First detection of Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Ehrlichia canis, and Anaplasma ovis in Rhipicephalus bursa ticks collected from sheep, Turkey.

Anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis are important tick-borne rickettsial diseases of medical and veterinary importance that cause economic losses in livestock. In this study, the prevalence of Anaplasma ovis, Ehrlichia canis and Ehrlichia chaffeensis was investigated in ticks collected from sheep in various farms in Van province, which is located in the Eastern Anatolian Region of Turkey. The ticks used in this study were collected by random sampling in 26 family farm business in 13 districts of Van province. A total of 688 ticks were collected from 88 sheep and 88 tick pools were created. All ticks identified morphologically as Rhipicephalus bursa. Phylogenetic analysis of Chaperonin and 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed A. ovis, E. canis and E. chaffeensis in this study. Of the 88 tick pools tested, 28.41% (25/88) were positive for at least one pathogen. Anaplasma DNA was detected in five of the 88 pools (5.68%), E. canis DNA was detected in 19 of the 88 pools (21.59%), and E. chaffeensis DNA was detected in one of the 88 pools (1.14%) of R. bursa ticks. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the presence of A. ovis, E. canis, and E. chaffeensis in R. bursa ticks collected from sheep in Turkey. Further studies are needed to investigate other co-infections in sheep in Turkey.

Solvent-Templated Methylammonium-Based Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskites with Short Interlayer Distances.

Two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites are exquisite semiconductors with great structural tunability. They can incorporate a rich variety of organic species that not only template their layered structures but also add new functionalities to their optoelectronic characteristics. Here, we present a series of new methylammonium (CH3NH3+ or MA)-based 2D Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites templated by dimethyl carbonate (CH3OCOOCH3 or DMC) solvent molecules. We report the synthesis, detailed structural analysis, and characterization of four new compounds: MA2(DMC)PbI4 (n = 1), MA3(DMC)Pb2I7 (n = 2), MA4(DMC)Pb3I10 (n = 3), and MA3(DMC)Pb2Br7 (n = 2). Notably, these compounds represent unique structures with MA as the sole organic cation both within and between the perovskite sheets, while DMC molecules occupy a tight space between the MA cations in the interlayer. They form hydrogen-bonded [MA···DMC···MA]2+ complexes that act as spacers, preventing the perovskite sheets from condensing into each other. We report one of the shortest interlayer distances (∼5.7-5.9 Å) in solvent-incorporated 2D halide perovskites. Furthermore, the synthesized crystals exhibit similar optical characteristics to other 2D perovskite systems, including narrow photoluminescence (PL) signals. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm their direct-band-gap nature. Meanwhile, the phase stability of these systems was found to correlate with the H-bond distances and their strengths, decreasing in the order MA3(DMC)Pb2I7 > MA4(DMC)Pb3I10 > MA2(DMC)PbI4 ∼ MA3(DMC)Pb2Br7. The relatively loosely bound nature of DMC molecules enables us to design a thermochromic cell that can withstand 25 cycles of switching between two colored states. This work exemplifies the unconventional role of the noncharged solvent molecule in templating the 2D perovskite structure.

Comparison of retinochoroidal and optic nerve head microvascular circulation between HIV-positive patients and healthy subjects using optical coherence tomography angiography.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the retinal, choroidal, and optic disc head microvascular circulation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals without retinopathy receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA). METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 100 eyes of 100 patients with HIV infection but no HIV-related ocular disease and 108 eyes of 108 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects as the control group. SS-OCTA was used to assess foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL), choriocapillaris (CC) flow area, outer retinal (OR) thickness, radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) vessel density (VD), ONH VD, and choroidal thickness. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups except in the foveal VD of the deep capillary plexus (DCP). The foveal VD of the DCP was lower in the HIV-positive group (P=0.011). The mean FAZ area (mm2), perimeter (mm), and CC flow area (mm) values were higher in the HIV-positive group at statistically significant levels (P=0.021, P=0.02, and P=0.039, respectively). However, no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups concerning the OR flow area, subfoveal choroidal thickness, or the VDs of the RPC or ONH. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study in the literature to evaluate the microvascular circulation of the ONH in HIV-positive patients. Although retinal and choroidal microvascular circulation decreased in HIV-positive patients receiving HAART treatment, we found no effect on the microvascular circulation of the ONH or RPC microvascular circulation. Our findings suggest that retinochoroidal microvascular circulation is affected in HIV-positive patients over time.

Los principales patrones de la trombosis maligna relacionada con el carcinoma hepatocelular en la 18F-FDG PET/TC / Different patterns of hepatocellular carcinoma-related malign thrombosis in 18F-FDG PET/CT

El trombo tumoral es una extensión de tumor maligno intravascular que puede ocurrir en varios tipos de cáncer. Los carcinomas hepatocelulares (CHC) son causas comunes de trombo maligno. La presencia de un trombo maligno debido al CHC tiene un pronóstico sombrío, que afecta las opciones de tratamiento. Presentamos 3 casos de trombos tumorales debidos a CHC avanzado detectado por 18F-FDG PET/TC

Tumor thrombus is an intravascular malign tumor extension that may occur in various types of cancer. Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) are common causes of malign thrombus. The presence of a malign thrombus due to HCC has a dismal prognosis, which affects treatment choices. We present three cases of tumor thrombi due to advanced HCC detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT

Evolución neurológica del feto / The neurological assessment of foetuses

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