Changes in objectively measured physical activity after a multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention in children with abdominal obesity: a randomized control trial.

BACKGROUND: Physical activity (PA) is associated with changes in body composition that affect insulin sensitivity and leptin levels. Few studies have assessed the effect of lifestyle interventions on changes in objectively measured PA levels in obese children. To evaluate the effects of a multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention on anthropometric indices, biochemical parameters and accelerometer measured PA in abdominal obese children. METHODS: A randomized control trial was performed in 106 children and adolescents with abdominal obesity. Participants were randomly assigned to usual or intensive care group for 8-week. PA was measured by accelerometry over four days including, at least, two weekdays in all participants. Both groups were encouraged to accumulate an extra time of 200 min per week in their PA. RESULTS: At baseline, 75% of subjects do not fulfill the WHO recommendation of being more than 60 min/day on moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). The intensive care group achieved a significant reduction in anthropometric indexes compared to the usual care but no significant change was found in biochemical or PA parameters. Both groups achieved a significant reduction in light PA. Interestingly, intensive care participants significantly increased MVPA in 5.5 min/day. Moreover, an inverse association between changes in MVPA and leptin levels was found. CONCLUSION: The two lifestyle intervention reduced anthropometric indexes and lowered light PA in abdominal obese children. No significant differences were observed between intensive care and usual care in regard to PA. Intensive care participants significantly increase physical activity (MVPA) and, changes in MVPA were inversely associated with changes in leptin levels after the intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov , Identifier: NCT03147261 . Registered 10 May 2017. Retrospectively registered.

Guía de actuación en las anomalías de la diferenciación sexual (ADS) / desarrollo sexual diferente (DSD) / Management guidelines for disorders / different sex development (DSD)

Las anomalías de la diferenciación sexual (ADS) engloban un amplio espectro de discordancias entre los criterios cromosómico, gonadal y fenotípico (genital) que definen la diferenciación sexual; actualmente, se aboga por la denominación de «desarrollo sexual diferente» (DSD). Su origen es congénito; se clasifican en función de los cromosomas sexuales presentes en el cariotipo; las causas genéticas conocidas son muy diversas y heterogéneas, aunque algunos casos pueden ser secundarios a factores maternos o medioambientales. Su diagnóstico y tratamiento requieren siempre una atención médica y psicosocial multidisciplinar. El diagnóstico etiológico precisa la interacción entre las exploraciones clínicas, bioquímicas (hormonales), genéticas, de imagen y, eventualmente, quirúrgicas. El tratamiento debe abordar la asignación de género, la posible necesidad de tratamiento hormonal substitutivo (suprarrenal si hay insuficiencia suprarrenal y con esteroides sexuales si hay insuficiencia gonadal a partir de la edad puberal), la necesidad de intervenciones quirúrgicas sobre las estructuras genitales (actualmente se tiende a diferirlas) y/o sobre las gónadas (en función de los riesgos de malignización), la necesidad de apoyo psicosocial y, finalmente, una adecuada programación de la transición a la atención médica en las especialidades de adultos. Las asociaciones de personas afectadas tienen un papel fundamental en el apoyo a familias y la interacción con los medios profesionales y sociales. La utilización de Registros y la colaboración entre profesionales en Grupos de Trabajo de sociedades médicas nacionales e internacionales es fundamental para avanzar en mejorar los medios diagnósticos y terapéuticos que precisan los DSD

Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) include a wide range of anomalies among the chromosomal, gonadal, and phenotypic (genital) characteristics that define sexual differentiation. At present, a definition as Different Sexual Development (DSD) is currently preferred. They originate in the pre-natal stage, are classified according to the sex chromosomes present in the karyotype. The known genetic causes are numerous and heterogeneous, although, in some cases, they may be secondary to maternal factors and/or exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). The diagnosis and treatment of DSD always requires multidisciplinary medical and psychosocial care. An aetiological diagnosis needs the interaction of clinical, biochemical (hormonal), genetic, imaging and, sometimes, surgical examinations. The treatment should deal with sex assignment, the possible need for hormone replacement therapy (adrenal if adrenal function is impaired, and with sex steroids from pubertal age if gonadal function is impaired), as well as the need for surgery on genital structures (currently deferred when possible) and/or on gonads (depending on the risk of malignancy), the need of psychosocial support and, finally, an adequate organisation of the transition to adult medical specialties. Patient Support Groups have a fundamental role in the support of families, as well as the interaction with professional and social media. The use of Registries and the collaboration between professionals in Working Groups of national and international medical societies are crucial for improving the diagnostic and therapeutic tools required for the care of patients with DSD

[Management guidelines for disorders / different sex development (DSD)]. / Guía de actuación en las anomalías de la diferenciación sexual (ADS) / desarrollo sexual diferente (DSD).

Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) include a wide range of anomalies among the chromosomal, gonadal, and phenotypic (genital) characteristics that define sexual differentiation. At present, a definition as Different Sexual Development (DSD) is currently preferred. They originate in the pre-natal stage, are classified according to the sex chromosomes present in the karyotype. The known genetic causes are numerous and heterogeneous, although, in some cases, they may be secondary to maternal factors and/or exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). The diagnosis and treatment of DSD always requires multidisciplinary medical and psychosocial care. An aetiological diagnosis needs the interaction of clinical, biochemical (hormonal), genetic, imaging and, sometimes, surgical examinations. The treatment should deal with sex assignment, the possible need for hormone replacement therapy (adrenal if adrenal function is impaired, and with sex steroids from pubertal age if gonadal function is impaired), as well as the need for surgery on genital structures (currently deferred when possible) and/or on gonads (depending on the risk of malignancy), the need of psychosocial support and, finally, an adequate organisation of the transition to adult medical specialties. Patient Support Groups have a fundamental role in the support of families, as well as the interaction with professional and social media. The use of Registries and the collaboration between professionals in Working Groups of national and international medical societies are crucial for improving the diagnostic and therapeutic tools required for the care of patients with DSD.

BODY COMPOSITION CHANGES DURING A MULTIDISCIPLINARY TREATMENT PROGRAMME IN OVERWEIGHT ADOLESCENTS: EVASYON STUDY.

INTRODUCTION: the main objectives of weight-loss interventions are to decrease fat mass while maintaining fatfree mass. OBJECTIVE: our aim was to address effectiveness body composition changes in overweight adolescents assessed by different body composition methods following an obesity intervention programme. MATERIAL AND METHODS: the life-style intervention was multi-disciplinary, with 13 months follow-up. Participants were 13-to-16 year-old overweight, or obese, Spanish adolescents. The adolescents (n = 156; 54.8% females) had body composition measured with anthropometry, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and air-displacement plethysmography. All measurements were made at baseline, and after 2- and 13-months. Repeated measures analysis of covariance to compare mean anthropometric changes over time and the Bonferroni correction were applied. Imputation of anthropometric measures was performed. RESULTS: a high significant decrease in fat mass index was achieved in males after 2-and 13-months of intervention as measured by anthropometry (1.16 and 1.56 kg / m2, respectively), X-ray absorptiometry (1.51 and 1.91 kg / m2) and plethysmography (2.13 and 2.44 kg/m2). Moreover, a short and long-term maintenance of fat-and fat-free mass index was observed by X-ray absorptiometry in females (0.94 and 0.68 kg/m2). CONCLUSION: our multidisciplinary approach to lifestyle intervention has a favourable impact on body fat mass and fat-free mass index as well as waist-to-height ratio, over 13 months intervention in overweight and obese adolescents.

Introducción: el principal objetivo de las intervenciones de pérdida de peso es disminuir la masa grasa manteniendo la masa libre de grasa. Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad de una intervención multidisciplinar en la composición corporal de adolescentes con sobrepeso, evaluados mediante diferentes métodos de composición corporal. Material y métodos: la intervención fue multidisciplinar sobre el estilo de vida, aplicada durante 13 meses. Los participantes eran adolescentes entre 13 y 16 años con sobrepeso y obesidad. Los adolescentes (n = 156; 54,8% mujeres) fueron evaluados mediante antropometría, absorciometría dual de rayos X y pletismografía por desplazamiento de aire. Todas las mediciones se realizaron al inicio, a los 2 y a los 13 meses. Se aplicaron análisis de la covarianza de medidas repetidas y la corrección de Bonferroni. Se realizó la imputación de las medidas antropométricas. Resultados: se logró una alta disminución significativa en el índice de masa grasa en los hombres después de 2 y 13 meses de intervención, según antropometría (1,16 y 1,56 kg/m2, respectivamente), absorciometría de rayos X (1,51 y 1,91 kg/m2) y pletismografía (2,13 y 2,44 kg/m2). Por otra parte, el mantenimiento a corto y largo plazo de la grasa y libre de grasa en el índice de masa fue observado por absorciometría de rayos X en las mujeres (0,94 y 0,68 kg/m2). Conclusión: la intervención multidisciplinar sobre estilo de vida tiene un impacto favorable en la masa grasa corporal y el índice de masa libre de grasa, así como en la relación cintura-altura, durante 13 meses de intervención en adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad.

