Clinical usefulness of the patient-generated subjective global assessment short form© for nutritional screening in patients with head and neck cancer: a multicentric study.

Nutritional screening and assessment are considered essential steps in nutritional care for cancer patients, malnutrition remains underreported in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to analyse the clinical usefulness of the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment short form (PG-SGA SF©) for nutritional screening in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). This is a multicentre, cross-sectional study involving patients with HNC. The final score of the PG-SGA SF© was obtained and the nutritional status was diagnosed using the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA)®, classifying them as well-nourished or malnourished. Receiver operating characteristic curve, ordinal logistic regression, and C-statistic were used. In total, 353 patients with HNC were enrolled and the prevalence of malnutrition, according to the PG-SGA®, was 64.02% and the median final score of PG-SGA SF© was 11 points. The final score of the PG-SGA SF© had high accuracy (area under the curve = 0.915), and scores ≥9 had the best performance in diagnosing malnutrition. PG-SGA SF© final score ≥9 was associated with malnutrition (odds ratio = 28.32, 95% confidence interval= 15.98-50.17), with excellent discriminatory power (C-statistic = 0.872). In conclusion, the PG-SGA SF© demonstrated excellent performance for nutritional screening in patients with HNC. Given that it is a simple instrument that is faster to administer than the PG-SGA®, we recommend its use in clinical practice among such patients.

Environmental assessment of sewage contamination in the surroundings of a marine outfall combining human mastadenovirus and fecal indicator bacteria.

This study assessed the microbiological contamination of the marine area of a metropolitan region, where a marine outfall is used as a sanitary solution for domestic sewage. For human mastadenovirus (HAdV) quantification 134 water samples were concentrated by skimmed milk flocculation method and analyzed with qPCR and PMAxx-qPCR, being the latter to assess the capsid integrity viral. HAdV with intact capsids were detected in 10 % (16/102) of samples classified as suitable for bathing using at least one fecal bacterial indicator. Spatial analysis of the results showed that the drainage channels of the basin that flow into the sea are the main sources of microbiological contamination in the foreshore zone, where intact HAdV reached a concentration of up to 3 log genomic copies/L. HAdV serotypes A12, D, F40 and F41 were characterized. Our results suggest the use of intact HAdV as a complementary parameter to assess the quality of recreational waters.

Mobile thrombus of the abdominal aorta: a narrative review.

A primary aortic mural thrombus (PAMT) is defined as a thrombus attached to the aortic wall in the absence of any atherosclerotic or aneurysmal disease of the aorta or any cardiac source of embolus. It is a rare entity that has high morbidity and mortality. There is no consensus on the ideal treatment of PAMT. The objective of this paper is to review the possibilities for treatment of mobile abdominal aortic mural thrombus. Endovascular therapy and open surgery appear to be the best options for treatment of mobile abdominal aortic mural thrombus. Thus, in patients with favorable anatomy, endovascular therapy is probably the treatment choice, while in those with unfavorable anatomy, open surgery is probably the best option for treatment of a mobile abdominal aortic thrombus. It is important to emphasize that anticoagulation alone can be used as a non-aggressive option and, if this fails, endovascular or surgical methods can then be employed.

O trombo mural aórtico primário é definido como um trombo aderido à parede aórtica na ausência de doença aterosclerótica e/ou aneurismática ou de fonte cardíaca de êmbolo. Trata-se de uma doença rara, porém causadora de alta morbimortalidade, e não há consenso acerca do seu tratamento. Este estudo objetivou revisar as possibilidades na presença de componente móvel. A terapia endovascular e a cirurgia aberta parecem ser as melhores opções, sendo a abordagem endovascular o tratamento de escolha para pacientes com anatomia favorável e a cirurgia aberta o tratamento de escolha para pacientes com anatomia desfavorável. No entanto, a anticoagulação sistêmica apresenta-se como método não invasivo para pacientes com alto risco cirúrgico e como possibilidade terapêutica na falha ou indisponibilidade de abordagem cirúrgica.

Disinfectant effects of Brazilian green propolis alcohol solutions on the Staphylococcus aureus biofilm of maxillofacial prosthesis polymers.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Brazilian green propolis may be an alternative product that reduces the development of a microbial biofilm on the polymers used for maxillofacial prostheses. However, its effects as a disinfectant have not been fully established. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effects of Brazilian green propolis alcohol solutions against the Staphylococcus aureus biofilm on polymers used in maxillofacial prostheses, the maxillofacial silicone elastomer (MDX4-4210), and specific acrylic resins for ocular prostheses. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 324 disk-shaped specimens (3×10 mm) of each material were fabricated. All specimens were contaminated with S. aureus (108 cells/mL) to assess the antibiofilm activity of immersion solutions and protocols. Thus, 162 specimens of each material were randomly distributed and equally divided into 5 groups of disinfectants and 1 control group: 3 separate groups of 2.5%, 5%, and 10% propolis alcohol solutions, 1 group of 5% propolis alcohol gel, a positive control group of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate, and a negative control group of distilled water. Specimens (n=9) were disinfected by immersion for 5, 10, and 15 minutes and immersed in culture medium for 24 hours. Any notable turgescence in the final medium was considered indicative of a biofilm. The effects of disinfectants were analyzed by a turbidity assay and by scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed descriptively. RESULTS: The final medium with specimens disinfected with 10% propolis alcohol solution showed no turbidity, indicating constant efficacy against the S. aureus biofilm. Similarly, these findings were observed in the 2% chlorhexidine gluconate group. Scanning electron microscopy images demonstrated that the surface of the polymers treated with 10% propolis alcohol solution did not show bacterial colonies. CONCLUSIONS: Disinfection with 10% green propolis alcohol solution was effective in eliminating the S. aureus biofilm from specimens of maxillofacial elastomer and N1 acrylic resin specific to ocular prostheses by immersion for 5 minutes.

