[Comparative evaluation of the influence of homogenate and enzymatic hydrolyzate of mussels' meat in the growth rats and their protein assimilation].

The experiment in vivo by a comparative assessment of the biological value of peptide fractions in structure of enzymatic hydrolyzates of mussels' meat and protein in structure of homogenate of mussels' meat (raw material) was carried out. The experiment was made in growing male rats of Wistar line, who got semi-synthetic diet with a source of protein presented by homogenate of mussels meat and enzymatic hydrolyzate of mussels meat. Throughout the study were defined the individual parameters of palatability of feed and increase of body weight of each animal; during the so-called exchange period, besides the listed parameters, were taken into account the quantity of nitrogen removed with excrement. Biological value of protein in structure of homogenate of mussels meat and peptide fractions in structure of enzymatic hydrolyzate of mussels meat was evaluated by determining the coefficient of efficiency of the protein and true digestibility of the protein. The findings show a high biological value of new source of protein - enzymatic hydrolyzate of mussels meat, the prospectivity of the further researches by evaluating a possible antistress properties of enzymatic hydrolyzate of mussels meat, as well as the opportunity of its use as a component of preventive food product of a broad spectrum of action.

[Nutrition value of tropical and subtropical fruits].

The article is devoted to the study of the chemical composition of tropical and subtropical fruit (avocado, papaya and mango), which are now in great numbers are on the appeared on the Russian market. Due to use technology tropical and subtropical fruits can be implemented in almost all areas and regions of the country. Relatively low cost makes these products quite popular among the people. In domestic scientific literature there are no systematic data describing the chemical composition of these tropical and subtropical fruits sold in the domestic market, while the information needed to calculate food and energy value of diets and culinary products derived from tropical and subtropical fruit. Avocado fruits are sources of insoluble dietary fiber content of which was equal to 12.2%, as well as minerals. The study of the fatty acid composition of lipids avocados showed high content of oleic acid fruit, which accounts for 53.2% of total fatty acids in these fruits. Which makes them a valuable source of unsaturated fatty acids.

[Interaction of the dietary fibers with different functional food ingredients].

The aspects of dietary fibers' and different food ingredients' interaction are considered in this article; in particular, the questions of dietary fibers' interaction with the main foodstuff components (proteins, fats, vitamins, etc.), especially functional purpose; and the interaction of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), which is part of dietary fiber, with the main foodstuff components--protein, vitamins and antioxidants (tocopherol, and riboflavin). It was found that with increasing of MCC content in the diet, there was increase of vitamins sorption (especially tocopherol), with its maximum at 3 g of MCC. This is probably due to the relatively high porosity and properties of MCC to absorb and retain water, lipids and other food ingredients. These findings point to the need to consider the possibility of sorption of polysaccharides and, in particular in the preparation of starch-rich foods and dietary recommendations for their use.

[Dietary fiber content in the various groups of foods of plant origin].

The article presents data on the content of soluble, insoluble and total dietary fiber in foods Russian and CIS countries of origin (528 samples (47 types) of food). Conducted a comparative analysis of these data with data on the content of dietary fiber in analogous products on the European market. Statistical analysis of the results was conducted on a PC program designed to package "Microsoft Excel office 2003", using the library of statistical functions. Comparative analysis revealed significant differences in content of various fractions of dietary fiber in plant food of domestic production compared to similar products of the production of the European Union, particularly Germany, more than 1/3 of the time. These differences can't be explained by analytical errors, because, for the purposes of these studies used the method recommended by the Codex Alimentarius Commission to conduct similar studies. Consequently, the results are directly related to differences in the chemical composition of domestic food products, compared with foreign counterparts, which determines the further development and refinement of existing tables of chemical composition. Thus, our data on the content of soluble, insoluble and total dietary fiber can enhance the chemical composition of Russian food. In addition, studies show once again the need for the Russian Federation of their own, national tables of chemical composition of foods, consistent with modern scientific and technological level of development.

[Composition and content of biologically active substances in rose hips].