Body composition changes during a multidisciplinary treatment programme in overweight adolescents: EVASYON Study / Cambios de composición corporal durante el tratamiento multidisciplinar en adolescentes obesos: estudio EVASYON

Introduction: the main objectives of weight-loss interventions are to decrease fat mass while maintaining fatfree mass. Objective: our aim was to address effectiveness body composition changes in overweight adolescents assessed by different body composition methods following an obesity intervention programme. Material and methods: the life-style intervention was multi-disciplinary, with 13 months follow-up. Participants were 13-to-16 year-old overweight, or obese, Spanish adolescents. The adolescents (n=156; 54.8% females) had body composition measured with anthropometry, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and air-displacement plethysmography. All measurements were made at baseline, and after 2- and 13-months. Repeated measures analysis of covariance to compare mean anthropometric changes over time and the Bonferroni correction were applied. Imputation of anthropometric measures was performed. Results: a high significant decrease in fat mass index was achieved in males after 2-and 13-months of intervention as measured by anthropometry (1.16 and 1.56 kg/m2, respectively), X-ray absorptiometry (1.51 and 1.91 kg/m2) and plethysmography (2.13 and 2.44 kg/m2). Moreover, a short and long-term maintenance of fat-and fat-free mass index was observed by X-ray absorptiometry in females (0.94 and 0.68 kg/m2). Conclusion: our multidisciplinary approach to lifestyle intervention has a favourable impact on body fat mass and fat-free mass index as well as waist-to-height ratio, over 13 months intervention in overweight and obese adolescents (AU)

Introducción: el principal objetivo de las intervenciones de pérdida de peso es disminuir la masa grasa manteniendo la masa libre de grasa. Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad de una intervención multidisciplinar en la composición corporal de adolescentes con sobrepeso, evaluados mediante diferentes métodos de composición corporal. Material y métodos: la intervención fue multidisciplinar sobre el estilo de vida, aplicada durante 13 meses. Los participantes eran adolescentes entre 13 y 16 años con sobrepeso y obesidad. Los adolescentes (n=156; 54,8% mujeres) fueron evaluados mediante antropometría, absorciometría dual de rayos X y pletismografía por desplazamiento de aire. Todas las mediciones se realizaron al inicio, a los 2 y a los 13 meses. Se aplicaron análisis de la covarianza de medidas repetidas y la corrección de Bonferroni. Se realizó la imputación de las medidas antropométricas. Resultados: se logró una alta disminución significativa en el índice de masa grasa en los hombres después de 2 y 13 meses de intervención, según antropometría (1,16 y 1,56 kg/m2, respectivamente), absorciometría de rayos X (1,51 y 1,91 kg/m2) y pletismografía (2,13 y 2,44 kg/m2). Por otra parte, el mantenimiento a corto y largo plazo de la grasa y libre de grasa en el índice de masa fue observado por absorciometría de rayos X en las mujeres (0,94 y 0,68 kg/m2). Conclusión: la intervención multidisciplinar sobre estilo de vida tiene un impacto favorable en la masa grasa corporal y el índice de masa libre de grasa, así como en la relación cintura-altura, durante 13 meses de intervención en adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad (AU)

[Study of prevalence and association between asthma symptoms and obesity in the pediatric population of Pamplona]. / Estudio de prevalencia y asociación entre síntomas de asma y obesidad en la población pediátrica de Pamplona.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of asthma symptoms and overweight-obese in children aged 6-7 years and adolescents aged 13-14 years within the metropolitan area of Pamplona, and analyse the risk of asthma within the age groups and the influences if sex on this relationship. METHODS: The study is based on data of asthma symptoms and body mass index of 4,413 children and adolescents obtained from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies phase III questionnaire. Unconditional logistic regression was used to obtain adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for overweight-obesity and asthma symptoms in both groups, taking as reference the group of normal weight. Afterwards, it was stratified by sex. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight-obesity in the group aged 6-7 years was 23.9% and in the group of teenagers was 11.5%. The prevalence of asthma symptoms in both age groups was lower than the Spanish average. The obese children aged 6-7 years had a higher risk of asthma symptoms. When it was stratified by sex, an increased risk in all asthma symptoms was observed only in obese girls. No relationship between obesity and asthma was observed n the adolescents group. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity in children is related to asthma symptoms. Obese girls have an increased risk and more severe asthma symptoms than boys.