Ouabain-Na+/K+-ATPase Signaling Regulates Retinal Neuroinflammation and ROS Production Preventing Neuronal Death by an Autophagy-Dependent Mechanism Following Optic Nerve Axotomy In Vitro.

Ouabain is a classic Na+K+ATPase ligand and it has been described to have neuroprotective effects on neurons and glial cells at nanomolar concentrations. In the present work, the neuroprotective and immunomodulatory potential of ouabain was evaluated in neonatal rat retinal cells using an optic nerve axotomy model in vitro. After axotomy, cultured retinal cells were treated with ouabain (3 nM) at different periods. The levels of important inflammatory receptors in the retina such as TNFR1/2, TLR4, and CD14 were analyzed. We observed that TNFR1, TLR4, and CD14 were decreased in all tested periods (15 min, 45 min, 24 h, and 48 h). On the other hand, TNFR2 was increased after 24 h, suggesting an anti-inflammatory potential for ouabain. Moreover, we showed that ouabain also decreased Iba-1 (microglial marker) density. Subsequently, analyses of retrograde labeling of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) were performed after 48 h and showed that ouabain-induced RGC survival depends on autophagy. Using an autophagy inhibitor (3-methyladenine), we observed a complete blockage of the ouabain effect. Western blot analyses showed that ouabain increases the levels of autophagy proteins (LC3 and Beclin-1) coupled to p-CREB transcription factor and leads to autophagosome formation. Additionally, we found that the ratio of cleaved/pro-caspase-3 did not change after ouabain treatment; however, p-JNK density was enhanced. Also, ouabain decreased reactive oxygen species production immediately after axotomy. Taken together, our results suggest that ouabain controls neuroinflammation in the retina following optic nerve axotomy and promotes RGC neuroprotection through activation of the autophagy pathway.

Mobile thrombus of the abdominal aorta: a narrative review / Trombo móvel de aorta abdominal: uma revisão narrativa

Abstract A primary aortic mural thrombus (PAMT) is defined as a thrombus attached to the aortic wall in the absence of any atherosclerotic or aneurysmal disease of the aorta or any cardiac source of embolus. It is a rare entity that has high morbidity and mortality. There is no consensus on the ideal treatment of PAMT. The objective of this paper is to review the possibilities for treatment of mobile abdominal aortic mural thrombus. Endovascular therapy and open surgery appear to be the best options for treatment of mobile abdominal aortic mural thrombus. Thus, in patients with favorable anatomy, endovascular therapy is probably the treatment choice, while in those with unfavorable anatomy, open surgery is probably the best option for treatment of a mobile abdominal aortic thrombus. It is important to emphasize that anticoagulation alone can be used as a non-aggressive option and, if this fails, endovascular or surgical methods can then be employed.

Resumo O trombo mural aórtico primário é definido como um trombo aderido à parede aórtica na ausência de doença aterosclerótica e/ou aneurismática ou de fonte cardíaca de êmbolo. Trata-se de uma doença rara, porém causadora de alta morbimortalidade, e não há consenso acerca do seu tratamento. Este estudo objetivou revisar as possibilidades na presença de componente móvel. A terapia endovascular e a cirurgia aberta parecem ser as melhores opções, sendo a abordagem endovascular o tratamento de escolha para pacientes com anatomia favorável e a cirurgia aberta o tratamento de escolha para pacientes com anatomia desfavorável. No entanto, a anticoagulação sistêmica apresenta-se como método não invasivo para pacientes com alto risco cirúrgico e como possibilidade terapêutica na falha ou indisponibilidade de abordagem cirúrgica.

Conhecimento, recomendação e uso de mindfulness por psicólogos clínicos brasileiros / Knowledge, recommendation and use of mindfulness by brazilian clinical psychologists / Conocimiento, recomendación y uso de mindfulness por psicólogos clínicos brasileños

Mindfulness tem se tornado popular na comunidade psicoterapêutica e, também, entre clientes em busca de alívio para seu sofrimento. Contudo, pouco se conhece sobre como mindfulness tem sido integrado à psicoterapia, especialmente no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e caracterizar conhecimento, recomendação, uso clínico e pessoal de mindfulness por psicólogos clínicos brasileiros. Os dados foram obtidos utilizando levantamento quantitativo nacional, realizado com 417 psicólogos clínicos habilitados. O instrumento utilizado foi um questionário estruturado online, desenvolvido e testado para este estudo. Os resultados foram analisados descritivamente por meio de frequências; para a associação entre categorias de respostas utilizou-se teste exato de Fisher e nível de significância p < 0,05. Os resultados indicaram que a maior parte dos psicólogos (65,23%) relatou nenhum ou pouco conhecimento de mindfulness; quase metade (47,96%) já recomendou a seus clientes; cerca de um terço (31,18%) já aplicou na clínica, predominando o uso de técnicas isoladas com clientes individualmente; e cerca de um quarto dos profissionais (25,37%) pratica mindfulness a nível pessoal. Estes dados sugerem que o uso de mindfulness na clínica tem se distanciado do formato baseado em evidência - programas baseados em mindfulness -, cuja eficácia já foi verificada. Espera-se que os resultados contribuam para a reflexão acerca da capacitação e da regulamentação de práticas emergentes em psicologia (incluindo mindfulness) por parte dos campos regulatório, acadêmico e científico, qualificando o psicólogo para tomar melhores decisões sobre a integração de tais práticas na psicoterapia.(AU)

