Obesity and poverty: a new public health challenge

This edition is the 4th in a series begun in 1991 to complement the quadrennial publication Health in the Americas. Part I of this edition is devoted to a special topic--health during childhood. Part I deals with population dynamics in children under 5 years old, presents estimated death rates for broad groups of causes for children under 1 year and children 1-4 years of age, and examines selected health topics of particular importance during childhood. Part II presents data on registered mortality in specific age groups. In addition to providing a summarized presentation of causes of death in children under 5 years of age,it also includes mortality data for several age groups, immediately following early childhood. These data have not been published previously in this age detail, and they should be invaluable in the study of adolescent health. In Part III, this volume presents summarized mortality data by age group and sex for all country-years received after the previous edition (1995). With this book PAHO once more brings to analysts, researchers, policymakers, and other interested parties, the full richness of statistical information about health available in the Region of the Americas

Obesity and poverty: a new public health challenge

This edition is the 4th in a series begun in 1991 to complement the quadrennial públication Health in the Américas. Part I of this edition is devoted to a special topic--health during childhood. Part I deals with population dynamics in children under 5 years old, presents estimated death rates for broad groups of causes for children under 1 year and children 1-4 years of age, and examines selected health topics of particular importance during childhood. Part II presents data on registered mortality in specific age groups. In addition to providing a summarized presentation of causes of death in children under 5 years of age,it also includes mortality data for several age groups, immediately following early childhood. These data have not been published previously in this age detail, and they should be invaluable in the study of adolescent health. In Part III, this volume presents summarized mortality data by age group and sex for all country-years received after the previous edition (1995). With this book PAHO once more brings to analysts, researchers, policymakers, and other interested parties, the full richness of statistical information about health available in the Region of the Américas

Respuesta innmune humoral al polisacárido capsular de Neisseria meningitidis serogrupo C en un ensayo de vacunación antimeningocócica BC en Antioquia, Colombia / Humoral immune response to the capsular polysaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C in an antimeningococcal BC vaccination trial in Antioquia, Colombia

Como complemento del estudio de la respuesta inmune humoral a las proteínas de una vacuna antimeningocócica (VA-MENGOC-BC) para serogrupos B y C, se evaluó la respuesta inmune humoral al polisacárido C de la vacuna en 142 niños de 1 a 5 años de edad de una zona del Departamento de Antioquia, Colombia. Se analizaron en pares de sueros pre (To) y posvacunación (T1), la respuesta de IgG por ELISA y la capacidad lítica sérica frente a una cepa del serogrupo C por prueba de anticuerpos bactericidas (PAB). La respuesta a la vacuna resultó estadísticamente significativa (P0,01) por las dos técnicas. Por la PAB se demostró seroconversión (T1/To.4) en 88 por ciento (intervalo de confianza del 95 por ciento, IC95, IC:80 a 95 por ciento) del total de seronegativos prevacunación. En los niños de 2 a 3 años de edad la proporción de seroconversión fue de 86 por ciento o más. Del total de sueros evaluados por ELISA respondieron a la vacuna (T1/To2) 93 por ciento (IC95 por ciento:89 a 97 por ciento) y se produjo seroconversión (T1/To.4) en 98 por ciento de los casos con To 500 U/mL (IC95 por ciento:94 a 100). En la muestra la vacuna estimuló una respuesta específica y protectora medida por ELISA y PAB, prueba esta última que se utiliza para evaluar el estado de protección

Respuesta innmune humoral al polisacárido capsular de Neisseria meningitidis serogrupo C en un ensayo de vacunación antimeningocócica BC en Antioquia, Colombia / Humoral immune response to the capsular polysaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C in an antimeningococcal BC vaccination trial in Antioquia, Colombia

Como complemento del estudio de la respuesta inmune humoral a las proteínas de una vacuna antimeningocócica (VA-MENGOC-BC) para serogrupos B y C, se evaluó la respuesta inmune humoral al polisacárido C de la vacuna en 142 niños de 1 a 5 años de edad de una zona del Departamento de Antioquia, Colombia. Se analizaron en pares de sueros pre (To) y posvacunación (T1), la respuesta de IgG por ELISA y la capacidad lítica sérica frente a una cepa del serogrupo C por prueba de anticuerpos bactericidas (PAB). La respuesta a la vacuna resultó estadísticamente significativa (P0,01) por las dos técnicas. Por la PAB se demostró seroconversión (T1/To.4) en 88 por ciento (intervalo de confianza del 95 por ciento, IC95, IC:80 a 95 por ciento) del total de seronegativos prevacunación. En los niños de 2 a 3 años de edad la proporción de seroconversión fue de 86 por ciento o más. Del total de sueros evaluados por ELISA respondieron a la vacuna (T1/To2) 93 por ciento (IC95 por ciento:89 a 97 por ciento) y se produjo seroconversión (T1/To.4) en 98 por ciento de los casos con To 500 U/mL (IC95 por ciento:94 a 100). En la muestra la vacuna estimuló una respuesta específica y protectora medida por ELISA y PAB, prueba esta última que se utiliza para evaluar el estado de protección

Investigation of the prevalence and inheritance of bronchial asthma in San Antonio de los Baños, Cuba

A survey of bronchial asthma prevalence and inheritance patterns was carried out in the municipality of San Antonio de los Banâs, La Habana, Cuba, employing as a sample 3,295 of the area's inhabitants. These persons, selected by stratified, non-restricted sampling techniques, represented 11.02 per cent of the total population. The asthma prevalence found in this sample, which was considered representative of the local population, was 9.74 percent. No significant variations were noted in male and female prevalence rates. The occurrence of bronchial asthma is strongly influenced by inheritance. Our survey supported this view, and also showed that the age of asthma onset is influenced by whether or not the subject's family has a positive history of allergy or not. However, patients with a positive history on one side of their family had an age of onset that was not significantly different from patients with a positive history on both sides (p less than 0.35). Overall, the results tend to confirm that the inheritance of bronchial asthma is autosomal and does not conform to simple dominant or recessive inheritance patterns. Rather, asthma inheritance appears multifactorial, perhaps involving varying degrees of expression, indicating that more is involved than absence or deficiency of a single enzyme (Au)