PCR-based detection of the honeybee tracheal mite (Acarapis woodi) in Türkiye.

Acarapis woodi (Rennie 1921) (Acari: Tarsonemidae) is one of the mites that settles in the respiratory system of honeybees (Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera, Apidae)) and distributed throughout the world. It causes significant economic losses on honey production. In Türkiye, studies on the existence of A. woodi are very limited and so far, no studies on the molecular diagnosis and phylogenetic of it have been reported in Türkiye. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of A. woodi in Türkiye, especially in areas where beekeeping is intense. Diagnosis of A. woodi was performed using both microscopic and molecular methods using specific PCR primers. Adult honeybee samples were collected from 1.193 hives in 40 provinces of Türkiye between 2018 and 2019. Based on identification studies, the presence of A. woodi was detected in a total of 3 hives (0.5%) in 2018 and 4 hives (0.7%) in 2019. This is the first report for determination of A. woodi in Türkiye.

Molecular identification and infection levels of Anisakis species (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in the red scorpionfish Scorpaena scrofa (Scorpaenidae) from the Aegean Sea.

The red scorpionfish Scorpaena scrofa (Scorpaenidae) is a high commercial value marine fish species along the Mediterranean coasts. Anisakiasis is a fish-borne parasitic zoonoses caused by Anisakis larvae in consumers. To date, there are only a few epidemiological studies on the presence and molecular identification of Anisakis larvae infecting S. scrofa. A total of 272 S. scrofa captured from the Gulf of Izmir in the Turkish Aegean coasts (FAO 37.3.1) were examined for Anisakis larvae between March 2019 and March 2020. The prevalence, mean intensity and mean abundance of Anisakis larvae were 9.6% (95% CI 6.5-13.7%), 2.8 (95% CI 1.88-5.19), and 0.27 (95% CI 0.15-0.56), respectively. All Anisakis larvae were collected from the viscera and body cavity of S. scrofa. Anisakis pegreffii, A. typica, and A. ziphidarum were genetically identified by RFLP analysis of the ITS region. These species were also confirmed by cox2 sequence analysis. A weak positive and statistically significant correlation between the total length (ρS 0.204; p = 0.001) and total weight (ρS 0.200; p = 0.001) of S. scrofa and the number of Anisakis larvae was observed. This survey presents the first molecular detection of A. typica and A. ziphidarum in S. scrofa. Thus, this fish species is a new host for A. typica and A. ziphidarum. This is also the first report of the presence of A. ziphidarum in the Aegean Sea.

Fibrin glue and biliary anastomotic leak after liver transplant.

OBJECTIVES: Fibrin sealants may prevent hemorrhage and biliary leakage after liver resection. We evaluated the effects of topical fibrin glue application on biliary anastomosis in deceased-donor liver transplant. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2011 to July 2013, fibrin glue was applied around the biliary anastomosis in 10 patients who had deceased-donor liver transplant (recipients: female, 8 patients; median age, 46.9 y) with end-to-end choledochocholedochostomy in 9 patients and hepaticojejunostomy in 1 patient. Biliary leakage was diagnosed with abdominal computed tomography. RESULTS: Biliary leakage was observed in 1 patient at 18 days after deceased-donor liver transplant with end-to-end choledochocholedochostomy. This was treated with revision laparotomy and reconstruction of the biliary anastomotic leak with a hepaticojejunostomy and placement of an internal stent and fibrin glue; the patient 's condition improved. There were no perioperative deaths. CONCLUSIONS: In deceased-donor liver transplant, application of fibrin glue at the biliary anastomosis may be associated with.

Near infrared spectrophotometry (cerebral oximetry) in predicting the return of spontaneous circulation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

AIM: We assessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients' cerebral oxygenation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) using near infrared spectrophotometry (NIRS). We evaluated the relation between a rise in patients' cerebral saturation values between the start and end of CPR and return of spontaneous circulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three patients with unwitnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and brought to our emergency department by emergency ambulance were evaluated. Cerebral saturations from time of start of CPR were measured using NIRS. CPR was performed for a maximum of 30 min. The relation between cerebral saturations in patients with or without return of spontaneous circulation was then evaluated. RESULTS: Twenty-three patients, 12 (52.2%) female and 11 (47.8%) male, with a mean age of 64.09 ± 13.66 were included. A correlation was determined between a rise in cerebral saturation measured throughout CPR and the return of spontaneous circulation (P < .001). CONCLUSION: Patients whose cerebral saturation values measured with NIRS rise during CPR have a higher post-resuscitation survival rate. Monitoring of patients during CPR with this non-invasive technique may be a good method for predicting return of spontaneous circulation.

Factors Influencing the Preference of Regional Anaesthesia in the Obstetric Population: A Survey Study.

OBJECTIVE: Most patients in Turkey still prefer general anaesthesia (GA) and are somehow afraid of regional blocks. Receiving adequate information is likely to increase patients' awareness about regional anaesthesia (RA). We aimed to determine the current preferences of parturients, the reasons for refusal of RA techniques, and how detailed information about the type of anaesthesia affect a patient's preference for anaesthesia among obstetric cases. METHODS: One hundred fifty patients, scheduled for elective caesarean section (C/S), were surveyed before and after the C/S. The survey included three parts: the first part involved demographic features, anaesthesia preferences, prior opinions and experiences related to RA, and assessment of preoperative fears and reasons, and the second part involved persuasion of patients after reading the information sheet about RA. The final part was composed of postoperative satisfaction and complications related to the RA or GA depending on the patients' preferences. Complications were recorded on the anaesthesia chart. RESULTS: Of all patients, 42.7% (n=64) approved and 48% (n=72) refused RA at the first preoperative anaesthesia visit. The remaining patients (n=14) had no idea of which anaesthesia type to choose. After being informed about RA in detail, 48 (66.6%) of the patients who previously refused RA and all patients who had no idea approved the procedure, and all of them were satisfied with the anaesthesia following the procedure. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed exactly that particularly obstetric anaesthetists should inform their patients about the advantages and disadvantages of all alternative types of anaesthesia. Effective and correct information is the major point.

Efficacy and safety of hepatectomy performed with intermittent portal triad clamping with low central venous pressure.

BACKGROUND: This retrospective study was designed to investigate the efficacy and safety of intermittent portal triad clamping (PTC) with low central venous pressure (CVP) in liver resections. METHODS: Between January 2007 and August 2013, 115 patients underwent liver resection with intermittent PTC. The patients' data were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: There were 58 males and 57 females with a mean age of 55 years (± 13.7). Cirrhosis was found in 23 patients. Resections were performed for malignant disease in 62.6% (n = 72) and for benign disease in 37.4% (n = 43). Major hepatectomy was performed in 26 patients (22.4%). Mean liver ischemia period was 27.1 min (± 13.9). The mortality rate was 1.7% and the morbidity rate was 22.6%. Cumulative clamping time (t = 3.61, P < 0.001) and operation time (t = 2.38, P < 0.019) were significantly correlated with AST alterations (D-AST). Cumulative clamping time (t = 5.16, P < 0.001) was significantly correlated with D-ALT. Operation time (t = 5.81, P < 0.001) was significantly correlated with D-LDH. CONCLUSIONS: Intermittent PTC under low CVP was performed with low morbidity and mortality. Intermittent PTC can be safely applied up to 60 minutes in both normal and impaired livers.