Mindfulness has become popular within psychotherapeutic community and among clients seeking relief from their suffering. However, little is known about how mindfulness has been integrated into psychotherapy, especially in Brazil. This study aimed to identify and characterize knowledge, recommendation, clinical and personal use of mindfulness by Brazilian clinical psychologists. Data were obtained using a national quantitative survey, carried out with 417 licensed clinical psychologists. The instrument was a structured online questionnaire, developed and tested for this study. Results were analyzed descriptively by frequencies; Fisher's exact test and significance level p < 0.05 were used for association between categories of response. Results indicated that most psychologists (65.23%) reported no or little knowledge of mindfulness; almost half of them (47.96%) have already recommended it to their clients; about a third (31.18%) has already applied it in clinical setting, mainly using isolated techniques on individual clients; and about a quarter of the professionals (25.37%) practices mindfulness at a personal level. These data suggested that the use of mindfulness in clinical setting has moved away from the evidence-based format - mindfulness-based programs -, whose effectiveness has been verified. We expect that results can contribute to the reflection about training and regulation of emerging practices in psychology (including mindfulness) on the part of regulatory, academic, and scientific fields, qualifying the psychologist to make better decisions about integrating such practices in psychotherapy.(AU)

Mindfulness se ha vuelto popular dentro de la comunidad psicoterapéutica y entre los clientes que buscan alivio de su sufrimiento. Sin embargo, se sabe poco sobre cómo mindfulness se ha integrado en la psicoterapia. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar y caracterizar conocimiento, recomendación, uso clínico y personal de mindfulness por parte de psicólogos clínicos brasileños. Se realizó una encuesta cuantitativa nacional con 417 psicólogos clínicos utilizando un cuestionario estructurado online, desarrollado y probado para este estudio. Los resultados se analizaron estadísticamente por frecuencias; la asociación entre categorías de respuestas se analizó utilizando la prueba exacta de Fisher y significación estadística de p < 0,05. Los resultados indicaron que la mayoría de los psicólogos (65.23%) informaron poco o ningún conocimiento de mindfulness; casi la mitad (47.96%) ya lo ha recomendado a sus clientes; aproximadamente un tercio (31.18%) ya lo ha aplicado en el entorno clínico, con el uso principal de técnicas aisladas en clientes individuales; y aproximadamente una cuarta parte (25.37%) de los profesionales tienen una práctica personal de mindfulness. Los datos sugirieron que el uso de mindfulness en la clínica se ha alejado del formato basado en la evidencia a través del cual se ha verificado su eficacia. Se espera que los resultados contribuyan a la reflexión por parte de los campos regulatorio, académico y científico sobre la formación y regulación de las prácticas emergentes en psicología (incluido el mindfulness), calificando al psicólogo para tomar mejores decisiones sobre la integración de tales prácticas en la psicoterapia.(AU)

Evaluation of breast pathologies in puerperal women assisted at a philanthropic hospital in Presidente Prudente (SP), Brazil: longitudinal cohort

Breast milk is the main source of nourishment for the healthy growth and development of newborns up do six months, and after that, it serves as a supplement up to two years. The act of breastfeeding, in addition to being an important means of forming an affective bond between the mother and infant, also promotes maternal, social and environmental benefits. Although its importance has been proven, it is known that there are several reasons that lead to the early interruption of breastfeeding, including breast complications. Our aim was to determine the incidence of complications related to breastfeeding in puerperal women seen at Hospital Regional, a philanthropic hospital in Presidente Prudente (SP) and the possible factors that led to their appearance as well. Methods: A quantitative-qualitative longitudinal study was carried out with puerperal women cared for at Hospital Regional of Presidente Prudente. A structured interview was administered in three stages: the first during the puerperal women's hospitalization and the others, through telephone contact at respectively 30 and 90 days after delivery, to monitor breastfeeding. Results: Of the total number of patients interviewed, 24.3% had some breast complications resulting from breastfeeding. Still in the immediate postpartum period at 30 days, this proportion reached 42.23%, decreasing at 90 days to 17.47%. Furthermore, of the puerperal women that showed any complication, 74% of them were single, 54% had brown skin color, 42.9% had completed high school and 52% were primiparous. Moreover, the patients who had a Cesarean section (53,8%) showed more complications than the ones who had natural childbirth (35,1%).

Deformidades dentoesqueléticas influenciam no julgamento social das pessoas? / Do dentoskeletal deformities influence people's social judgment?