Objetivos: El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la prevalencia de síntomas de asma y de sobrepeso-obesidad de niños de 6-7años y adolescentes de 13-14 años del área metropolitana de Pamplona, así como analizar si los niños-adolescentes con sobrepeso u obesidad presentan un mayor riesgo de padecer asma y si el sexo modifica esta relación. Métodos: Los datos de síntomas de asma e índice de masa corporal (IMC) de 4.413 niños y adolescentes se obtuvieron del cuestionario International Study of Allergies and Asthma fase III. Se realizó regresión logística no condicional para obtener las odds ratios ajustadas (OR) y los intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC del 95 %) para sobrepeso-obesidad y síntomas de asma en ambos grupos, tomando como referencia el grupo de normopeso. Posteriormente se estratifico por sexo. Resultados: la prevalencia de sobrepeso-obesidad en el grupo de 6-7 años fue de 23,9% y en el grupo de adolescentes de 11,5%. La prevalencia de síntomas de asma en ambos grupos de edad fue inferior a la media española. Los niños de 6-7 años obesos presentaron mayor riesgo de síntomas de asma. Al estratificar por sexo, se observó un aumento de riesgo en todos los síntomas de asma solo en niñas obesas. En el grupo de adolescentes no se observó relación entre obesidad y asma. Conclusiones: La obesidad en niños esta relacionada con los síntomas de asma. Las niñas obesas presentan un mayor riesgo y mayor gravedad de síntomas de asma que los niños.

Estudio de prevalencia y asociación entre síntomas de asma y obesidad en la población pediátrica de Pamplona / Study of prevalence and association between asthma symptoms and obesity in the pediatric population of Pamplona

Objetivos: El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la prevalencia de síntomas de asma y de sobrepeso-obesidad de niños de 6-7años y adolescentes de 13-14 años del área metropolitana de Pamplona, así como analizar si los niños-adolescentes con sobrepeso u obesidad presentan un mayor riesgo de padecer asma y si el sexo modifica esta relación. Métodos: Los datos de síntomas de asma e índice de masa corporal (IMC) de 4.413 niños y adolescentes se obtuvieron del cuestionario International Study of Allergies and Asthma fase III. Se realizó regresión logística no condicional para obtener las odds ratios ajustadas (OR) y los intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC del 95 %) para sobrepeso-obesidad y síntomas de asma en ambos grupos, tomando como referencia el grupo de normopeso. Posteriormente se estratifico por sexo. Resultados: la prevalencia de sobrepeso-obesidad en el grupo de 6-7 años fue de 23,9% y en el grupo de adolescentes de 11,5%. La prevalencia de síntomas de asma en ambos grupos de edad fue inferior a la media española. Los niños de 6-7 años obesos presentaron mayor riesgo de síntomas de asma. Al estratificar por sexo, se observó un aumento de riesgo en todos los síntomas de asma solo en niñas obesas. En el grupo de adolescentes no se observó relación entre obesidad y asma. Conclusiones: La obesidad en niños está relacionada con los síntomas de asma. Las niñas obesas presentan un mayor riesgo y mayor gravedad de síntomas de asma que los niños (AU)

Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of asthma symptoms and overweight-obese in children aged 6-7years and adolescents aged 13-14 years within the metropolitan area of Pamplona, and analyse the risk of asthma within the age groups and the influences if sex on this relationship Methods: The study is based on data of asthma symptoms and body mass index of 4,413 children and adolescents obtained from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies phase III questionnaire. Unconditional logistic regression was used to obtain adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for overweight-obesity and asthma symptoms in both groups, taking as reference the group of normal weight. Afterwards, it was stratified by sex. Results: The prevalence of overweight-obesity in the group aged 6-7 years was 23.9% and in the group of teenagers was 11.5%. The prevalence of asthma symptoms in both age groups was lower than the Spanish average. The obese children aged 6-7 years had a higher risk of asthma symptoms. When it was stratified by sex, an increased risk in all asthma symptoms was observed only in obese girls. No relationship between obesity and asthma was observed n the adolescents group. Conclusions: Obesity in children is related to asthma symptoms. Obese girls have an increased risk and more severe asthma symptoms than boys (AU)

