Motile aeromonad septicemia (MAS) at Cyprinus carpio L, 1758 (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae) in Lake Tödürge (Sivas/Turkey) / [Septicemia móvel por aeromonada (SMA) em Cyprinus carpio L, 1758 (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae) no lago Tödürge (Sivas, Turquia)]

In this study, fish's morphologic and anatomic lesions caused by motile aeromonad septicemia (MAS) depending on environmental stress in carp, Cyprinus carpio population living in Lake Tödürge were identified. Various morphological and anatomical deformations and lesions were observed in the body of approximately 17% (252 fish specimens) of a total of 1488 carp samples. Bacteria are grown from all wipe samples. Bacterial colonies have a gray-white appearance with round, convex and smooth edges. 15-20 cfu colonies were observed in each aerop culture. As a result of analysis of wet wipe samples from infected fish's skin, gill, kidney and liver, it is determined that the bacteria which causes septicemia is Aeromonas sobria from the Aeromonadaceae family (with 99.2% confidence value). No bacteria were grown in cultures except A. sobria. Some symptoms of the infection are inflammation on different parts of the fish bodies, eruption on skin and scales, dermal necrosis, degeneration at soft rays of the fins, exophthalmos, and purulent liquid accumulation in the abdominal cavity, etc. Infected fish were most commonly encountered in July and August (water temperature above 20ºC), the lowest in October and November (water temperature below 10ºC).(AU)

Neste estudo, foram identificadas lesões morfológicas e anatômicas causadas por septicemia móvel por aeromônios (MPA), dependendo do estresse ambiental da carpa, a população de Cyprinus carpio que vive no lago Tödürge foi identificada. Várias deformações e lesões morfológicas e anatômicas foram observadas no corpo de aproximadamente 17% (252 amostras de peixes) de um total de 1488 amostras de carpa. As bactérias são cultivadas a partir de todas as amostras de limpeza. As colônias bacterianas têm uma aparência branco-acinzentada, com bordas arredondadas, convexas e lisas. Foram observadas 15-20 colônias de UFC em cada cultura de aerop. Como resultado da análise de amostras de lenços umedecidos da pele, brânquias, rins e fígado de peixes infectados, é determinado que a bactéria que causa a septicemia é a Aeromonas sobria, da família Aeromonadaceae (com valor de confiança de 99,2%). Nenhuma bactéria foi cultivada em culturas, exceto A. sobria. Alguns sintomas da infecção são inflamação em diferentes partes dos corpos dos peixes, erupção na pele e escamas, necrose dérmica, degeneração aos raios moles das barbatanas, exoftalmia e acúmulo de líquido purulento na cavidade abdominal, entre outros. Os peixes infectados eram encontrados com maior frequência em julho e agosto (temperatura da água acima de 20ºC), e eram menos comumente encontrados em outubro e novembro (temperatura da água abaixo de 10ºC).(AU)

The effects of pentoxifylline treatment on bacterial translocation after hemorrhagic shock in rats.

Bacterial translocation is thought to be responsible for infectious complications after hemorrhagic shock. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pentoxifylline treatment on bacterial translocation in animals subjected to hemorrhagic shock. Thirty-one Wistar albino rats (280-360 g) were divided into three groups: sham (n=10), shock (n=11), and shock-pentoxifylline (n=10). Blood was not withdrawn from sham rats. Shock rats were subjected to 30 min of shock followed by reinfusion of shed blood. Shock/pentoxifylline rats received pentoxifylline after reinfusion of shed blood. After hemorrhage and reinfusion (24 h), the mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and blood samples were evaluated using quantitative microbiological techniques, and the numbers of colony-forming units were compared between groups. Cecum was removed to evaluate the bacterial population. Ileum and cecum were examined histologically. The incidence of bacterial translocation was higher in the shocked rats (63%) than in the sham shock rats (10%). Pentoxifylline reduced the incidence of shock-induced bacterial translocation to 0%. Cecal bacterial levels were significantly higher in the shock rats than in the sham and shock/pentoxifylline rats. The histological damage caused by hemorrhagic shock was prevented by pentoxifylline treatment. In conclusion, the hemorrhagic shock triggered translocation of bacteria to the mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and blood of rats. Pentoxifylline treatment just after shed blood transfusion significantly attenuated this phenomenon.

