Daily tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine and hydroxychloroquine for pre-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial in healthcare workers.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) as pre-exposure prophylaxis on COVID-19 risk. METHODS: EPICOS is a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial conducted in Spain, Bolivia, and Venezuela. Healthcare workers with negative SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG test were randomly assigned to the following: daily TDF/FTC plus HCQ for 12 weeks, TDF/FTC plus HCQ placebo, HCQ plus TDF/FTC placebo, and TDF/FTC placebo plus HCQ placebo. Randomization was performed in groups of four. Primary outcome was laboratory-confirmed, symptomatic COVID-19. We also studied any (symptomatic or asymptomatic) COVID-19. We compared group-specific 14-week risks via differences and ratios with 95% CIs. RESULTS: Of 1002 individuals screened, 926 (92.4%) were eligible and there were 14 cases of symptomatic COVID-19: 220 were assigned to the TDF/FTC plus HCQ group (3 cases), 231 to the TDF/FTC placebo plus HCQ group (3 cases), 233 to the TDF/FTC plus HCQ placebo group (3 cases), and 223 to the double placebo group (5 cases). Compared with the double placebo group, 14-week risk ratios (95% CI) of symptomatic COVID-19 were 0.39 (0.00-1.98) for TDF + HCQ, 0.34 (0.00-2.06) for TDF, and 0.49 (0.00-2.29) for HCQ. Corresponding risk ratios of any COVID-19 were 0.51 (0.21-1.00) for TDF + HCQ, 0.81 (0.44-1.49) for TDF, and 0.73 (0.41-1.38) for HCQ. Adverse events were generally mild. DISCUSSION: The target sample size was not met. Our findings are compatible with both benefit and harm of pre-exposure prophylaxis with TDF/FTC and HCQ, alone or in combination, compared with placebo.

Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROs) in HIV Infection: Points to Consider and Challenges.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to reach consensus on the use of PROs (patient-reported outcome measures) in people living with HIV (PLHIV). METHODS: A scientific committee of professionals with experience in PROMs methodology issued recommendations and defined the points to support by evidence. A systematic review of the literature identified the coverage, utility, and psychometric properties of PROMs used in PLHIV. A Delphi survey was launched to measure the degree of agreement with the recommendations of a group of practicing clinicians and a group of patient representatives. RESULTS: Four principles and ten recommendations were issued; however, the results of the Delphi showed significant differences in the opinion between health professionals and PLHIV, and polarization within collectives, hampering consensus. CONCLUSIONS: Despite a wealth of evidence on the benefit of PROMs, there are clear barriers to their use by healthcare professionals in HIV care. Intervention on these barriers is paramount to allow truly patient-centered care.

The effect of tocilizumab on cytokine release syndrome in COVID-19 patients.

BACKGROUND: This study was aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab (TCZ) and to investigate the factors related to the progress and mortality of patients with a secondary cytokine release syndrome caused by SARS-CoV-2. METHODS: A retrospective descriptive observational study of hospitalised patients with a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) result for SARS-CoV-2 and whose clinical evolution required the administration of one or more doses of TCZ was conducted. Demographic variables, clinical evolution, radiologic progress and analytical parameters were analysed on days 1, 3 and 5 after administration the first dose of TCZ. RESULTS: A total of 75 patients with a clinical history of Accurate Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) were analysed, among whom, 19 had mild ARDS (25.3%), 37 moderate ARDS (49.4%) and 19 severe ARDS (25.3%). Lymphocytopenia and high levels of PCR, D-Dimer and IL-6 were observed in almost all the patients (91.8%). Treatment with TCZ was associated with a reduction of lymphocytopenia, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, severe ARDS cases and fever. Although a better evolution of PaO2/FiO2 was observed in patients who received two or more doses of TCZ (38/75), there was an increase in their mortality (47.4%) and ICU admission (86.8%). The 30-day mortality rate was 30.7% (20.5-42.4% CI) being hypertension, high initial D-dimer levels and ICU admission the only predictive factors found. CONCLUSION: Based on our results, treatment with TCZ was associated with a fever, swelling and ventilator support improvement. However, there is no evidence that the administration of two or more doses of TCZ was related to a mortality decrease.

Raltegravir plus abacavir/lamivudine in virologically suppressed HIV-1-infected patients: 48-week results of the KIRAL study.

