time for a surgical intervention. Although the definitive treatment of these injuries is controversial, the so called two-stage treatment seems to predominate in order to minimize soft tissue iatrogenic injuries applying the concept of orthopedic damage control of the limb. We present the preliminary results of 10 patients operated with this method at our center.