Os padrões estéticos desempenham um importante papel na aceitação social, por conta disso há uma preocupação acerca dos impactos psicossociais que deformidades dentoesqueléticas podem causar a um indivíduo. Partindo desse pressuposto, esta pesquisa tem por objetivo desenvolver, validar e aplicar um instrumento/questionário que avalie as repercussões estéticas e sociais que a correção ortocirúrgica de classe II causa em indivíduos leigos. Fotografias em vista frontal e lateral de um indivíduo do sexo masculino e outro do sexo feminino, portadores de deformidade dentoesquelética de classe II por retrusão de mandíbula, foram manipuladas (Adobe Photoshop v.23.0.1, Adobe Systems Inc., San Jose, CA) de modo a simular a correção da deformidade dentoesquelética ântero-posterior. Para isso, foi criado, validado e aplicado um questionário contendo 10 perguntas que avaliavam questões estéticas e psicossociais. As respostas às questões foram: certamente sim" = 4 pontos, "talvez sim" = 3 pontos, "neutro" = 2 pontos, "talvez não" = 1 ponto e "certamente não" = 0 pontos. O conjunto de fotografias/questionário foi aplicado a 159 indivíduos leigos, com idades entre 18 e 76 anos. Estatística descritiva (média ± desvio padrão; mediana e intervalo interquartil) e teste de Wilcoxon foram utilizados para comparar os escores de julgamento social. Como resultado, o questionário desenvolvido apresentou aceitabilidade, confirmou a confiabilidade e validade do construto e consistência interna adequada (ICC: 0,5 - 0,7). Independentemente do sexo do indivíduo na imagem, as pontuações de julgamento social, em geral, foram maiores nas fotografias manipuladas que simulam a correção da classe II esquelética por meio de cirurgia ortognática (P < 0,001). Ao comparar as fotografias originais (controle) de acordo com o sexo, o indivíduo do sexo feminino apresentou escores maiores que do sexo masculino (P < 0,001). Portanto, conclui-se que o questionário desenvolvido se mostrou válido para avaliar as repercussões estéticas e sociais que a correção ortocirúrgica classe II causa em indivíduos leigos, além de ter demonstrado que essa maloclusão impacta negativamente na percepção e julgamento social dos leigos. (AU)

Aesthetic standards play an important role in social acceptance. Consequently, there is a concern about the psychosocial impacts that dentoskeletal deformities can cause to an individual. Based on this assumption, this research aims to develop, validate and apply an instrument that assesses the aesthetic and social repercussions class II orthosurgical correction causes in lay people. Front and side photographs of a male and a female subject with dentoskeletal class II deformity due to mandibular retrusion were manipulated (Adobe Photoshop v.23.0.1, Adobe Systems Inc., San Jose, CA) to simulate the correction of anteroposterior dentoskeletal deformity. For this, a questionnaire was created, validated and applied, containing 10 questions that evaluated aesthetic and psychosocial issues. The answers to the questions were: certainly yes" = 4 points, "maybe yes" = 3 points, "neutral" = 2 points, "maybe no" = 1 point and "certainly not" = 0 points. The set of photographs/questionnaire was applied to 159 lay individuals, aged between 18 and 76 years. Descriptive statistics (mean ± standard deviation; median and interquartile range) and Wilcoxon test were used to compare social judgment scores. As a result, the questionnaire developed showed acceptability, confirmed the reliability and validity of the construct and appropriate internal consistency (ICC: 0.5 - 0.7). Independently of the sex of the individual in the image, social judgment scores were generally higher in manipulated photographs that simulate skeletal class II correction of skeletal class II through orthognathic surgery (P < 0.001). When comparing the original photographs (control) according to sex, the female individual had higher scores than the male (P < 0.001). Therefore, it is concluded that the developed questionnaire proved to be valid to evaluate the aesthetic and social repercussions that the class II orthosurgical correction causes in laypersons, in addition to having demonstrated that this malocclusion negatively impacts the laypersons' perception and social judgment. (AU)

Análise do estágio de desenvolvimento motor de escolares da zona leste da cidade de São Paulo / Analysis of the developmental stage of motor development of the east zone of the city of São Paulo

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o estágio de desenvolvimento motor de escolares do ensino Fundamental II em Instituições públicas e privadas, por meio da habilidade motora salto vertical. Participaram do estudo 79 escolares da zona leste da cidade de São Paulo / SP, matriculados no Ensino Fundamental II. Os instrumentos utilizados de medidas antropométricas foram uma balança de bioimpedância, estadiômetro, filmadora digital e a Sistemática de Avaliação do Padrão Motor de crianças no Salto Vertical proposta por Araujo. De acordo com os resultados foi observado (26-32,9%) dos participantes no estágio Inicial, (47-59,5%) no estágio Emergentes Elementar e (6-7,6%) no estágio Proficiente. Constatou-se uma incidência elevada no estágio Emergentes Elementar (47-59,5%), o que sugere que o desenvolvimento motor para o salto vertical não está adequado para a faixa etária. Os resultados se diferem do que sugere a Teoria de Gallahue, pois, para a faixa etária dos participantes desse estudo, os mesmos deveriam apresentar padrões de movimentos fundamentais consistentes e proficientes. Essa discordância com a Teoria de Gallahue pode estar associada a quantidade e a qualidade dos estímulos presentes nessa fase que compreende os participantes do estudo, influenciando diretamente o desenvolvimento, esses fatores não foram controlados por esse estudo. (AU)

