Behavioral biometric optical tactile sensor for instantaneous decoupling of dynamic touch signals in real time.

Decoupling dynamic touch signals in the optical tactile sensors is highly desired for behavioral tactile applications yet challenging because typical optical sensors mostly measure only static normal force and use imprecise multi-image averaging for dynamic force sensing. Here, we report a highly sensitive upconversion nanocrystals-based behavioral biometric optical tactile sensor that instantaneously and quantitatively decomposes dynamic touch signals into individual components of vertical normal and lateral shear force from a single image in real-time. By mimicking the sensory architecture of human skin, the unique luminescence signal obtained is axisymmetric for static normal forces and non-axisymmetric for dynamic shear forces. Our sensor demonstrates high spatio-temporal screening of small objects and recognizes fingerprints for authentication with high spatial-temporal resolution. Using a dynamic force discrimination machine learning framework, we realized a Braille-to-Speech translation system and a next-generation dynamic biometric recognition system for handwriting.

Dynamic multimodal holograms of conjugated organogels via dithering mask lithography.

Polymeric materials have been used to realize optical systems that, through periodic variations of their structural or optical properties, interact with light-generating holographic signals. Complex holographic systems can also be dynamically controlled through exposure to external stimuli, yet they usually contain only a single type of holographic mode. Here, we report a conjugated organogel that reversibly displays three modes of holograms in a single architecture. Using dithering mask lithography, we realized two-dimensional patterns with varying cross-linking densities on a conjugated polydiacetylene. In protic solvents, the organogel contracts anisotropically to develop optical and structural heterogeneities along the third dimension, displaying holograms in the form of three-dimensional full parallax signals, both in fluorescence and bright-field microscopy imaging. In aprotic solvents, these heterogeneities diminish as organogels expand, recovering the two-dimensional periodicity to display a third hologram mode based on iridescent structural colours. Our study presents a next-generation hologram manufacturing method for multilevel encryption technologies.

Multi-Color Luminescence Transition of Upconversion Nanocrystals via Crystal Phase Control with SiO2 for High Temperature Thermal Labels.

Upconversion nanocrystals (UCNs)-embedded microarchitectures with luminescence color transition capability and enhanced luminescence intensity under extreme conditions are suitable for developing a robust labeling system in a high-temperature thermal industrial process. However, most UCNs based labeling systems are limited by the loss of luminescence owing to the destruction of the crystalline phase or by a predetermined luminescence color without color transition capability. Herein, an unusual crystal phase transition of UCNs to a hexagonal apatite phase in the presence of SiO2 nanoparticles is reported with the enhancements of 130-fold green luminescence and 52-fold luminance as compared to that of the SiO2-free counterpart. By rationally combining this strategy with an additive color mixing method using a mask-less flow lithography technique, single to multiple luminescence color transition, scalable labeling systems with hidden letters-, and multi-luminescence colored microparticles are demonstrated for a UCNs luminescence color change-based high temperature labeling system.

Highly Stable Upconverting Nanocrystal-Polydiacetylenes Nanoplates for Orthogonal Dual Signaling-Based Detection of Cyanide.

Although the unique optical signaling properties of polydiacetylene (PDA) have been exploited in diverse bio-chemosensors, the practical application of most PDA sensor systems is limited by their instability in harsh environments and fluorescence signal weakness. Herein, a universal design principle for a highly stable PDA sensor system with a practical dual signaling capability is developed to detect cyanide (CN) ions, which are commonly found in drinking water. Effective metal intercalation and enhanced hydrophobic intermolecular interactions between PDA-metal supramolecules are used to construct highly stacked PDA-metal nanoplates that feature unusual optical stability upon exposure to strong acids, bases, organic solvents, and thermal/mechanical stresses, and can selectively detect CN anions, concomitantly undergoing a specific supramolecular structure change. To realize the practical dual signaling capability of the PDA sensor system, upconverting nanocrystals (UCNs) are incorporated into highly stacked PDA-metal nanoplates, and practical dual signaling (orthogonal changes in luminescence and visible color) is demonstrated using a portable detection system. The presented universal design principle is expected to be suitable for the development of other highly stable and selective PDA sensor systems with practical dual signaling capability.