BACKGROUND: Long-term combination antiretroviral therapy often results in toxicity/tolerability problems, which are one of the main reasons for switching treatment. Despite the favorable profile of raltegravir (RAL), data on its combination with abacavir/lamivudine (ABC/3TC) are scarce. Based on clinical data, we evaluated this regimen as a switching strategy. DESIGN: Multicenter, non-controlled, retrospective study including all virologically suppressed HIV-1-infected patients who had switched to RAL+ABC/3TC. METHODS: We evaluated effectiveness (defined as maintenance of HIV-1-RNA <50 copies/mL at 48 weeks) safety, tolerability, laboratory data, and CD4+ count at week 48 of this switching strategy. RESULTS: The study population comprised 467 patients. Median age was 49 years (IQR: 45-53). Males accounted for 75.4%. Median CD4+ count at baseline was 580 cells/µL (IQR, 409). The main reasons for switching were toxicity/tolerability problems (197; 42.2%) and physician's criteria (133; 28.5%). At week 48, HIV-1 RNA remained at <50 copies/mL in 371/380 (97.6%; 95%CI: 96.4-99.0) when non-virological failure was censured. Virological failure was recorded in 1.9% patients and treatment failure in 20.5% of patients (96/467 [95%CI, 16.9-24.2]). The main reasons for treatment failure included switch to fixed-dose combination regimens (31; 6.6%), toxicity/poor tolerability (27; 5.8%), and physician's decision (17; 3.6%). A total of 73 adverse events were detected in 64 patients (13.7%). These resolved in 43 patients (67.2%). Of the 33 cases related or likely related to treatment, 30 were Grade-1 (90.9%). CD4+ count and renal, hepatic, and lipid profiles remained clinically stable over the 48 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that RAL+ABC/3TC could be an effective, safe/tolerable, and low-toxicity option for virologically suppressed HIV-1-infected patients.

Prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections and other coinfections in HIV-infected patients: may 2015 / Prevención y tratamiento de infecciones oportunistas y otras coinfecciones en pacientes infectados por el VIH: mayo de 2015

Despite the huge advance that antiretroviral therapy represents for the prognosis of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), opportunistic infections (OIs) continue to be a cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients. OIs often arise because of severe immunosuppression resulting from poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy, failure of antiretroviral therapy, or unawareness of HIV infection by patients whose first clinical manifestation of AIDS is an OI. The present article updates our previous guidelines on the prevention and treatment of various OIs in HIV-infected patients, namely, infections by parasites, fungi, viruses, mycobacteria, and bacteria, as well as imported infections. The article also addresses immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome

A pesar del gran avance que ha supuesto el tratamiento antirretroviral (TAR) para el pronóstico de la infección por el VIH, las infecciones oportunistas (IO) continúan siendo causa de morbilidad y mortalidad en estos pacientes. Ello ocurre en muchos casos debido a la inmunodepresión grave, bien ante la falta de adherencia al TAR, el fracaso del mismo o el desconocimiento de la existencia de la infección por el VIH en pacientes que comienzan con una IO. El presente artículo actualiza las recomendaciones de prevención y tratamiento de diferentes infecciones en pacientes con infección por VIH: parasitarias, fúngicas, víricas, micobacterianas, bacterianas e importadas, además del síndrome de reconstitución inmune

Executive summary: Prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections and other coinfections in HIV-infected patients: may 2015 / Executive summary: Prevención y tratamiento de infecciones oportunistas y otras coinfecciones en pacientes infectados por el VIH: mayo de 2015

Opportunistic infections continue to be a cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients. They often arise because of severe immunosuppression resulting from poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy, failure of antiretroviral therapy, or unawareness of HIV infection by patients whose first clinical manifestation of AIDS is an opportunistic infection. The present article is an executive summary of the document that updates the previous recommendations on the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected patients, namely, infections by parasites, fungi, viruses, mycobacteria, and bacteria, as well as imported infections. The article also addresses immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. This document is intended for all professionals who work in clinical practice in the field of HIV infection

