RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The primary objective was to explore perinatal and neonatal outcomes amongst infants who received intrauterine transfusion (IUT) for the management of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). The secondary objective was to evaluate the role of key investigations in the fetus at risk of HDFN and assess the relationship with neonatal outcomes. We hypothesized that middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (MCA-PSV) and corresponding multiples of the median (MoM) would be predictive of neonatal course. METHODS: This was a retrospective observational study conducted at a tertiary center in the United Kingdom between January 2000 and August 2020. Trust approval was obtained to conduct this service review. Pregnancies requiring IUT for HDFN were identified using the fetal medicine department database. Inclusion criteria were infants who received IUT for HDFN. 67 pregnancies were eligible for inclusion in the study with 156 IUT events. Data were extracted using healthcare records. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 28.0, data were assessed for normality and Spearman's correlation analysis was performed with p values < .05 considered significant. RESULTS: 67 pregnancies were included in the study which led to the live birth of 68 infants (one twin pregnancy). There were no fetal deaths following IUT. There was one neonatal death due to extreme prematurity following spontaneous vaginal delivery at 23 + 4 weeks gestation, occurring three days following IUT. 97% of infants required admission to the neonatal intensive care unit and 88% required phototherapy. 25% of infants required readmission for red blood cell transfusion due to anemia. There was a significant correlation between maternal anti-D antibody levels and length of neonatal admission r = 0.477, p = .014. MCA-PSV and MoM measured prior to the last IUT had a significant positive correlation with the duration of phototherapy: r = 0.527 (p < .001) and r = 0.313 (p < .05) respectively. Linear regression analysis demonstrated a significant positive relationship between MCA-PSV and corresponding MoM recorded prior to the last IUT with r2= 0.177 (p = .003) and r2= 0.101 (p = .029). CONCLUSION: HDFN is an important cause of fetal anemia associated with significant neonatal morbidity. MCA-PSV and MoM may be predictive of neonatal phototherapy requirements. The predictive value of MCA-PSV appears to be dependent on the timing of measurement during the antenatal period and more research is needed. Multicentre collaboration is required to generate a reliable large-scale database to further delineate the value of MCA-PSV and MoM and predict neonatal outcomes in cases of HDFN requiring IUT. This data would assist clinicians in antenatal planning and enable more informed counseling of parents in the antenatal period.
