Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin Treatment of Hospitalized Patients Infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Senegal from March to October 2020.

As of today, little data is available on COVID-19 in African countries, where the case management relied mainly on a treatment by association between hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and azithromycin (AZM). This study aimed to understand the main clinical outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalized patients in Senegal from March to October 20202. We described the clinical characteristics of patients and analysed clinical status (alive and discharged versus hospitalized or died) at 15 days after Isolation and Treatment Centres (ITC) admission among adult patients who received HCQ plus AZM and those who did not receive this combination. A total of 926 patients were included in this analysis. Six hundred seventy-four (674) (72.8%) patients received a combination of HCQ and AZM. Results showed that the proportion of patient discharge at D15 was significantly higher for patients receiving HCQ plus AZM (OR: 1.63, IC 95% (1.09-2.43)). Factors associated with a lower proportion of patients discharged alive were: age ≥ 60 years (OR: 0.55, IC 95% (0.36-0.83)), having of at least one pre-existing disorder (OR: 0.61, IC 95% (0.42-0.90)), and a high clinical risk at admission following NEWS score (OR: 0.49, IC 95% (0.28-0.83)). Few side effects were reported including 2 cases of cardiac rhythmic disorders in the HCQ and AZM group versus 13 in without HCQ + AZM. An improvement of clinical status at 15 days was found for patients exposed to HCQ plus AZM combination.

[Primary breast tuberculosis in a man: a case report]. / Tuberculose mammaire primitive chez un sujet de sexe masculin : à propos d'un cas.

The breast tuberculosis accounts for 0.06 to 0.1% of extra-pulmonary localizations. Frequent in women, it remains exceptional in men. We report a rare case of primary breast tuberculosis occurring in a male patient. A 33-years-old patient presented with a chronic and fistulized non-inflammatory-right breast swelling with an atrophic cutaneous ulceration. The thoracic CT was in favor of a right breast abscess with a thick wall. The patient had received non-specific antibiotics (amoxicillin-clavulanate and metronidazole) for 10 days coupled with a surgical drainage before consulting us for persisting symptoms. The culture of the pus was sterile, the GeneXpert and the search for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) both performed on the swab of the ulceration were negative. Histopathological analysis of the lesion was in favor of a granulomatous mastitis. Given the chronic and atrophic nature of the ulceration, the histological aspect of granulomatous mastitis and the persisting symptoms despite the non-specific antibiotic therapy, we made a presumptive diagnostic of breast tuberculosis. The evolution was favorable with oral anti-tuberculosis treatment.

[Intestinal tuberculosis revealed by acute bowel obstruction during paradoxical reaction to antituberculosis treatment in an immunocompetent patient: about a case and literature review]. / Tuberculose intestinale révélée par une occlusion intestinale aigüe au cours d'une réaction paradoxale au traitement anti-tuberculeux chez un patient immunocompétent: à propos d'un cas et revue de la littérature.

Abdominal tuberculosis accounts for 3 to 5% of all visceral diseases. Despite the demonstrated effectiveness of anti-tuberculosis treatments, some cases of exacerbation of the initial clinical presentation have been described during the initiation of treatment. However, these reactions also known as "paradoxical" have been rarely reported in immunocompetent patients and much less in the case of bowel obstruction. We report a case of intestinal tuberculosis revealed by acute bowel obstruction during paradoxical reaction to anti-tuberculosis treatment. The study included a 26-year old immunocompetent patient with occlusive syndrome after a month of treatment for pleuropulmonary tuberculosis. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed small bowel obstruction. Laparotomy objectified intraperitoneal mass with multiple adhesions. Anatomo-pathological examination of the surgical specimen showed intestinal tuberculosis. Patient's outcome was favorable after the continuation of initial antituberculosis treatment.