The paper studies the chemical composition of the powders obtained from the pulp with the skins and seeds of fruits of wild rose hips. Research results have shown that the main fraction of the powder is dietary fiber, powder of seeds of insoluble fiber in 1,6 and 2,3 higher than in the powder of the fruit with a thin skin and pulp, respectively. The greatest amount of carbohydrates and protein found in powders and pulp of the fruit with a thin skin, and lipids predominate in the powder from the seeds. Found that the lipid powder rosehip richest in oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids, the share of oleic acid has 6,4-19,2%, linoleic and linolenic 19,7-45,8 and 23,3-33,9% of the amount of fatty acids. Lipids powders of hips and seeds of rose have higher levels of essential linoleic acid and powder from the pulp with the skins - linolenic acid. In the study established the presence of sterols 7 fractions, the predominant of which is the beta-sitosterol. In the powder from the pulp with the skins found the greatest amount of ascorbic acid, carotenoids, and the powder of seeds - vitamin E. Carotenoids in powders are beta-carotene and lycopene. The high content of ascorbic acid, vitamin E and carotenoids in powder from wild rose hips makes them a good source of antioxidants. Therefore, we studied the possibility of using vegetable powders obtained from hips of wild rose, to enrich biologically active substances such as vitamins C, E and carotenoids, food supply, particularly of health care use. Rosehip powder from the pulp with the skins had the highest antioxidant activity, antioxidant activity of hips powders was 74% of the activity of powder from the pulp with the skins, the lowest antioxidant activity was observed in the powder from the wild rose seeds. That's way, based on the analysis of the chemical composition of rose hip powder found high levels they ascorbic acid, carotenoids, flavonoids,found their high antioxidant activity. It allows to recommend powders produced from the hips, as a source of physiologically functional ingredients for the production of fortified food products, especially medical and prophylactic purposes. The use of such additives will fill the gap in the body of P-active substances, vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, pectin substances.

[Assessment of biological value of protein-peptide ingredients of functional drink in growing rats].

The abstract is devoted to research in vivo on the growing rats of biological value of protein hydrolyzate of meat-and-bone residues of poultry, fortified by defatted cow milk. Cow milk casein was chosen as a template. PER was determined by growing method, based on lab animals' growth rate assessment. True protein digestibility was determined by balance method. The indices were fixed individually for each animal and then the group mean value was calculated. Accessibility of protein hydrolyzate of meat-and-bone residues of poultry fortified by defatted cow milk equals 100%. PER is 1.25 lower in comparison with casein, which can be explained by a lower retention.

[Variability of the plasma proteome in healthy people (report 1)].

The last decade has seen intense development of proteomic technologies have opened new perspectives for rapid large-scale screening of biological samples in order to find biomarkers of various diseases or conditions. However, in order to adequately evaluate the possibility of using protein as a biomarker, it is necessary to know how much its concentration varies widely in healthy people. This project aims to explore the limits of the concentration of protein components of plasma in healthy people.

[Influence of chitosan on growth rates and protein metabolism in rats].

The results of this experiment indicate that the content of chitosan in the experimental diet of rats influence on the true biological value of protein (BVtr) in the composition of this diet. The change (decrease) BVtr is not directly proportional to the content of chitosan in the diet. The minimum value of BVtr obtained by us has been observed by adding chitosan in an amount of 1.8 grams per 100 grams of dry diet.

[Evaluation of dietary intake of indigenous and alien populations in Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District].

The paper describes the investigation of the actual food consumption in 102 adult residents of both sexes in settlements Harp, Aksarka and Beloyarsk in Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District - YNAD. The dietary intake of individuals were studied by 24-hour recall methodology adopted for Russian features in the Institute of Nutrition of RAMS. An assessment of differences of the actual consumption of energy and nutrients for newcomers and indigenous populations were performed.

[Effect of microcrystalline cellulose and wheat bran on growth rates and on biological value, assimilated protein and lipid metabolism].

