The terminal period findings of late-diagnosed fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva.

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an autosomal dominant rare disease characterized by foot deformities and concomitant heterotopic ossifications. Theoretically, in the absence of early diagnosis and medication, the patient's outcome will be poor. The patients are usually diagnosed at an early age. Hence, encountering a non-treated and terminal-period patient is rare. Our case was unique because it showed the clinical picture and atypical radiological distribution of a 20-year-old, terminally ill untreated female patient. She had hallux valgus, heterotopic ossifications and multiple osteochondromas that were detected in the right clavicula, the posterior arch of the 9th rib, the bilateral tibia and fibula. Atypically, heterotopic ossifications were not present in the soft tissues of the neck. Hand deformity, cardiac anomaly, or mental retardation was not observed. It was a sporadic case. The presentation with neurological symptoms was also atypical.

Investigation of ligament, bone, synovial and plica pathologies accompanied by common extensor tendon in patients with lateral overuse syndrome of the elbow using magnetic resonance imaging.

BACKGROUND: Tendinosis in the common extensor tendon and accompanying ligament, bone, and plica abnormalities can be observed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). PURPOSE: To determine whether there is a difference between accompanying abnormalities according to the degree of common extensor tendon injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients who underwent 1.5-T MRI tests with a prediagnosis of lateral overuse syndrome were retrospectively reviewed, and 56 patients who had an injury in the common extensor tendon (CET) were included. The degree of tendon and ligament injury, muscle signal change, bone marrow signal change, presence of joint effusion, and morphological features in the presence of plica were evaluated via MRI examinations of the elbow. RESULTS: Overall, 32, 16, and eight patients had mild, moderate, and severe CET damage, respectively. As the severity of CET damage increased, the presence of joint effusion, and the presence and degree of damage to the lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL) and radial collateral ligament (RCL) increased. The radiohumeral (RH) plica area was significantly larger in the group with mild CET damage. There was no statistically significant correlation between the severity of CET damage and the end of RH plica with a blind-end, coverage of one-third or more of the radius, its signal, thickness, and presence of olecranon fold. CONCLUSION: As the severity of CET injury increases, damage to the LUCL, RCL, and the presence of effusion in the joint increases. RH plica should be evaluated in terms of concomitant pathology in patients with mild CET injuries on MRI.

An Omitted Radiological finding in the Pediatric Age Group: Physiological Sacroiliac Joint Vacuum Normal Variant.

INTRODUCTION: Gas accumulation in human joint spaces has been generally described as the vacuum phenomenon (VP). To date, the sacroiliac joint VP has been associated mostly with pathological, particularly degenerative conditions (e.g., arthritis, obesity, discal degenerations, fractures, dislocations, avascular necrosis). OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to examine the characteristics of the physiological form of VP and its radiological patterns in a sample of pediatric patients. METHODS: A sample of seventy patients between 0 and 17 years old (mean age, 11.4 ± 5.54) were included in the study. Sample VP cases was evaluated according to types, age group, anatomic localization, gender, and sides. RESULTS: Two (2.9%) of sample children had degenerative VP, with 24 (34.2%) of patients demonstrating physiological VP in the sacroiliac joints. VP rates significantly increased after nine years of age (p < 0.01) and 83% of physiological VP cases were determined to be bilateral. CONCLUSIONS: Although degenerative VP is a rare entity in children, non-pathological VP can be a more common aspect of sacroiliac anatomy. Although sacroiliac VP is frequently an underreported or omitted finding in imaging studies, this condition may be clinically important as a clue for other degenerative diagnoses. Normal variants of VP may be clinically important in children since they may mimic inflammatory and infectious pathologies during magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography images.