Long-term survival after combined modality treatment in metastatic bladder cancer patients presenting with supra-regional tumor positive lymph nodes only.

AIMS: To evaluate if combined treatment should be offered to bladder cancer patients presenting with supra-regional lymph node metastases only and a clinical complete or partial response after chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We identified 14 patients with supra-regional lymph node metastases out of 394 patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) treated in our institute with cystectomy and regional and supra-regional lymph node dissection between 1987 and 2007. Prior to cystectomy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy had been given. The patients received a total of four cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy. RESULTS: Five patients had a CR, nine patients had a PR after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Histopathological proof of complete response in the bladder was confirmed in all five cases. One of these five patients had a CR in the bladder but pelvic lymph nodes still contained vital tumor. Five patients had no tumor in the lymph nodes, whereas four had tumor in the lymph nodes. Eleven patients died due to bladder cancer, seven of them within 1 year after cystectomy. The 3- and 5-year disease-specific survival rates were 36% (95% CI: 10-60%) and 24% (95% CI: 0-49%). Mean follow-up was 2.5 years. CONCLUSIONS: Combination therapy consisting of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery in selected patients with tumor positive supra-regional lymph nodes only can result in durable long-term survival rates (24% 5-year survival). Response evaluation after neoadjuvant chemotherapy might play a decisive role in the selection of patients undergoing subsequent surgical removal of all known tumor sites.

Neck management in medullary thyroid carcinoma.

AIMS: The aims of this study were to retrospectively evaluate incidence and patterns of lymph node metastases, surgical treatment and prognostic factors of medullary thyroid carcinoma. METHODS: Out of a group of 70 MTC patients data of 67 patients were collected. Sixty-two of these patients underwent surgery. Apart from thyroidectomy, 16 patients underwent a bilateral neck dissection, 21 a unilateral neck dissection and 29 a paratracheal dissection or node-picking operation. Thirty-six patients were irradiated, of which 31 postoperatively and five with palliative intent. RESULTS: Lymph node metastases were found in 91% of the ipsilateral neck dissection specimens, 91% of the paratracheal dissections and 63% of the contralateral dissections. Of the 12 elective neck dissections, 5 were tumor positive. Level VI was positive in 91% of the cases where a dissection was done, whereas preoperatively only 16% were scored tumor positive. During follow-up 22 of the 67 patients developed one or more locoregional recurrences (in total 28 recurrences). The most important factors that were correlated with a worse prognosis of survival were late stage of disease (stage III and IV) (p=0.0014), high number of positive lymph nodes (p=0.0023) and incomplete surgical resection (p=0.0002). CONCLUSIONS: The high rate of locoregional recurrences in this study are a strong argument for a more aggressive approach to the primary and neck. A routine central and ipsilateral selective neck dissection of levels II-V should be considered in all MTC patients based on the high incidence of metastases and the relative low morbidity of a unilateral neck dissection. Patients referred after thyroidectomy alone with elevated (stimulated) calcitonin levels should be re-operated, performing an elective or therapeutic central and unilateral neck dissection.

Lithium pharmacokinetics during cisplatin-based chemotherapy: a case report.

A 33-year-old patient, treated for several years with lithium carbonate for a manic depressive disorder, received four courses of combination chemotherapy (bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin) after the diagnosis of disseminated testicular cancer. Lithium therapy was continued throughout all the courses. Serum and urine lithium concentrations were determined during and between all chemotherapy courses. During the first course a transient 64% decrease in serum lithium concentrations was found. This effect became less pronounced during the consecutive courses. The changes in serum lithium concentrations were without perceptible clinical significance. However, careful monitoring of serum lithium concentrations is mandatory in patients treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy, as this is accompanied by profound disturbances of lithium pharmacokinetics.

Response of brain metastases from breast cancer to systemic chemotherapy.

In a prospective, nonrandomized study, the response of brain metastases (BM) from breast cancer to a standard systemic chemotherapy regimen was measured by clinical follow-up and serial computed tomography (CT) scans. Treatment consisted of 4-week courses of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil (CMF) in 20 patients or 3-week courses of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and 5-fluorouracil (CAF) in 2 patients. Seven patients had previously received CMF or CAF as adjuvant treatment or for progressive systemic disease. Another seven patients had been previously treated for BM with the use of surgery and/or radiation therapy (RT). Based on the results of clinical follow-up and CT scan, a response that lasted at least 6 weeks was seen in 13 patients (59%; 95% confidence interval, 37% to 80%), including 4 of the 7 patients with recurrent BM. Objective tumor regression occurred after two courses of chemotherapy in 76% of the patients who could be examined and after six courses in 47%. The median duration of neurologic remission in the 13 patients was 30 weeks (range, 15 to 66 weeks). The median overall survival time was 25 weeks (range, 2 to 83 weeks). The response rate of systemic disease paralleled the neurologic response. When compared with a matched group of historical control subjects treated with RT alone, chemotherapy induced a higher rate of neurologic response and led to a longer survival time. These results warrant further studies on the use of chemotherapy in BM from breast cancer.