The objective of the study was to analyze the stage of motor development of elementary schoolchildren in public and private institutions, through motor skill vertical jump. The study was attended by 79 schoolchildren from the eastern zone of the city of São Paulo / SP, enrolled in Elementary School II. The instruments used for anthropometric measurements were: a bioimpedance scale, stadiometer, digital camcorder and the Child Motor Pattern Assessment Systematic in the Vertical Jump proposed by Araujo. According to the results (26-32.9%) of the participants in the Initial stage, (47-59.5%) in the Emergents Elementary stage and (6-7.6%) in the Proficient stage. There was a high incidence in the Emergentes Elemental stage (47-59.5%), which suggests that motor development for vertical jump is not adequate for the age group. The results differ from those suggested by the Gallahue Theory, since, for the age group of the participants of this study, they should present consistent and proficient fundamental movement patterns. This disagreement with the Gallahue Theory may be associated with the quantity and quality of the stimuli present in this phase that comprises study participants, directly influencing the development, these factors were not controlled by this study. (AU)

Programas Baseados em Mindfulness para Alunos Universitários: Relato de Experiência de um Projeto de Extensão / Mindfulness-Based Programs for Undergraduate Students: Experience Report of an Extension Project / Programas Basados en Mindfulness para Estudiantes Universitarios: Informe de Experiencia de un Proyecto de Extensión

Extensão universitária é um dos pilares da universidade brasileira, juntamente com ensino e pesquisa. A oferta de programas baseados em mindfulness para alunos de graduação como ação de extensão lhes oferece a oportunidade de desenvolverem habilidades psicológicas e sociais para manejar o estresse e promover a saúde e a qualidade nas interações acadêmicas. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar a experiência de gerenciamento de um projeto de extensão universitária de programas baseados em mindfulness para alunos de graduação em uma universidade pública durante três anos. Para tanto, o trabalho foi organizado nas seções iniciação, planejamento, execução, monitoramento e encerramento do projeto. Procedimentos foram detalhados e os principais desafios e benefícios percebidos foram relatados juntamente com as lições aprendidas. O índice de interesse na intervenção foi elevado, havendo demanda superior à oferta de vagas. A realização de programas de mindfulness na universidade depende também da formação do instrutor que os ministrará e da disponibilidade de recursos e estrutura física para oferecê-los. Por fim, considera-se que ações como essas são possíveis no contexto universitário, recomendando-se o seu registro e formalização como extensão, avaliando recursos disponíveis, calendário e demandas acadêmicas e fidelidade ao currículo ministrado. (AU)

Extension activities at the University are one of the pillars of the Brazilian higher education, along with teaching and research. Mindfulness-based programs offers to undergraduate students the opportunity to improve psychological and social skills for stress coping and health promotion in academic interactions. This work aims to report the experience of managing a university extension project of mindfulness-based programs for undergraduate students at a public university for three years. The report is organized according to project phases initiation, planning, execution, monitoring and closing. Procedures were detailed, main challenges and perceived benefits were reported along with lessons learned. There was a high interest in the intervention, with more demand than places avaliable. The implementation of mindfulness programs in the university context depends on availability of resources and physical structure as also on qualification of the facilitator whom will deliver them. Finally, it is considered that such interventions are possible in the university context with recommendations on registering and formalizing it as an extension activity, evaluating available resources, considering academic calendar and on delivering it in line with the program curriculum. (AU)

La extensión universitaria es uno de los pilares de la universidad brasileña, junto a la enseñanza y a la pesquisa. La oferta de programas basados en Mindfulness para estudiantes universitarios como acción de extensión les ofrece la oportunidad de desarrollar habilidades psicológicas y sociales para el manejo del estrés y la promoción de la salud y la calidad en las interacciones académicas. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo informar sobre la experiencia de la gestión de un proyecto de extensión universitaria de programas basados en mindfulness para estudiantes universitarios en una universidad pública durante tres años. El informe está organizado según las fases de iniciación, planificación, ejecución, control y cierre del proyecto. Se detallaron los procedimientos y se describieron los principales desafíos y beneficios percibidos junto con las lecciones aprendidas. El índice de interés en la intervención fue elevado, habiendo una demanda superior a la oferta de vacantes. La realización de programas de mindfulness en la universidad depende también de la formación del instructor que los dictará y de la disponibilidad de recursos y estructura física para ofrecerlos. Por último, se considera que acciones como estas son posibles en el contexto universitario, y se recomienda su registro y formalización como extensión, evaluando los recursos disponibles, el calendario, y las demandas académicas y la fidelidad al programa impartido. (AU)

Polymorphisms of the GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes in polycystic ovary syndrome.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the deletion polymorphisms of the genes of the glutathione S-transferase family GSTT1 and GSTM1 in patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), comparing them with a control population. METHODS: Blood was collected from 219 women (110 with PCOS and 109 controls) and genomic DNA was extracted. For the analysis of polymorphisms, the technique used was multiplex PCR. In the statistical analysis, the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were used. RESULTS: There is no association between the GSTM1 null and GSTT1 null genotypes with PCOS when analyzed separately (P = 0.616 and P = 0.188). The analysis of the combined genotypes showed differences between the groups (P < 0.05), evidencing that the genotypic combination GSTT1 positive and GSTM1 negative is more frequent among patients. In the multivariate analysis, smoking was more frequent in the control group (OR = 0.22; 95% CI - 0.87-0.57; P = 0.002) while the presence of a family history of PCOS (OR = 2, 96; 95% CI - 1.54-5.68; P = 0.001) was more frequent in women with PCOS. CONCLUSIONS: In the studied sample, the deletion polymorphisms of the GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes isolated are not associated with PCOS, but in combination, they may be implicated in the etiology of the condition.

