Additional organic and bacterium fertilizer input regulated soybean root architecture and dry matter distribution for a sustainable yield in the semi-arid Region of China.

In the dryland area of the Loess Plateau in northwest China, long-term excessive fertilization has led to soil compaction and nutrient loss, which in turn limits crop yield and soil productivity. To address this issue, we conducted experiments using environmentally friendly organic fertilizer and bacterium fertilizer. Our goal was to investigate the effects of additional organic and bacterium fertilizer inputs on soil water migration, crop root architecture, and yield formation. We implemented six different fertilizer strategies, namely: Nm (mulching, N 30 kg/ha), NPK1m (mulching, N 60 kg/ha; P 30 kg/ha; K 30 kg/ha), NPK2m (mulching, N 90 kg/ha; P 45 kg/ha; K 30 kg/ha), NPKOm (mulching, N 90 kg/ha; P 45 kg/ha; K 30 kg/ha; organic fertilizer 2 t/ha), NPKBm (mulching, N 60 kg/ha; P 30 kg/ha; K 30 kg/ha; bacterium fertilizer 10 kg/ha), and N (N 30 kg/ha; no mulching). The results revealed that the addition of bacterium fertilizer (NPKBm) had a positive impact on soybean root system development. Compared with the other treatments, it significantly increased the total root length, total root surface area, and total root length density by 25.96% ~ 94.89%, -19.63% ~ 36.28%, and 9.36% ~ 28.84%, respectively. Furthermore, NPKBm enhanced soil water consumption. In 2018, water storage during the flowering and podding periods decreased by 12.63% and 19.65%, respectively, while water consumption increased by 0.97% compared to Nm. In 2019, the flowering and harvest periods decreased by 23.49% and 11.51%, respectively, while water consumption increased by 0.65%. Ultimately, NPKBm achieved high grain yield and significantly increased water use efficiency (WUE), surpassing other treatments by 76.79% ~ 78.97% and 71.22% ~ 73.76%, respectively. Subsequently, NPK1m also exhibited significant increases in yield and WUE, with improvements of 35.58% ~ 39.27% and 35.26% ~ 38.16%, respectively. The use of bacterium fertilizer has a profound impact on soybean root architecture, leading to stable and sustainable grain yield production.

[Optimization of L-glutamic acid racemization reaction with capillary array electrophoresis].

L-Glutamic acid (Glu) racemization research is of great importance for the preparation of optical pure D-Glu. In the present work, we studied L-Glu racemization reaction through Schiff base intermediate by using capillary array electrophoresis (CAE) with 532 nm laser-induced confocal fluorescence detection. The racemization products were labeled by carboxytetramethylrhodamine succinimidyl ester (TAMRA) and analyzed in a 100 mmol/L Tris-borate buffer (pH 10) system containing 2 mmol/L beta-CD by CAE. Under this condition, the TAMRA-Glu enantiomer can be completely separated. The influences of the type and dosage of the aldehyde, organic acids, as well as the water content in the reaction system on the racemization were examined in detail, and L-Glu was racemized quickly in the presence of 0. 2 molar ratio of L-Glu to salicylaldehyde (as the catalyzer) in acetic acid containing 20% (v/v) water.

Home-made capillary array electrophoresis for high-throughput amino acid analysis.

A capillary array electrophoresis (CAE) with confocal rotary scanner for high-throughput carboxytetramethylrhodamine succinimidyl ester (TAMRA)-labeled amino acid (AA) analysis is presented. Performance of the CAE setup was evaluated with AA samples. Up to 128 capillaries could be detected in parallel. For the first time, the device was applied to separate the enantiomers of isoleucine, cysteine, and glutamic acid with cyclodextrin-modified electrolytes by capillary zone electrophoresis. Baseline separation of seven AAs is also demonstrated using micellar electrokinetic chromatography method.

Capillary array electrophoresis for the research of racemization reaction of L-amino acids.

Research to the racemization reaction of L-amino acids is performed through a laboratory-made 16-channel capillary array electrophoresis. The impact factors such as catalyst, solvent, and reactive time which influenced the racemization reaction are screened, the experimental results proved that the capillary array electrophoresis is qualified as combinatorial enantiomeric screening system.

High-throughput screening for the asymmetric transformation reaction of L-histidine to D-histidine by capillary array electrophoresis.

Asymmetric transformation reaction of L-histidine to D-histidine was studied by homemade capillary array electrophoresis for the first time. The enantiomeric excess value of asymmetric histidine products can be directly determined from the electrophoretogram of capillary array electrophoresis. The experiment results showed that the optimized asymmetric transformation reaction condition was in the presence of salicylaldehyde as catalyst and acetic acid as solvent.

Capillary array electrophoresis for the research of asymmetric transformation reaction of L-proline to D-proline.

One asymmetric transformation reaction of L-proline (L-Pro) to D-proline was studied by a home-made capillary array electrophoresis (CAE) for the first time. The aldehyde catalysts and the organic acid solvents for the asymmetric transformation reaction were rapidly screened and the enantiomeric excess values of the asymmetric product of L-Pro were directly obtained from the electrophoretogram of CAE.

Capillary array electrophoresis with confocal fluorescence rotary scanner.

A capillary array electrophoresis system with a rotary confocal fluorescence scanner is reported. A high speed direct current rotary motor, combined with a rotary encoder and a reflection mirror, has been designed to direct the excitation laser beam precisely to a round array of capillaries which are symmetrically distributed around the motor. The rotary encoder is introduced to accurately orientate the position of each capillary and its output signal triggers the data acquisition system to record the fluorescence signal corresponding to each capillary. Separation of enantiomers of glutamic acid, methionine and tryptophan with different additives are demonstrated by this system. The experimental results indicate that this setup can be used to optimize separation methods for capillary electrophoresis as quickly as possible.