RESUMEN
As bacteria continue to develop resistance toward current antibiotics, we find ourselves in a continual battle to identify new antibacterial agents and targets. We report herein a class of boron-containing compounds termed borinic esters that have broad spectrum antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) in the low microgram/mL range. These compounds were identified by screening for inhibitors against Caulobacter crescentus CcrM, an essential DNA methyltransferase from gram negative alpha-proteobacteria. In addition, we demonstrate that borinic esters inhibit menaquinone methyltransferase in gram positive bacteria using a new biochemical assay for MenH from Bacillus subtilis. Our data demonstrate the potential for further development of borinic esters as antibacterial agents as well as leads to explore more specific inhibitors against two essential bacterial enzymes.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/síntesis química , Ácidos Borínicos/síntesis química , Metilasas de Modificación del ADN/antagonistas & inhibidores , Bacterias Gramnegativas/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias Grampositivas/efectos de los fármacos , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Bacillus subtilis/efectos de los fármacos , Bacillus subtilis/enzimología , Ácidos Borínicos/química , Ácidos Borínicos/farmacología , Caulobacter crescentus/efectos de los fármacos , Caulobacter crescentus/enzimología , Metilasas de Modificación del ADN/química , Ésteres/síntesis química , Ésteres/química , Ésteres/farmacología , Bacterias Gramnegativas/enzimología , Bacterias Gramnegativas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Bacterias Grampositivas/enzimología , Bacterias Grampositivas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Cinética , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Proteobacteria/enzimología , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
The synthesis and evaluation of analogues and key derivatives of 10-CF3CO-DDACTHF as inhibitors of glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase (GAR Tfase) and aminoimidazole carboxamide transformylase (AICAR Tfase) are reported. Polyglutamate analogues of 1 were evaluated as inhibitors of Escherichia coli and recombinant human (rh) GAR Tfase, and AICAR Tfase. Although the pentaglutamate 6 was found to be the most active inhibitor of the series tested against rhGAR Tfase (Ki=0.004 microM), little distinction between the mono-pentaglutamate derivatives was observed (Ki=0.02-0.004 microM), suggesting that the principal role of the required polyglutamation of 1 is intracellular retention. In contrast, 1 and its defined polyglutamates 3-6 were much less inactive when tested against rhAICAR Tfase (Ki=65-0.120 microM) and very selective (> or =100-fold) for rh versus E. coli GAR Tfase. Additional key analogues of 1 were examined (7 and 8) and found to be much less active (1000-fold) highlighting the exceptional characteristics of 1.