We study the dynamics of indicators of biological value and protein and lipid digestibility content of total cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood serum of rats treated for 4 weeks semisynthetic diet with elevated the levels of microcrystalline cellulose and wheat bran. The content of microcrystalline cellulose in the diet of animals in the 0.2 and 2.0 grams per 100 grams of dry food, and wheat bran in the amount of 0.2 grams per 100 grams of dry food leads to a significant decrease in the true biological value protein. The introduction of the diet 0.2 and 2.0 grams of microcrystalline cellulose observed a significant increase in the level of cholesterol in the blood serum. And with the introduction of the diet 0.2 and 2.0 grams of wheat bran, a significant increase in the content of triglycerides in serum.

[Effect of carrageenan on indices of protein biological value and assimilability].

Influence of different levels of dietary carrageenan (0.2; 0.6, 2% with 18% casein) after 4 weeks in rats on coefficients of biological value (PER, NPR, NPUtr u BVtr) and digestibility (Dtr) of protein, microflore in cecum and morphometric data in distal part of small intestine were studied. There were found adverse changes of coefficients of biological value (NPUtr, BVtr) and digestibility (Dtr) after 2% dose of carrageenan. Chandes in microflore of cecum and worse of morphometric data in small intestine were observed.

[Influence of chitosan on clinical-biochemical rates and protein metabolism of patients with cardiovascular diseases].

The article tells about influence of combined chitosan (5 g/day) and triweekly dietotherapy on clinical-biochemical rates and nitrogen balance of patients with cardiovascular diseases. We obtained data indicating negative influence of chitosan on nitrogen balance.

[Dietary fiber: terms and definition].

The article tells about principal of classification of Dietary Fiber (DF), DF is defined as nondigestible carbohydrates and lignin that are intrinsic and intact in plants. The represent review reports on methods to determine content DF in foods.

[Efficiecy of application assessment of grain bread in diettherapy of patients of elderly ages with cardiovascular diseases].

It was investigated the influence of a diet supplemented with grain bread on dynamic and of lipid profile metabolism in patients with ischemic heart disease, hypertension and hyperlipoproteidemia. It was shown that antiaterosclerotic diet with including bread has promoted the most positive changes of the hypertension and serum cholesterol.

[The investigation of influent of antiatherosclerotic diets with inulin on clinical and metabolic parameters in patients with cardiovascular diseases].

The investigation of influent of antiatherosclerotic diets with inulin on clinical and metabolic parameters in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Results of the study show that enrichment of a diets with inulin in patients with ishemic heart disease and hypertension improved clinic status, antropometric levels, lipid spectrum of blood and immune status. The research has shown, that the use in the treat-preventive purposes inulin is rather perspective.

[Content dietary fiber in nutrition products of vegetative origin].

Is described Enzymatic-Gravimetric method to determine content DF in foods. Percentage of DF in some plant products: several, vegetable and some other.

[The study of influence of chitosan on clinical, metabolic and immune parameters in patients with cardiovascular diseases].

The investigation of influent of antiatherosclerotic diets with chitosan on clinical and metabolic parameters in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Results of the study show that enrichment of a diet with chitosan in patients with ishemic heart disease and hypertension improved clinic, immune status, antropometric levels and lipid spectrum of blood. The research has shown, that the use in the treat-preventive purposes chitosan is rather perspective.

[The influence of dietary inulin and oligofructose on the cell-mediated and humoral immunity in rats].

This paper reviews evidence for the immune-enhancing effects of prebiotics. The influence of inulin and oligofructose on the immune functions and the structure of immune peripheral organs in male Wistar rats was investigated after 4 months feeding. Rats fed isocaloric purified diets contained 10% inulin or oligofructose. The rats of control group had no feeding any prebiotics. The enlargement of a number of T-cells and increasing of major histocompatibility complex (MHC-II) molecule on the surface of an antigen-presenting cells of spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, thymus was noted. The increasing of content interleukin-2 and interleukin-4 in blood was noted in rats fed inulin and oligofructose. The increased activity of peritoneal macrophages was confirmed by enhance superoxid anion production and phagocytosis. The dietary prebiotics do not influence on the apoptosis of immunocytes. The immune-enhancing effects of prebiotics was confirmed by morphological investigation of peripheral lymphoid organs.