Tuberculous pericarditis: a report of three cases.

Three cases with the rare condition of tuberculous pericarditis are reported.

The influence of maternal iron deficiency anaemia on the haemoglobin concentration of the infant.

Serum ferritin, iron, and haemoglobin (Hb) values of 27 pregnant women who did not receive oral iron therapy during pregnancy, and Hb of their normal full-term babies were determined. Maternal blood samples were obtained at 16 and 24 weeks of pregnancy and infants' blood samples were obtained at the first day and 3 months of life. Mothers were divided into two groups according to their serum ferritin values. By analysing the results we were not able to detect any correlation between maternal ferritin, Hb, and newborn gestational age, and Hb and birth weight. The same was found when the groups were compared by a maternal serum ferritin above and below 12 ng/ml.

Intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of Salmonella typhimurium infections in preterm neonates.

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) administration in preterm neonates with S. typhimurium infection. A randomized trial of 47 preterm neonates with intestinal or extraintestinal S. typhimurium infection was performed. Neonates were randomly divided into two groups: 22 neonates were only given cefoperazone (group 1); 25 neonates were given cefoperazone plus IVIG (group 2). IVIG was given at a dose of 500 mg/kg on days 1, 2, 3, and 8 after entry into the study. Following treatment, bacteremia, complications, mortality rate, recovery time, and duration of antimicrobial therapy were evaluated in two groups. Bacteremia was found in 31.4% in group 1 and 8% in group 2 (P < .05); complications developed in 81.8% in group 1 and 16% in group 2 (P < 0.01); mortality was 40.9% in group 1 and 12% in group 2 (P < .05). Recovery took 15 days in group 1 and 8 days in group 2 (P < .01). The duration of antimicrobial therapy was 20 days in group 1 and 14 days in group 2 (P < .01). We conclude that IVIG treatment in combination with antibiotics in preterm neonates with S. typhimurium infection reduces the complications, mortality rate, and duration of therapy.

[Incidence of oral candidiasis in diabetic patients]. / Diabetik hastalarda oral kandida insidansi.

Yeast infections play an important role in diabetics. Therefore poorly controlled diabetics and diabetics who have high levels of serum glucose carry a high risk. In the present study, 52 diabetics aged between 17-75 years old have been investigated by means of the incidence of oral candida and have been compared with control group of 33 healthy individuals. In poorly controlled diabetics, the rate of candida growth found high. It is also observed that this ratio is higher in type I than type II, and candida growth rate increased as well as serum glucose level. All of these results are found to be statistically important.

[Chlamydia trachomatis IgA and IgG antibodies in prostitutes and women having spontaneous abortion]. / Genelev kadinlarinda ve düsük yapan kadinlarda Chlamydia trachomatis IgA ve IgG antikorlarinin arastirilmasi.

In this study, the sera taken from 34 prostitutes, 34 women having spontaneous abortion and 34 control group were tested for C. trachomatis IgA and IgG antibodies. C. trachomatis antibodies were found positive in 30 (88.2%) of prostitutes, 11 (32.3%) of women having spontaneous abortion, 9 (26.4%) of controls. When the positivity rate of prostitutes and women having spontaneous abortion compared with control groups statistically, it was found significant in prostitutes (p < 0.05), but not found significant in women having spontaneous abortion (p > 0.05).

Relation between the intestinal flora and diaper dermatitis in infancy.