Polymorphisms of the GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes in polycystic ovary syndrome

SUMMARY BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the deletion polymorphisms of the genes of the glutathione S-transferase family GSTT1 and GSTM1 in patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), comparing them with a control population. METHODS: Blood was collected from 219 women (110 with PCOS and 109 controls) and genomic DNA was extracted. For the analysis of polymorphisms, the technique used was multiplex PCR. In the statistical analysis, the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were used. RESULTS: There is no association between the GSTM1 null and GSTT1 null genotypes with PCOS when analyzed separately (P = 0.616 and P = 0.188). The analysis of the combined genotypes showed differences between the groups (P < 0.05), evidencing that the genotypic combination GSTT1 positive and GSTM1 negative is more frequent among patients. In the multivariate analysis, smoking was more frequent in the control group (OR = 0.22; 95% CI - 0.87-0.57; P = 0.002) while the presence of a family history of PCOS (OR = 2, 96; 95% CI - 1.54-5.68; P = 0.001) was more frequent in women with PCOS. CONCLUSIONS: In the studied sample, the deletion polymorphisms of the GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes isolated are not associated with PCOS, but in combination, they may be implicated in the etiology of the condition.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar os polimorfismos de deleção dos genes da família glutationa S-transferase GSTT1 e GSTM1 em pacientes com síndrome dos ovários policísticos (SOP), comparando-as com uma população controle. MÉTODOS: Foi colhido sangue de 219 mulheres (110 com SOP e 109 controles) e extraído o DNA genômico. Para análise dos polimorfismos, a técnica empregada foi PCR multiplex. Na análise estatística foi utilizado o teste do qui-quadrado e regressão logística múltipla. RESULTADOS: Não há associação dos genótipos GSTM1 nulo e GSTT1 nulo com SOP quando analisados isoladamente (p=0,616 e p=0,188). A análise dos genótipos combinados mostrou diferenças entre os grupos (p<0,05), evidenciando que a combinação genotípica GSTT1 positivo e GSTM1 negativo é mais frequente entre as pacientes. Na análise multivariada, o hábito tabagista foi mais frequente no grupo controle (OR=0,22; IC 95% - 0,87-0,57; p=0,002), enquanto que a presença do histórico de SOP familiar (OR=2,96; IC 95% - 1,54-5,68; p=0,001) foi mais frequente nas mulheres com SOP. CONCLUSÕES: Na casuística estudada, os polimorfismos de deleção dos genes GSTT1 e GSTM1 isolados não estão associados a SOP, mas em combinação podem estar implicados na etiologia da condição.

Efeitos do Programa Terapia Cognitiva Baseada em Mindfulness sobre estresse, autoeficácia e mindfulness em universitários / Effects of the Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Program on stress, self-efficacy and mindfulness in university students / Efectos del Programa Terapia Cognitiva basada en el Mindfulness sobre el estrés, la autoeficacia y la atención plena en estudiantes universitarios

OBJETIVO: verificar os efeitos da participação no Programa Terapia Cognitiva Baseada em mindfulness sobre o estresse, a autoeficácia e mindfulness disposicional em alunos de graduação. MÉTODO: estudo quasi-experimental longitudinal em uma amostra de 13 estudantes. Foram analisadas as variáveis estresse percebido, autoeficácia geral percebida e mindfulness disposicional, mensuradas por instrumentos de autorrelato respondidos pelos participantes antes da primeira sessão e ao final da oitava sessão da intervenção. A intervenção teve duração de oito semanas. As análises utilizaram teste de Wilcoxon, correlação de Spearman e correlação parcial. RESULTADOS: comparando os escores ao início e ao final do programa, estresse percebido reduziu e houve aumento da autoeficácia geral percebida e de mindfulness. Correlações entre os desfechos indicaram que mais idade está relacionada com maior autoeficácia geral e mindfulness; redução do estresse está relacionada com aumento da autoeficácia geral e de mindfulness; e aumento da autoeficácia está relacionada com aumento de mindfulness. CONCLUSÃO: os dados indicam que o Programa Terapia Cognitiva Baseada em mindfulness pode ajudar a desenvolver habilidades de mindfulness, reduzir o estresse percebido e aumentar a autoeficácia geral percebida, possivelmente contribuindo para o manejo de situações desafiadoras no contexto acadêmico, durante a formação, e após, na atuação profissional.

OBJECTIVE: to verify the effects of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy program on stress, self-efficacy, and dispositional mindfulness as outcomes in a sample of undergraduate students. METHOD: quasi-experimental longitudinal study in a sample of 13 students. The variables perceived stress, perceived general self-efficacy and dispositional mindfulness were analyzed, measured by self-report instruments answered by the participants before the first session and at the end of the eighth session of the intervention. The intervention lasted eight weeks. RESULTS: comparing scores at the beginning and at the end of the program, perceived stress reduced and there was an increase in general perceived self-efficacy and mindfulness. Correlations between outcomes indicated that older age is related to greater general self-efficacy and mindfulness; stress reduction is related to increased general self-efficacy and mindfulness; and increased self-efficacy is related to increased mindfulness. CONCLUSION: data indicate that Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy can help develop mindfulness skills, reduce perceived stress and increase general perceived self-efficacy, possibly contributing to coping with challenging situations in the academic context, during college, and in future professional practice.