Percepción de padres e hijos de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de niños según el estado ponderal en Navarra, España / Parent and child perception about the health related quality of life by weight status at Navarra, Spain

Introducción. El sobrepeso-obesidad, una enfermedad endémica en los países desarrollados, puede conllevar repercusiones físicas y psicosociales que deterioran la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS). Existen aspectos que pueden ser informados por los padres y otros en los que cobra mayor relevancia la visión subjetiva del paciente. El objetivo fue evaluar la concordancia de percepción entre padres e hijos de la CVRS de niños de 7 a 11 años, según su estado ponderal. Población y métodos. Estudio transversal de parejas de niños y sus padres. Evaluación de la CVRS mediante los cuestionarios CHIP-Child Edition para niños y CHIP-Parent Report Form para padres. Evaluación de la concordancia mediante coefcientes de correlación interclase (CCI) y diagramas de dispersión. Resultados. Ciento cincuenta y dos parejas de padres-hijos, 55,3% de los niños eran normoponderales y 44,7% tenían sobrepeso-obesidad, sin diferencias en las características sociodemográficas. Los niños no reflejaron diferencias significativas según su estado ponderal. La concordancia padres-hijos fue media-baja (CCI <0,6) en la mayoría de las dimensiones, tanto en la muestra general como al segmentarla según el estado ponderal. En la dimensión "bienestar", el CCI fue superior (0,73) en el grupo sobrepeso-obesidad. En la percepción de los padres, la CVRS de los niños con sobrepeso-obesidad fue signifcativamente menor en satisfacción con la salud, bienestar físico y relación con los pares. Conclusiones. La concordancia entre padres e hijos en la percepción de la CVRS, según el estado ponderal de los niños, fue media-baja, pero sin diferencias signifcativas. La percepción de los padres fue signifcativamente de menor CVRS en los niños con sobrepeso-obesidad.

Introduction. Overweight-obesity, an endemic disease in developed countries, can lead to physical and psychosocial consequences that impair health-related quality of life (HRQoL). There are some aspects which can be reported by parents, but for others, the patient's subjective point of view is more relevant. The objective of this study was to assess the agreement between the perception of parents and children regarding the HRQoL of 7-11 year old children as per their weight status. Population and Methods. Cross-sectional study of parent and child dyads. HRQoL assessment using the CHIP-Child Edition questionnaire for children and the CHIP-Parent Report Form for parents. Agreement was assessed using intraclass correlation coeffcients (ICC) and dispersion plots. Results. A total of 152 parent-child dyads were assessed; 55.3% of children had a normal weight, and 44.7% were overweight-obese, with no differences observed in sociodemographic characteristics. Children did not show signifcant differences as per their weight status. Agreement between parents and children was medium-low (ICC < 0.6) in most domains, in the overall sample and when the sample was divided by weight status. The Comfort domain had a higher ICC (0.73) in the overweight-obese group. As per parents' perception, the HRQoL of overweight-obese children was signifcantly lower in terms of health satisfaction, physical comfort and peer relations. Conclusions. Agreement between parents and children in their perception of HRQoL as per the children's weight status was medium-low, without any signifcant differences. Parents' perceived that overweight-obese children had a signifcantly lower HRQoL.

Percepción de padres e hijos de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de niños según el estado ponderal en Navarra, España / Parent and child perception about the health related quality of life by weight status at Navarra, Spain

