Effect of pretreatment with an Er:YAG laser and fluoride on the prevention of dental enamel erosion.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Er:YAG laser and its association with fluoride (1.23% acidulate phosphate fluoride gel) on the prevention of enamel erosion. Sixty specimens were obtained from bovine enamel (4 × 4 mm), which were ground flat, polished, and randomly divided into five groups according to the preventive treatments: control-fluoride application; L--Er:YAG laser; L+F--laser + fluoride; F+L--fluoride + laser; L/F--laser/fluoride simultaneously. Half of the enamel surface was covered with nail varnish (control area), and the other half was pretreated with one of the preventive strategies to subsequently be submitted to erosive challenge. When the laser was applied, it was irradiated for 10 s with a focal length of 4 mm and 60 mJ/2 Hz. Fluoride gel was applied for 4 min. Each specimen was individually exposed to regular Coca-Cola® for 1 min, four times/day, for 5 days. Wear analysis was performed with a profilometer, and demineralization was assessed with an optical microscope. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test (wear)/Dunn test and ANOVA/Fisher's exact tests. The group L/F was similar to control group. The other groups showed higher wear, which did not present differences among them. In the demineralization assessment, the groups F+L and L/F showed lower demineralization in relation to the other groups. It can be concluded that none preventive method was able to inhibit dental wear. The treatments L/F and F+L showed lower enamel demineralization.

Effect of Nd:YAG laser combined with fluoride on the prevention of primary tooth enamel demineralization.

Most studies dealing with the caries preventive action of Nd:YAG laser have been done in permanent teeth and studies on primary teeth are still lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effect of Nd:YAG laser combined or not with fluoride sources on the acid resistance of primary tooth enamel after artificial caries induction by assessing longitudinal microhardness and demineralization depth. Sixty enamel blocks obtained from the buccal/lingual surface of exfoliated human primary molars were coated with nail polish/wax, leaving only a 9 mm² area exposed on the outer enamel surface, and randomly assigned to 6 groups (n=10) according to the type of treatment: C-control (no treatment); APF: 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride gel; FV: 5% fluoride varnish; L: Nd:YAG laser 0.5 W/10 Hz in contact mode; APFL: fluoride gel + laser; FVL: fluoride varnish + laser. After treatment, the specimens were subjected to a des-remineralization cycle for induction of artificial caries lesions. Longitudinal microhardness data (%LMC) were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test and demineralization depth data were analyzed by oneway ANOVA and Fisher's LSD test (á=0.05). APFL and APF groups presented the lowest percentage of microhardness change (p<0.05). Demineralization depth was smaller in all treated groups compared with the untreated control. In conclusion, Nd:YAG laser combined or not with fluoride gel/varnish was not more effective than fluoride alone to prevent enamel demineralization within the experimental period.

Effect of Nd:YAG laser combined with fluoride on the prevention of primary tooth enamel demineralization

Most studies dealing with the caries preventive action of Nd:YAG laser have been done in permanent teeth and studies on primary teeth are still lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effect of Nd:YAG laser combined or not with fluoride sources on the acid resistance of primary tooth enamel after artificial caries induction by assessing longitudinal microhardness and demineralization depth. Sixty enamel blocks obtained from the buccal/lingual surface of exfoliated human primary molars were coated with nail polish/wax, leaving only a 9 mm² area exposed on the outer enamel surface, and randomly assigned to 6 groups (n=10) according to the type of treatment: C-control (no treatment); APF: 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride gel; FV: 5% fluoride varnish; L: Nd:YAG laser 0.5 W/10 Hz in contact mode; APFL: fluoride gel + laser; FVL: fluoride varnish + laser. After treatment, the specimens were subjected to a des-remineralization cycle for induction of artificial caries lesions. Longitudinal microhardness data (%LMC) were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test and demineralization depth data were analyzed by oneway ANOVA and Fisher’s LSD test (á=0.05). APFL and APF groups presented the lowest percentage of microhardness change (p<0.05). Demineralization depth was smaller in all treated groups compared with the untreated control. In conclusion, Nd:YAG laser combined or not with fluoride gel/varnish was not more effective than fluoride alone to prevent enamel demineralization within the experimental period.

A maioria dos estudos que utilizam o laser Nd:YAG com ação preventiva são em dentes permanentes, e são escassos os estudos em dentes decíduos. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar in vitro o efeito do laser Nd: YAG combinado ou não com flúor na resistência ácida do esmalte decíduo após a indução de cárie artificial, através da avaliação de microdureza longitudinal e profundidade da desmineralização. Para tanto, foram selecionados 60 fragmentos de esmalte obtidos a partir da superfície bucal / lingual de molares decíduos irrompidos, os quais foram isolados com esmalte de unha e cera, deixando uma área exposta de 9 mm² na superfície do esmalte. Os espécimes foram divididos aleatoriamente em 6 grupos (n = 10) de acordo com o tipo de tratamento: C- Controle: sem tratamento; APF: aplicação de gel flúor fosfato acidulado 1,23%; FV: aplicação de verniz fluoretado 5%; L: aplicação do Laser Nd:YAG 0,5 W/10 Hz no modo contato; APFL: aplicação de gel flúor fosfato acidulado + Laser Nd:YAG; FVL: aplicação de verniz fluoretado 5% + Laser Nd:YAG. Após os tratamentos, os espécimes foram submetidos a um ciclo de desremineralização para a indução de lesão de cárie artificial. Os dados de microdureza longitudinal (%LMC) foram avaliados pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis e os dados de profundidade da desmineralização foram avaliados pelos testes ANOVA e Fisher’s LSD (α=5%). Observou-se que os grupos APFL e APF apresentaram menor percentual de perda de dureza (p<0,05). A profundidade de desmineralização foi menor em todos os grupos tratados em comparação com o controle. Em conclusão, o laser Nd: YAG associado ou não com flúor/verniz não foi mais efetivo do que o flúor sozinho para prevenir a desmineralização do esmalte durante o período experimental.

Dental Findings and Management in a Mucopolysaccharidosis Type IIIB Patient.

Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB (MPS IIIB) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme a-N-acetylglucosaminidase. Affected subjects present developmental delay, attention deficit disorder, uncontrollable hyperactivity, and aggressive behavior, followed by progressive dementia and death in late adolescence. The purpose of this paper is to report the dental findings and treatment in a child with MPS IIIB. His primary molars and permanent mandibular incisors presented obliterated pulp chambers and root canals, which may be a clinical manifestation of this disorder.

Integração entre ortodontia e periodontia no tratamento de retração gengival em dente incisivo inferior extruído / Integrating Orthodontics and Periodontics in the treatment of gingival recession in extruded mandibular incisor teeth

Embora diversas técnicas cirúrgicas estejam disponíveis para o tratamento de retrações gengivais, a taxa de sucesso ainda é variável devido aos diversos níveis de gravidade desta condição gengival. Desta forma, recobrimento radicular parcial é esperado em dentes que apresentam alterações de posicionamento, tais como giroversões e extrusões, sendo aceitos como desafios para periodontistas. No entanto, o tratamento ortodôntico pode ser utilizado para corrigir o posicionamento dentário, facilitando e aumentando a previsibilidade do recobrimento radicular. O objetivo deste relato de caso foi demonstrar o recobrimento radicular completo obtido em incisivo inferior extruído, através da integração entre Ortodontia e Periodontia.