OBJETIVO: verificar los efectos de la participación en el Programa de Terapia Cognitiva Basada en Mindfulness sobre el estrés, la autoeficacia y mindfulness disposicional en estudiantes universitarios. MÉTODO: estudio longitudinal quasi-experimental en una muestra de 13 estudiantes. Se analizaron las variables estrés percibido, autoeficacia general percibida y mindfulness disposicional, evaluadas por instrumentos de autoinforme respondidos por los participantes antes de la primera sesión y al final de la octava sesión de la intervención. La intervención duró ocho semanas. Los análisis utilizaron la prueba de Wilcoxon, la correlación de Spearman y la correlación parcial. RESULTADOS: al comparar los puntajes al principio y al final del programa, el estrés percibido disminuyó, la autoeficacia general percibida y la atención plena aumentaron. Las correlaciones indicaron que la edad avanzada está relacionada con una mayor autoeficacia general y mindfulness; la reducción del estrés está relacionada con una mayor autoeficacia general y mindfulness; y una mayor autoeficacia está relacionada con mayor mindfulness. CONCLUSIÓN: los datos indican que el programa Programa de Terapia Cognitiva Basada en Mindfulness puede ayudar a desarrollar habilidades de atención plena, reducir el estrés percibido y aumentar la autoeficacia general percibida, posiblemente contribuyendo al manejo de situaciones desafiantes en el contexto académico, durante la formación y en la práctica profesional futura.

Unexplained Visual Loss After Silicone Oil Removal: A 7-Year Retrospective Study.

INTRODUCTION: Unexplained visual loss after removal of silicone oil from the eye has been described. The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence of unexplained loss of visual acuity after SO removal and to provide possible explanations for this phenomenon. METHODS: This retrospective study included patients that underwent vitreoretinal surgery, at Centro Hospitalar São João, between January of 2012 and October of 2018. Inclusion criterion was vitreoretinal surgery in which the chosen endotamponade was SO, followed by removal of SO and exchange with balanced salt solution (BSS) or air. After SO removal, patients with documented loss of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) on two or more Snellen lines were analyzed and patients in which the cause of the visual loss was identified, namely OHT (intraocular pressure > 21 mmHg), retinal re-detachment, glaucoma, retinal proliferative membrane formation, or corneal decompensation, were excluded. All patients with unexplained visual loss underwent spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to exclude causes of visual reduction such as cystoid macular edema, epiretinal membrane, or ellipsoid/interdigitation zone disruption. A p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 46 eyes underwent SO tamponade and SO removal during the study period. In 34.8% of the cases (n = 16) there was visual acuity loss in at least two Snellen lines. Of 46 eyes, 23.9% (n = 11) showed vision loss due to known secondary causes. Unexplained loss of visual acuity after SO removal occurred in 10.9% of cases. OHT during silicone endotamponade (p = 0.046) and silicone emulsification (p = 0.001) were identified as factors associated with unexplained visual loss after SO removal. CONCLUSION: Unexplained loss of visual acuity after SO removal occurred in 10.9% of cases. OHT during silicone endotamponade and SO emulsification were identified as important factors in the ethology of this phenomenon.

Importância do raciocínio etiológico e topográfico de lesões: relato de neuropatia óptica traumática conduzida como acidente vascular cerebral / Importance of etiological and topographic injury reactions: report of a traumatic optic neuropathy conducted as a cerebrovascular accident

Introdução: O trauma ocular ou periocular pode afetar o nervo óptico e causar baixa acuidade visual ou alteração de campo visual. Essa lesão, denominada neuropatia óptica, quando de etiologia traumática, pode ser classificada como direta, através da compressão, perfuração ou laceração do nervo óptico por ação de corpos estranhos, fraturas do assoalho da órbita ou hemorragias, e indireta, quando a partir de um trauma externo ao globo ocular há lesão por transmissão da onda de choque ou desaceleração, levando à lesão do nervo óptico pelo estiramento de suas fibras ou edema comprometendo sua vascularização, comum nos acidentes automobilísticos e nas quedas. Descrição do Caso: O presente estudo objetiva relatar um caso de neuropatia óptica traumática conduzida erroneamente como acidente vascular cerebral em uma paciente do sexo feminino de 29 anos, com história de queda da própria altura. Discussão: A investigação feita pela história clínica, evolução do quadro e novos achados fundoscópicos permitiu o diagnóstico correto e melhor orientação da paciente. Conclusão: O conhecimento da neuropatia óptica traumática e da anatomia da via óptica têm extrema importância no raciocínio topográfico e etiológico das lesões traumáticas que cursam com comprometimento visual, poupando o paciente de possíveis intervenções invasivas e desnecessárias (AU)

Introduction: Eye or periocular trauma can affect the optic nerve and cause low visual acuity or visual field alteration. This lesion, called optic neuropathy, when of traumatic etiology, can be classified as direct, through compression, perforation or laceration of the optic nerve by action of foreign bodies, fractures of the orbit floor or hemorrhages, and indirect, when from an external trauma to the eyeball there is injury by transmission of the shock wave or deceleration, leading to optic nerve injury by stretching its fibers or edema compromising its vascularization, common in automobile accidents and falls. Case Report: The present study aims to describe a case of traumatic optic neuropathy mistakenly conducted as a stroke in a 29-yearold female patient with a history of falling from his own height. Discussion: The investigation was possible because of the clinical history, evolution of the condition and new fundoscopic findings that allowed the correct diagnosis and better orientation of the patient. Conclusion: Knowledge of traumatic optic neuropathy and anatomy of the optical pathway have extreme importance in the topographic and etiological reasoning of traumatic lesions that present with visual impairment, saving the patient from possible interventions invasive and unnecessary. (AU)

Mucosal delivery of Lactococcus lactis carrying an anti-TNF scFv expression vector ameliorates experimental colitis in mice.