Las infecciones oportunistas siguen siendo una causa importante de morbi mortalidad en pacientes con infección por VIH. Ello ocurre en muchos casos debido a la inmunodepresión grave, bien ante la falta de adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral, el fracaso del mismo o el desconocimiento de la existencia de la infección por el VIH en pacientes que comienzan con una infección oportunista. Este artículo es un resumen del documento de consenso que actualiza las recomendaciones previas de GESIDA respecto a la prevención y el tratamiento de las diferentes infecciones oportunistas en pacientes infectados por VIH: parasitarias, fúngicas, víricas, micobacterianas, bacterianas e importadas, además del síndrome de reconstitución inmune. Está dirigido a los profesionales que trabajan en la práctica clínica en el campo del VIH, con el objetivo de facilitarles una atención de calidad en la prevención y tratamiento de estas infecciones

Executive summary: Prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections and other coinfections in HIV-infected patients: May 2015.

Opportunistic infections continue to be a cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients. They often arise because of severe immunosuppression resulting from poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy, failure of antiretroviral therapy, or unawareness of HIV infection by patients whose first clinical manifestation of AIDS is an opportunistic infection. The present article is an executive summary of the document that updates the previous recommendations on the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected patients, namely, infections by parasites, fungi, viruses, mycobacteria, and bacteria, as well as imported infections. The article also addresses immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. This document is intended for all professionals who work in clinical practice in the field of HIV infection.

Prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections and other coinfections in HIV-infected patients: May 2015.

Despite the huge advance that antiretroviral therapy represents for the prognosis of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), opportunistic infections (OIs) continue to be a cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients. OIs often arise because of severe immunosuppression resulting from poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy, failure of antiretroviral therapy, or unawareness of HIV infection by patients whose first clinical manifestation of AIDS is an OI. The present article updates our previous guidelines on the prevention and treatment of various OIs in HIV-infected patients, namely, infections by parasites, fungi, viruses, mycobacteria, and bacteria, as well as imported infections. The article also addresses immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.

Phylogeny and Phylogeography of a Recent HIV-1 Subtype F Outbreak among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Spain Deriving from a Cluster with a Wide Geographic Circulation in Western Europe.

We recently reported the rapid expansion of an HIV-1 subtype F cluster among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the region of Galicia, Northwest Spain. Here we update this outbreak, analyze near full-length genomes, determine phylogenetic relationships, and estimate its origin. For this study, we used sequences of HIV-1 protease-reverse transcriptase and env V3 region, and for 17 samples, near full-length genome sequences were obtained. Phylogenetic analyses were performed via maximum likelihood. Locations and times of most recent common ancestors were estimated using Bayesian inference. Among samples analyzed by us, 100 HIV-1 F1 subsubtype infections of monophyletic origin were diagnosed in Spain, including 88 in Galicia and 12 in four other regions. Most viruses (n = 90) grouped in a subcluster (Galician subcluster), while 7 from Valladolid (Central Spain) grouped in another subcluster. At least 94 individuals were sexually-infected males and at least 71 were MSM. Seventeen near full-length genomes were uniformly of F1 subsubtype. Through similarity searches and phylogenetic analyses, we identified 18 viruses from four other Western European countries [Switzerland (n = 8), Belgium (n = 5), France (n = 3), and United Kingdom (n = 2)] and one from Brazil, from samples collected in 2005-2011, which branched within the subtype F cluster, outside of both Spanish subclusters, most of them corresponding to recently infected individuals. The most probable geographic origin and age of the Galician subcluster was Ferrol, Northwest Galicia, around 2007, while the Western European cluster probably emerged in Switzerland around 2002. In conclusion, a recently expanded HIV-1 subtype F cluster, the largest non-subtype B cluster reported in Western Europe, continues to spread among MSM in Spain; this cluster is part of a larger cluster with a wide geographic circulation in diverse Western European countries.

EFFECT ON QUALITY OF LIFE AND HANDGRIP STRENGTH BY DYNAMOMETRY OF AN ENTERAL SPECIFIC SUPLEMENTS WITH BETA-HYDROXY-BETA-METHYLBUTYRATE AND VITAMIN D IN ELDERLY PATIENTS.