Introducción. El sobrepeso-obesidad, una enfermedad endémica en los países desarrollados, puede conllevar repercusiones físicas y psicosociales que deterioran la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS). Existen aspectos que pueden ser informados por los padres y otros en los que cobra mayor relevancia la visión subjetiva del paciente. El objetivo fue evaluar la concordancia de percepción entre padres e hijos de la CVRS de niños de 7 a 11 años, según su estado ponderal. Población y métodos. Estudio transversal de parejas de niños y sus padres. Evaluación de la CVRS mediante los cuestionarios CHIP-Child Edition para niños y CHIP-Parent Report Form para padres. Evaluación de la concordancia mediante coefcientes de correlación interclase (CCI) y diagramas de dispersión. Resultados. Ciento cincuenta y dos parejas de padres-hijos, 55,3% de los niños eran normoponderales y 44,7% tenían sobrepeso-obesidad, sin diferencias en las características sociodemográficas. Los niños no reflejaron diferencias significativas según su estado ponderal. La concordancia padres-hijos fue media-baja (CCI <0,6) en la mayoría de las dimensiones, tanto en la muestra general como al segmentarla según el estado ponderal. En la dimensión "bienestar", el CCI fue superior (0,73) en el grupo sobrepeso-obesidad. En la percepción de los padres, la CVRS de los niños con sobrepeso-obesidad fue signifcativamente menor en satisfacción con la salud, bienestar físico y relación con los pares. Conclusiones. La concordancia entre padres e hijos en la percepción de la CVRS, según el estado ponderal de los niños, fue media-baja, pero sin diferencias signifcativas. La percepción de los padres fue signifcativamente de menor CVRS en los niños con sobrepeso-obesidad.(AU)

Introduction. Overweight-obesity, an endemic disease in developed countries, can lead to physical and psychosocial consequences that impair health-related quality of life (HRQoL). There are some aspects which can be reported by parents, but for others, the patients subjective point of view is more relevant. The objective of this study was to assess the agreement between the perception of parents and children regarding the HRQoL of 7-11 year old children as per their weight status. Population and Methods. Cross-sectional study of parent and child dyads. HRQoL assessment using the CHIP-Child Edition questionnaire for children and the CHIP-Parent Report Form for parents. Agreement was assessed using intraclass correlation coeffcients (ICC) and dispersion plots. Results. A total of 152 parent-child dyads were assessed; 55.3% of children had a normal weight, and 44.7% were overweight-obese, with no differences observed in sociodemographic characteristics. Children did not show signifcant differences as per their weight status. Agreement between parents and children was medium-low (ICC < 0.6) in most domains, in the overall sample and when the sample was divided by weight status. The Comfort domain had a higher ICC (0.73) in the overweight-obese group. As per parents perception, the HRQoL of overweight-obese children was signifcantly lower in terms of health satisfaction, physical comfort and peer relations. Conclusions. Agreement between parents and children in their perception of HRQoL as per the childrens weight status was medium-low, without any signifcant differences. Parents perceived that overweight-obese children had a signifcantly lower HRQoL.(AU)

Parent and child perception about the health related quality of life by weight status at Navarra, Spain.

INTRODUCTION: Overweight-obesity, an endemic disease in developed countries, can lead to physical and psychosocial consequences that impair health-related quality of life (HRQoL). There are some aspects which can be reported by parents, but for others, the patient's subjective point of view is more relevant. The objective of this study was to assess the agreement between the perception of parents and children regarding the HRQoL of 7-11 year old children as per their weight status. POPULATION AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study of parent and child dyads. HRQoL assessment using the CHIP-Child Edition questionnaire for children and the CHIP-Parent Report Form for parents. Agreement was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and dispersion plots. RESULTS: A total of 152 parent-child dyads were assessed; 55.3% of children had a normal weight, and 44.7% were overweight-obese, with no differences observed in sociodemographic characteristics. Children did not show significant differences as per their weight status. Agreement between parents and children was medium-low (ICC < 0.6) in most domains, in the overall sample and when the sample was divided by weight status. The Comfort domain had a higher ICC (0.73) in the overweight-obese group. As per parents' perception, the HRQoL of overweight-obese children was significantly lower in terms of health satisfaction, physical comfort and peer relations. CONCLUSIONS: Agreement between parents and children in their perception of HRQoL as per the children's weight status was medium-low, without any significant differences. Parents' perceived that overweight-obese children had a significantly lower HRQoL.

Ingesta de yodo durante el embarazo: efectos en la función tiroidea materna y neonatal / Iodine intake during pregnancy: Effects on thyroid function in mother and child

Introduction Recent studies in Spain have shown an inadequate iodine intake in a significant proportion of pregnant women. Pregnancy increases thyroid hormone requirements, and adequate iodine intake is therefore needed. Material and methods One hundred and forty-seven women in their third trimester (week 37) of pregnancy provided a blood sample and a 24-hour urine sample to test serum and urine iodine levels and completed a food frequency questionnaire to assess iodine intake during pregnancy. Serum TSH levels were measured in the babies born to the 140 mothers in the postpartum group. Results Only 10.9% of pregnant women consumed more than 250 μg iodine daily, and 24.4% of them consumed less than 100 μg daily. Mean free T4 levels were 9.37 pmol/L, and 74 women (54.41%) had levels below the hypothyroxinemia threshold. TSH levels were normal in 135 newborns (96.4%), while 5 (3.6%) had levels higher than 5 μU/mL (AU)