BACKGROUND: Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha therapy has become clinically important for treating inflammatory bowel disease. However, the use of conventional immunotherapy requires a systemic exposure of patients and collateral side effects. Lactic acid bacteria have been shown to be effective as mucosal delivering system for cytokine and single domain antibodies, and it is amenable to clinical purposes. Therefore, lactic acid bacteria may function as vehicles for delivery of therapeutic antibodies molecules to the gastrointestinal tract restricting the pharmacological effect towards the gut. Here, we use the mucosal delivery of Lactococcus lactis carrying an anti-TNFα scFv expression plasmid on a DSS-induced colitis model in mice. RESULTS: Experimental colitis was induced with DSS administered in drinking water. L. lactis carrying the scFv expression vector was introduced by gavage. After four days of treatment, animals showed a significant improvement in histological score and disease activity index compared to those of untreated animals. Moreover, treated mice display IL-6, IL17A, IL1ß, IL10 and FOXP3 mRNA levels similar to health control mice. Therefore, morphological and molecular markers suggest amelioration of the experimentally induced colitis. CONCLUSION: These results provide evidence for the use of this alternative system for delivering therapeutic biopharmaceuticals in loco for treating inflammatory bowel disease, paving the way for a novel low-cost and site-specific biotechnological route for the treatment of inflammatory disorders.

Development of propolis nanoemulsion with antioxidant and antimicrobial activity for use as a potential natural preservative.

Propolis has demonstrated potential use as food preservative but it presents strong and unpleasant flavor that alters the sensory characteristics foods. A nanoemulsion was proposed to carry the Brazilian propolis extracts for use as natural food preservative. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and chemical constituents of the extracts were investigated. The latter were made by sequential extraction using different solvents (hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol). Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by agar diffusion and microdilution methods and antioxidant activity by DPPH and ABTS assays. Extracts showed antibacterial and antioxidant activity, highlighting the ethanolic which contained artepillin-C, kaempferide, drupanin and p-coumaric acid as main compounds by LC-MS analysis. The nanoemulsion developed by phase inversion method was characterized and stable under thermal-stress and centrifugation conditions. Biological properties evaluated were effectively maintained by the formulation. It was concluded that the nanoemulsion can be used as a food preservative, preventing degradation and masking the propolis off-flavor.

A novel cysteine-rich peptide regulates cell expansion in the tobacco pistil and influences its final size.

Plant morphogenesis is dependent on cell proliferation and cell expansion, which are responsible for establishing final organ size and shape during development. Several genes have been described as encoding components of the plant cell development machinery, among which are the plant peptides. Here we describe a novel cysteine-rich plant peptide (68 amino acids), encoded by a small open reading frame gene (sORF). It is specifically expressed in the reproductive organs of Nicotiana tabacum and is developmentally regulated. N- and C-terminal translational fusions with GFP in protoplasts have demonstrated that the peptide is not secreted. Knockdown transgenic plants produced by RNAi exhibited enlarged pistils due to cell expansion and the gene was named Small Peptide Inhibitor of Cell Expansion (SPICE). Estimation of nuclear DNA content using flow cytometry has shown that cell expansion in pistils was not correlated with endoreduplication. Decreased SPICE expression also affected anther growth and pollen formation, resulting in male sterility in at least one transgenic plant. Our results revealed that SPICE is a novel reproductive organ specific gene that controls cell expansion, probably as a component of a signal transduction pathway.

Piper Essential Oils Inhibit Rhizopus oryzae Growth, Biofilm Formation, and Rhizopuspepsin Activity.

Piper is the largest genus of the Piperaceae family. The species of this genus have diverse biological activities and are used in pharmacopeia throughout the world. They are also used in folk medicine for treatment of many diseases in several countries including Brazil, China, India, Jamaica, and Mexico. In Brazil, Piper species are distributed throughout the national territory, making this genus a good candidate for biological activity screening. During our studies with Piper essential oils, we evaluated its activity against Rhizopus oryzae, the main agent of mucormycosis. The main compounds of seven Piper essential oils analyzed were Piper callosum-safrole (53.8%), P. aduncum-dillapiole (76.0%), P. hispidinervum-safrole (91.4%), P. marginatum-propiopiperone (13.2%), P. hispidum-γ-terpinene (30.9%), P. tuberculatum-(E)-caryophyllene (30.1%), and Piper sp.-linalool (14.6%). The minimum inhibitory concentration of Piper essential oils against R. oryzae ranged from 78.12 to >1250 µg/mL. The best result of total inhibition of biofilm formation was obtained with Piper sp. starting from 4.88 µg/mL. Considering the bioactive potential of EOs against planktonic cells and biofilm formation of R. oryzae could be of great interest for development of antimicrobials for therapeutic use in treatment of fungal infection.