Identification and characterization of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos exposed zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain.

Pesticides, such as cypermethrin (CYP) and chlorpyrifos (CPF), are widely used around the world and are known to cause toxicological effects in the brains of fish and other non-target organisms. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are a new class of non-coding RNAs that are highly expressed in the brain and play crucial roles in brain function by regulating gene expression. Many studies have investigated the toxic effects of CYP and CPF on the brain. However, no study has been conducted on the relationship between LncRNAs and the toxicity caused by these chemicals. Therefore, this study aimed to determine changes in the lncRNA expression profile in the brains of fish exposed to CYP and CPF. Out of a total of 482 lncRNAs that were differentially expressed between control and CPF groups, 53 were found to be up-regulated, and 429 were down-regulated. Similarly, among the 200 lncRNAs differentially expressed between the control and CYP groups, 71 were up-regulated, and 129 were down-regulated. Additionally, 268 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified between CYP and CPF groups, with 240 being up-regulated and the rest being down-regulated. In addition, LncRNAs expressed from fish brains exposed to CYP and CPF were found to regulate multiple signaling pathways, including MAPK, FoxO, PPAR, TGF-ß, and Wnt signaling pathways.

Heavy metal accumulation potential in pomegranate fruits and leaves grown in roadside orchards.

This study was carried out to determine the possible heavy metal accumulation in fruits and leaves of Zivzik pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) grown in two different roadside orchards located in Pirinçli and Kapili villages of Siirt province, Turkey. Leaf and fruit samples were collected from trees located at 0, 50, 100 m distances from the main roads. Plant samples were analyzed for cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) concentrations. The Co, Ni, Cd, Pb and Cr concentrations of fruit samples collected from Pirinçli village were ranged from 0.082 to 0.238 mg kg-1, from 1.160 to 1.559 mg kg-1, from 0.087 to 0.179 mg kg-1, 0.326 to 0.449 mg kg-1 and 0.606 to 1.054 mg kg-1, respectively. The Co, Ni, Cd, Pb and Cr concentrations of fruit samples from Kapili village were between 0.085 and 0.137 mg kg-1, 1.042 and 1.123 mg kg-1, 0.037 and 0.076 mg kg-1, 0.277 and 0.520 mg kg-1 and 0.762 and 0.932 mg kg-1, respectively. Heavy metal concentrations of leaf samples from Pirinçli village varied from 0.191 to 0.227 mg Co kg-1, 2.201 to 3.547 mg Ni kg-1, 0.051 to 0.098 mg Cd kg-1, 0.535 to 0.749 mg Pb kg-1 and from 1.444 to 2.017 mg Cr kg-1. Similarly, the heavy metal concentration of leaf samples from Kapili villages were between 0.213 and 0.217 mg Co kg-1, 2.160 and 2.511 mg Ni kg-1, 0.058 and 0.114 mg Cd kg-1, 0.579 and 0.676 mg Pb kg-1 and 1.688 and 1.518 mg Cr kg-1. The Co, Ni and Cr concentrations in fruit samples collected from 0, 50 and 100 meters to the main road in Pirinçli village were at statistically significant level, while only Ni concentration in leaf samples collected from 0, 50 and 100 meters to the main road was at significant level. In contrast, heavy metal concentrations in fruit and leaf samples collected from 0, 50 and 100 m to the main road in Kapili village were not statistically significant level.