In this study, 40 patients with diaper dermatitis and 20 healthy infants were investigated. Mycological and bacteriological cultures were obtained from affected and healthy skin areas and stool specimens. Candida albicans was isolated simultaneously in 37 out of 40 patients subjected to mycological examination of skin lesions and stool specimen cultures. Of 34 Gram-stained smears from the skin lesions, 27 revealed Candida in hyphal form. In the control group, C. albicans was not grown from the diaper area. No significant difference was observed in the growth of bacteria from the skin with or without lesions (p greater than 0.05). In conclusion, C. albicans-infection originating from the gastrointestinal tract, plays a major role in diaper dermatitis. Thus, a Gram-stained smear can be used as a practical method in early diagnosis.

[Early detection of bacteremia in infancy]. / Süt çoçugunda baktereminin erken tanimi.

The detection of bacteremia in children less than 24 months of age with fever, is very important, since these patients are at serious risk pyogenic complication. The administration of antibiotics in accordance with the results of cultures is too time consuming. So, several laboratory detection bacteremia must be carried out. In this study, blood cultures, the elevation of white blood cell count, toxic granulation and vacuolization in neutrophils were investigated in 56 children with suspicion of bacteremia. 32 of them were males and 24 females. The positive results were obtained in 41.1% in blood cultures. Positive predictive accuracy were 66.6% and 52.3% for vacuolization and toxic granulation respectively. The presence of these were considered as adjunctive procedures in the early diagnosis of bacteremia.

[Bacteria isolated from urine and renal tissue samples and their relation to renal histology]. / Idrarda ve böbrek doku örneklerinde üretilen bakteriler ve böbrekteki histolojik degisiklikler ile iliskileri.

The bacteria from the urine and renal biopsy specimens of 40 patients undergoing renal surgery were isolated and their relations with renal histology investigated. The urine cultures were positive in 14 patients, the same organisms being isolated from the renal tissue in 7 cases. In 6 patients with negative urine cultures, bacteria were isolated from renal tissues. Of the 28 cases pathologically diagnosed as chronic pyelonephritis, bacteria were isolated from the renal tissue in 13 cases, the urine cultures being positive in only 11 cases. E. coli was the most commonly encountered bacteria in both the urine and renal tissues.

[Relationship of gastric aspirate fluid examination to infections in the newborn infant in cases of premature rupture of the membranes]. / Erken membran rüptürü olan yenidoganlarda gastrik aspirasyon sivisi incelenmesinin enfeksiyonlarla iliskisi.

In fifty newborn babies, gastric aspirate fluids obtained during the one-hour post partum period were examined from the stand point of PML and cultures. A susceptibility to infections (especially lung infections and sepsis) were established in 8 (30.8%) out of 26 cases with EMR more than twelve hours. PML counts of these cases were 13 and more than 13 per high power field. Significant differences were found between the babies with and without EMR, from the point-of-view of PML count in gastric aspirate fluid and the increased incidence of infections (p less than 0.05).

[Food poisoning caused by Bacillus cereus]. / Bacillus cereus'a bagli toplu besin zehirlenmesi.

An outbreak of food poisoning was observed in Sivas on March 27, 1985 involving 25 patients who work at the same place. Clinical picture was characterized with nausea, abdominal pain and watery diarrhea. B. cereus was isolated from the stool of 4 patients. No other enteropathogens were found.

[Relationship between neonatal group B streptococcal colonization and the maternal urogenital and anorectal system carrier state]. / Neonatal grup B streptokok kolonizasyonunun annelerdeki ürogenital ve anorektal sistem tasiyiciligi ile iliskisi.

In pregnant women, the main reservoirs of group B streptococci are rectum and urethra. The mother's birth canal and the newborn infant easily contact the organisms from these sites. We studied 40 women and their newborn babies to determine the relation between the maternal carriage and the neonatal group B streptococcal colonization. Vaginal, urethral and rectal swabs obtained from all pregnant women during labor. Within a few minutes after birth and on day 4 of life swab specimens were also taken from the external auditory canal, throat and umbilicus of the infants. The overall maternal carriage rate was found to be 10.0 percent. The frequency of transmission to the neonates was found to be 25.0 percent among maternal carriers. In early neonatal period, the colonization rate of group B streptococci was found to be 2,5 percent among the newborn population.