RESUMEN
Intestinal parasites have a serious health problem and frequently infect children in poor urban areas in developing countries. Some types of Cryptosporidium, Entamoeba and Giardia are amongst the most prevalent ones. The aim of this study was explore the distribution pattern of intestinal parasites and the ecological niche of Giardia lamblia in Ardabil Province. This was retrospective cross-sectional study, the officially registered statistics of health centers and hospitals in Ardabil University of Medical Sciences from January 2017 to December 2019 were used. The Kriging interpolation analysis was run to detect the high-risk areas of the disease in the province (P < 0.05) by ArcGIS10.4.1 and to construct the ecological niche model of the G.lamblia parasite, analyzed by Maxent3.3 software. Totally of 238 cases of intestinal parasite were reported during the study period, 77.7% of which were males and 22.3% females. Seven types of intestinal parasites were prevalent with G.lamblia species (79.4%) being the most and Entamoeba histolytica species (4%) the least prevalent one. There was one hotspot in the province in the center with an incidence risk of 41-45.5%. The most important climate and environmental factors affecting the ecological niche of G.lamblia are Bio16, Bio3, and the NDVI. G.lamblia is the most prevalent intestinal parasite in Ardabil Province; moreover, one important hotspots was also detected in the province that can provide useful information regarding the management and control of this parasite.
RESUMEN
Toxocara spp. cause one of the most widespread soil-transmitted helminthic infections worldwide. In both developed and developing countries, soil contamination with Toxocara eggs is considered as a major threat to public health. A total of 515 soil samples from 89 sampling sites were collected from different locations of public health such as Wastelands and Streets, public parks, and marginal areas. The soil samples were examined for Toxocara eggs using a centrifugal-floatation technique utilizing a saturated sodium nitrate solution. centralization of positive soil samples in the province was studied by Spatial Statistics Techniques such as Average Nearest Neighbors and Spatial Autocorrelation and Kernel Density Function Toxocara spp. eggs were found in 94 (18.25 %) out of 515 samples collected from the studied areas. According to the results obtained, marginal areas are often contaminated with eggs of Toxocara. Consequently, preventive measures including health education should be implemented to reduce the potential risk of this parasitic infection.
Asunto(s)
Suelo , Toxocara , Animales , Humanos , Óvulo , Análisis EspacialRESUMEN
Cutaneous leishmaniosis (CL) is the most common form of leishmaniasis.CL caused by L. major and L. tropica is endemic in 17 provinces of Iran. This study was carried out to elucidate situation of CL in Ardabil province and to predict distribution of Phlebotomus papatasi and Phlebotomus sergenti (Diptera: Psychodidae) as vectors of CL in the region. In this cross-sectional study, data on CL patients were collected from local health centers of Ardabil province, Iran during 2006-2018 to establish a geodatabase using ArcGIS10.3. A total of 20 CL cases were selected randomly and skin samples were collected and analyzed by PCR method. MaxEnt 3.3.3 model was used to determine ecologically suitable niches for the main vectors. A total, 309 CL human cases were reported and the highest incidence rate of disease was occurred in Bilasavar (37/100,000) and Germi (35/100,000). A total of 2,794 sand flies were collected during May to October 2018. The environmentally suitable habitats for P. papatasi and P. sergenti were predicted to be present in northern and central areas of Ardabil province. The most variable that contributed ratio in the modeling were Isothermality and slope factors. Ardabil province is possibly an endemic are for CL. The presence of P. papatasi and P. sergenti justifies local transmission while the vectors of CL are existing in the northern and central areas of the province.