AIM: the aim of our study was to investigate the effect on strenght and quality of life of an enhanced specific enteral formula with HMBD and vitamin D in elderly patients. METHODS: we conducted an open-label study. General assessment of nutritional status included measurements of body weight, height, body mass index (kg/m2) and bioimpedance. Handgrrip strength was measured by dynamometry. QOL (quality of life) was assessed using the well validated SF 36 questonnaire. Albumin, prealbumin, transferrin and 25-OH vitamin D were measured. All these parameters were recorded at basal time and after 12 weeks of nutritional intervention. RESULTS: patients were divided in two groups by the median percentage of weight improvement (3.4%); group 1 (percentage of weight improvement < 3.4%) and group 2 (percentage of weight improvement > 3.4%). In group 1, patients showed an improvement in prealbumin and vitamin D levels. In group 2, patients showed an improvement of BMI, weight, fat mass, fat free mass, prealbumin, vitamin D levels, role physical domain of SF 36 , general health domain of SF 36 and handgrip strength. The volumetric consumption rates of the formula were higher in group 2 than group 1 (group 1: 1.25 + 0.78 units/day [1.81 +/-0.9 g per day of HMBD) vs. group 2: 1.86 + 0.82 units/day (2.79 +/-1.1 g per day of HMBD]). CONCLUSIONS: elderly patients with a previous weight loss and with a high consumption of a HMBD and vit D enhanced formula had a significant improvement in anthropometric, biochemical parameters, handgrip strength and quality of life.

Objetivo: el objetivo de nuestro estudio fue investigar el efecto sobre la fuerza y la calidad de vida de una fórmula enteral específica enriquecida con HMBD y vitamina D en pacientes de edad avanzada. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de una rama abierto. La evaluación de la situación nutricional incluyó mediciones de peso, talla, índice de masa corporal (kg/m2) y bioimpedancia. La fuerza se midió mediante dinamometría. La calidad de vida se evaluó mediante el cuestionario SF 36. Se midieron los niveles de albúmina, prealbúmina, transferrina y 25-OH vitamina D. Todos estos parámetros se registraron en el momento basal y después de 12 semanas de intervención nutricional. Resultados: los pacientes fueron divididos en dos grupos por el porcentaje medio de la mejoría de peso (3,4%); grupo 1 (porcentaje < 3,4%) y el grupo 2 (porcentaje > 3,4%). En el grupo 1, los pacientes mostraron una mejoría en los niveles de prealbúmina y vitamina D. En el grupo 2, los pacientes mostraron una mejoría del índice de masa corporal, peso, masa grasa, masa libre de grasa, prealbúmina, niveles de vitamina D, dominio físico del SF 36, dominio de la salud general del SF 36 y la fuerza de prensión. El consumo de la fórmula enriquecida fue mayor en el grupo 2 que en el grupo 1 [grupo 1: 1,25 + 0,78 unidades/día (1,81 +/- 0,9 g por día de HMBD) vs. grupo 2: 1,86 + 0,82 unidades/día (2,79 +/- 1,1 g diarios de HMBD)]. Conclusiones: los pacientes ancianos con una pérdida de peso anterior y con un alto consumo de una fórmula enriquecida en HMBD y vitamina D tuvieron una mejoría significativa en parámetros antropométricos, bioquímicos, fuerza de prensión y calidad de vida.

Effect on quality of life and handgrip strength by dynamometry of an enteral specific suplements with beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate and vitamin D in elderly patients / Efecto en la calidad de vida y en la fuerza muscular por dinamometría de un suplemento enteral específico enriquecido en beta-hydroxi-beta-metilbutirato y vitamina D en pacientes ancianos

Aim: the aim of our study was to investigate the effect on strenght and quality of life of an enhanced specific enteral formula with HMBD and vitamin D in elderly patients. Methods: we conducted an open-label study. General assessment of nutritional status included measurements of body weight, height, body mass index (kg/m2 ) and bioimpedance. Handgrrip strength was measured by dynamometry. QOL (quality of life) was assessed using the well validated SF 36 questonnaire. Albumin, prealbumin, transferrin and 25-OH vitamin D were measured. All these parameters were recorded at basal time and after 12 weeks of nutritional intervention. Results: patients were divided in two groups by the median percentage of weight improvement (3.4%); group 1 (percentage of weight improvement 3.4%). In group 1, patients showed an improvement in prealbumin and vitamin D levels. In group 2, patients showed an improvement of BMI, weight, fat mass, fat free mass, prealbumin, vitamin D levels, role physical domain of SF 36 , general health domain of SF 36 and handgrip strength. The volumetric consumption rates of the formula were higher in group 2 than group 1 (group 1: 1.25+0.78 units/day [1.81+/-0.9 g per day of HMBD) vs. group 2: 1.86+0.82 units/day (2.79+/-1.1 g per day of HMBD]). Conclusions: elderly patients with a previous weight loss and with a high consumption of a HMBD and vit D enhanced formula had a significant improvement in anthropometric, biochemical parameters, handgrip strength and quality of life (AU)

