Clinical and radiographic evaluation of periodontal intrabony defects by open flap surgery alone or in combination with Biocollagen(®) membrane: A randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) is often incorporated in regenerative periodontal surgical procedures. However, the actual benefits of adding GTR to such a procedure remain undocumented. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to investigate the contribution of GTR to the outcomes of open flap debridement (OFD) in the treatment of intrabony defects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 16 patients of both sexes satisfying the criteria of chronic periodontitis and each of whom displayed one intrabony defect were randomly assigned to two groups, i.e. either treated with open flap surgery and GTR (group 1) or with open flap surgery alone (group 2), in this parallel-arm study. The soft tissue and hard tissue measurements, including probing pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bone mineral density were recorded at baseline and 3,6 and 12 months after surgery. The differences with a P < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: Results showed that the membrane group showed significant difference when compared with open flap surgery alone, in relation to the degree of periodontal pocket, clinical attachment loss, and bone density. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that biocollagen membrane could be considered as an option in the treatment of intrabony defects. Biocollagen membrane alone gives favorable clinical results in the treatment of intrabony defects. Open flap debridement resulted in acceptable clinical results in the treatment of intrabony defects.

Prevalence and severity of plaque-induced gingivitis in a Saudi adult population.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevalence and severity of plaque-induced gingivitis among a Saudi adult population in Riyadh region. METHODS: Three hundred and eighty-five eligible participants in this cross-sectional study were recruited from routine dental patients attending the oral diagnosis clinic at Al-Farabi College in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from June 2013 to December 2013. A clinical examination was performed by 2 dentists to measure the gingival and plaque indices of Löe and Silness for each participant. RESULTS: The prevalence of gingivitis was 100% among adult subjects aged between 18-40 years old. Moreover, the mean gingival index was 1.68±0.31, which indicates a moderate gingival inflammation. In fact, males showed more severe signs of gingival inflammation compared with females (p=0.001). In addition, the mean plaque index was 0.875±0.49, which indicates a good plaque status of the participants. Interestingly, the age was not related either to the gingival inflammation (p=0.13), or to the amount of plaque accumulation (p=0.17). However, males were more affected than females (p=0.005). CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that plaque accumulation is strongly associated with high prevalence of moderate to severe gingivitis among Saudi subjects. 

Cryosurgery of the oral and peri-oral region: a literature review of the mechanism, tissue response, and clinical applications.

Cryosurgery is a method of achieving lesion destruction by rapid freezing in situ. Application of cryosurgery in medicine widespread and its use within dentistry is also well documented, using both open and closed liquid nitrogen and carbon dioxide. The major advantages of oral cryosurgery include bloodless treatment, very low incidence of secondary infection, and a relative lack of scarring and pain. This review outlines knowledge on the mechanisms, tissue response, and current practices of cryosurgery in the oral and peri-oral region. More experimental studies are needed to better understand this important modality at cellular and molecular levels. Inconsistency in the current protocols used for the treatment of the oral lesions is evident. Additional studies are needed to define the treatment protocols for different types of oral lesions. Information on the cryogen type and dose and the delivery technique required would help to produce reproducible outcomes for the treatment of targeted lesions.

Expression of p21 is dependent on or independent of p53 in carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (undifferentiated and adenocarcinoma types).

Our study is aimed to characterize alteration in the immunohistochemical expression of p21 and p53 in normal tissue of the salivary gland surrounding carcinoma arising in pleomorphic adenoma, and the tumor cells of carcinoma arising in pleomorphic adenoma as well as to identify whether the induction of expression p21 is dependent on or independent of p53 in carcinoma arising in pleomorphic adenoma. A selected series of 27 cases of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (undifferentiated and adenocarcinoma types) was examined. The results showed that p21 and p53 expression was negative in the most components of normal tissue of the salivary gland surrounding carcinoma arising in pleomorphic adenoma. p21 was strongly expressed in carcinoma cells in 9 (33.3%) cases out of 27. p53 was strongly expressed in carcinoma cells in 10 (37%) cases out of 27. Also a co-expression of p21 and p53 showed negative nuclear staining in 9 cases, while 8 cases expressed positive staining. p21 expressed negative nuclear staining in 4 cases but p53 expressed positive staining in the same cases. p21 expressed positive nuclear staining in 6 cases but p53 expressed negative nuclear staining in the same cases. Our data suggest that inactivation of p53 and p21 may play an important role in the evolution of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma. Also p21 behaves as dependent on or independent of p53 in carcinoma arising in pleomorphic adenoma.