Introducción En España, estudios recientes han demostrado que existe una ingesta insuficiente de yodo en un porcentaje importante de mujeres embarazadas. El embarazo supone un aumento en los requerimientos de hormonas tiroideas, para lo que es necesaria una ingesta de yodo adecuada. Material y métodos Se reclutó una muestra de 147 gestantes en el tercer trimestre de embarazo en las que se determinó la ingesta de yodo, la yoduria y la función tiroidea. Las concentraciones de TSH se determinaron en los 140 recién nacidos hijos de dichas mujeres. Resultados Solo el 10,9% de las gestantes consumen más de 250 μg de yodo diarios. La media de T4 libre fue de 9,37 pmol/L y 74 mujeres (54,41%) presentaban valores por debajo del umbral de hipotiroxinemia. Las concentraciones de TSH fueron normales en 135 recién nacidos (96,4%), mientras que en 5 (3,6%) se observaron concentraciones de TSH superiores a 5 μU/mL (AU)

[Iodine intake during pregnancy: effects on thyroid function in mother and child]. / Ingesta de yodo durante el embarazo: efectos en la función tiroidea materna y neonatal.

INTRODUCTION: Recent studies in Spain have shown an inadequate iodine intake in a significant proportion of pregnant women. Pregnancy increases thyroid hormone requirements, and adequate iodine intake is therefore needed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and forty-seven women in their third trimester (week 37) of pregnancy provided a blood sample and a 24-hour urine sample to test serum and urine iodine levels and completed a food frequency questionnaire to assess iodine intake during pregnancy. Serum TSH levels were measured in the babies born to the 140 mothers in the postpartum group. RESULTS: Only 10.9% of pregnant women consumed more than 250 µg iodine daily, and 24.4% of them consumed less than 100 µg daily. Mean free T4 levels were 9.37 pmol/L, and 74 women (54.41%) had levels below the hypothyroxinemia threshold. TSH levels were normal in 135 newborns (96.4%), while 5 (3.6%) had levels higher than 5 µU/mL.

Parent and child perception about the health related quality of life by weight status at Navarra, Spain. / Parent and child perception about the health related quality of life by weight status at Navarra, Spain.

INTRODUCTION: Overweight-obesity, an endemic disease in developed countries, can lead to physical and psychosocial consequences that impair health-related quality of life (HRQoL). There are some aspects which can be reported by parents, but for others, the patients subjective point of view is more relevant. The objective of this study was to assess the agreement between the perception of parents and children regarding the HRQoL of 7-11 year old children as per their weight status. POPULATION AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study of parent and child dyads. HRQoL assessment using the CHIP-Child Edition questionnaire for children and the CHIP-Parent Report Form for parents. Agreement was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and dispersion plots. RESULTS: A total of 152 parent-child dyads were assessed; 55.3

of children had a normal weight, and 44.7

were overweight-obese, with no differences observed in sociodemographic characteristics. Children did not show significant differences as per their weight status. Agreement between parents and children was medium-low (ICC < 0.6) in most domains, in the overall sample and when the sample was divided by weight status. The Comfort domain had a higher ICC (0.73) in the overweight-obese group. As per parents perception, the HRQoL of overweight-obese children was significantly lower in terms of health satisfaction, physical comfort and peer relations. CONCLUSIONS: Agreement between parents and children in their perception of HRQoL as per the childrens weight status was medium-low, without any significant differences. Parents perceived that overweight-obese children had a significantly lower HRQoL.

Hypothyroxinemia during pregnancy: the effect on neurodevelopment in the child.

CONTEXT: Experimental studies have shown that maternal hypothyroxinemia during early pregnancy is associated with poor neurodevelopment in affected offspring. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of maternal serum free T4 on psychomotor development of offspring. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 147 women in the third trimester (week 37) of pregnancy. TSH and free T4 serum levels were measured at 37 week gestation. The children were evaluated between 38 and 60 months of age by the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities. RESULTS: 54.4% of the women had a free T4 below the threshold of hypothyroxinemia. We find a significant effect of maternal hypothyroxinemia on the general cognitive index, and on perceptual-manipulative and memory coefficients.