Objetivo: el objetivo de nuestro estudio fue investigar el efecto sobre la fuerza y la calidad de vida de una fórmula enteral específica enriquecida con HMBD y vitamina D en pacientes de edad avanzada. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de una rama abierto. La evaluación de la situación nutricional incluyó mediciones de peso, talla, índice de masa corporal (kg/m2 ) y bioimpedancia. La fuerza se midió mediante dinamometría. La calidad de vida se evaluó mediante el cuestionario SF 36. Se midieron los niveles de albúmina, prealbúmina, transferrina y 25-OH vitamina D. Todos estos parámetros se registraron en el momento basal y después de 12 semanas de intervención nutricional. Resultados: los pacientes fueron divididos en dos grupos por el porcentaje medio de la mejoría de peso (3,4%); grupo 1 (porcentaje 3,4%). En el grupo 1, los pacientes mostraron una mejoría en los niveles de prealbúmina y vitamina D. En el grupo 2, los pacientes mostraron una mejoría del índice de masa corporal, peso, masa grasa, masa libre de grasa, prealbúmina, niveles de vitamina D, dominio físico del SF 36, dominio de la salud general del SF 36 y la fuerza de prensión. El consumo de la fórmula enriquecida fue mayor en el grupo 2 que en el grupo 1 [grupo 1: 1,25 + 0,78 unidades/día (1,81 +/- 0,9 g por día de HMBD) vs. grupo 2: 1,86 + 0,82 unidades/día (2,79 +/- 1,1 g diarios de HMBD)]. Conclusiones: los pacientes ancianos con una pérdida de peso anterior y con un alto consumo de una fórmula enriquecida en HMBD y vitamina D tuvieron una mejoría significativa en parámetros antropométricos, bioquímicos, fuerza de prensión y calidad de vida (AU)

Relationship of fat distribution with adipokines in patients with acquired immunodeficiency virus infection.

BACKGROUND: The aim was to examine the relationship of fat distributions with adipokines concentrations in HIV-infected patients. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional analysis of 36 HIV (free of lipodystrophy) infected patients. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used. RESULTS: In the multivariate analysis, basal adiponectin concentration was a dependent variable, whereas waist to hip ratio and abdominal fat mass were independent predictors in the model (F = 5.1; P < 0.05). Adiponectin concentration decreases by 5.541.2 µg/ml (CI 95%: 8,071.9-3,029.1) for each unit of waist to hip ratio and 561.9 ng/ml (CI 95%: 918.2-213.4) for each kilogram of fat mass of abdominal area. In the multivariate analysis, basal leptin concentration was a dependent variable, whereas waist circumference remained an independent predictor in the model (F = 6.3; P < 0.05), with a direct correlation. Leptin concentration increases by 0.067 ng/ml (CI 95%: 0.001-0.12) for each centimeter of waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS: Leptin and adiponectin are related with adiposity in HIV-infected patients.

Influence of hormonal status and oral intake on phase angle in HIV-infected men.

OBJECTIVE: Phase angle alpha can be easily obtained from bioelectrical impedance analysis. In the literature, this angle is the single best predictor of survival in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The aim of our study was to detect nutritional and biochemical parameters that influence the phase angle. METHODS: One hundred men with HIV were studied. In all patients, anthropometric and biochemical nutritional evaluations were performed. Basal concentrations of testosterone and somatomedin C (insulin-like growth factor-1) were measured. Tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to determine body composition. All patients received instruction on keeping 24-h written food records. Albumin, prealbumin, transferrin, CD4 count, and total lymphocytes were measured. RESULTS: Patients' mean age was 39.1 +/- 9.9 y, mean body weight was 66.8 +/- 11.2 kg, and mean body mass index was 22.5 +/- 3.5 kg/m2. Patients' average fat-free mass was 58.05 +/- 8.7 kg and average fat mass was 9.17 +/- 4.9 kg. Average phase angle alpha was 8.21 +/- 0.88 degrees. Patients were assigned to one of two groups according to phase angle: those with a phase angle alpha smaller than 8.2 degrees (group 1) and those with a phase angle alpha of at least 8.2 degrees (group 2). Weight, body mass index, transferrin, and somatomedin C were significantly higher in group 2 (P < 0.05 for all). There were significant positive correlations between phase angle alpha and somatomedin C (r = 0.3, P < 0.05) and protein intake (r = 0.2, P < 0.05). In the multivariate analysis (adjusted for number of antiretroviral drugs prescribed, age, disease stage, and energy and protein intakes), only somatomedin C remained in the model (F = 4.5, P < 0.05), with an increase in phase angle alpha of 0.56 degrees (95% confidence interval, 0.04 to 1.08) with each 1-nM/L increase in somatomedin C. CONCLUSION: Somatomedin C and protein intake influenced phase angle alpha, but only somatomedin C remained as an independent factor in the multivariate analysis.

[Isolated dietary counselling program versus supplement and dietary counselling in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection]. / Consejo nutricional aislado frente a suplemento y consejo nutricionales en pacientes con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Nutritional intervention is a controversial area. The aim of the study was to compare the influence on nutritional status of nutritional supplementation with a standard polymeric formula as well as nutritional counselling versus isolated nutritional counselling in a group of HIV-infected patients. PATIENTS AND METHOD: There were 70 patients, 66 of whom were fully evaluated for each study end point after application of prospectively determined evaluability criteria. Of these, 35 were randomized to group I (standard formula) and 35 were randomized to unsupplemented group II. Group I patients received standard enteral formula (3 cans/day, 250 ml per can). Patients were submitted to a prospective serial assessment of their nutrition status (anthropometric and biochemical status) and the nutritional intake was determined by means of 24-hours written food records. Determinations were performed at baseline and at 3 months. RESULTS: Treatment with oral supplements in group I resulted in a significant and sustained increase in weight (2.75%; p < 0.05) which was mostly due to fat mass (10.8%; p < 0.05). In contrast, no changes were detected in group II patients. The increase in body weight and tricipital skinfold was significant in group I. Total body water and fat free-mass remained without changes. CD4 counts and viral load remained stable in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Oral nutritional supplements for a 3-months period resulted in body weight gain in HIV-infected patients, increasing the fat mass. An isolated nutritional counselling did not result in such an increase.

Consejo nutricional aislado frente a suplemento y consejo nutricionales en pacientes con infecciónpor el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana / Isolated dietary counselling program versus supplement and dietary counselling in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection

FUNDAMENTO Y OBJETIVO: La intervención nutricional en pacientes con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) es un aspecto controvertido. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue comparar la influencia en el estado nutricional de la administración de un suplemento nutricional frente a la educación nutricional sin suplementación. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Se aleatorizó a 70 pacientes, 66 fueron totalmente evaluados. De estos pacientes, 35 fueron incluidos en el grupo I (suplementación con fórmula) y 35 en el grupo II (consejo nutricional). Los pacientes del grupo I recibieron tres botes de 250 ml de una fórmula normocalórica y consejo nutricional; el grupo II sólo recibió educación nutricional. A los pacientes se les realizó una evaluación nutricional antropométrica y bioquímica y evaluación inmunológica, así como una encuesta nutricional de 24 h, antes de la aleatorización y a los tres meses de iniciar el tratamiento. RESULTADOS: En los pacientes del grupo I se detectó un aumento significativo del peso (2,75 por ciento; p < 0,05), que fue debido al aumento de masa grasa (10,8 por ciento; p < 0,05); no se detectaron cambios en el grupo II. El agua corporal total y la masa libre de grasa permanecieron sin cambios en ambos grupos. El incremento de peso y masa grasa fue estadísticamente superior en el grupo I que en el II. El recuento de carga viral y de linfocitos CD4 se mantuvo estable en ambos grupos. CONCLUSIONES: La suplementación oral en un período de tres meses en pacientes con infección por el VIH aumenta su peso, debido al aumento de la masa grasa. La educación nutricional aislada no tuvo efectos sobre el peso (AU)