A systematic review on the molecular and clinical association between Human Papillomavirus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus co-infection in Head, Neck and Oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Head and neck cancer, one of the most commonly prevalent malignancies globally is a complex category of tumours that comprises cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. A specific subgroup of such cancers has been found with some unique chromosomal, therapeutic, and epidemiologic traits with the possibility of affecting via co-infection. About 25% of all head and neck cancers in the population are human papillomavirus infection (HPV)-associated, typically developing in the oropharynx, which comprises the tonsils. In the period of efficient combined antiviral treatment, HPV-positive oral cancers are also becoming a significant contributor to illness and fatality for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected persons. Although the prevalence and historical background of oral HPV transmission are not thoroughly understood, it seems likely that oral HPV transmission is relatively frequent in HIV-infected people when compared to the overall population. Therefore, there is a need to understand the mechanisms leading to this co-infection, as there is very little research related to that. Hence, this study mainly focus on the therapeutical and biomedical analysis of HPV and HIV co-infection in the above-mentioned cancer, including oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Anti-diabetic efficacy and selective inhibition of methyl glyoxal, intervention with biogenic Zinc oxide nanoparticle.

Non-enzymatic glycation of biomolecules results in advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are responsible for secondary complications in diabetes. Inhibiting methyl glyoxal (MGO) induced advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation is the only way to alleviate diabetic complications. This study aimed to look into the abilities of herbal extract Kigelia africana and K. africana synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) to inhibit the emergence of MG-derived AGEs. The study intended to determine antioxidant and AGE inhibition of the plant extract and ZnONPs. ZnONPs were tested for the efficiency of anti-diabetic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wister rats. We discovered that the MGO-trapping effects on the prevention of AGE production were mediated by the downregulation of the amplification of MGO-trapping impacts on the hypoglycemic and antihyperlipidemic mechanisms of ZnONPs. According to histological findings, the treatment with ZnONPs also successfully lowers inflammation in the hepatic and renal tissues. Overall, future mechanistic research could establish ZnONPs potential anti-diabetic properties.

Regulation of glucose transporter-4 intervention with S. saman leaves extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Diabetes mellitus is the leading disorder and affects more than millions of people worldwide. Nowadays, the usage of herbal drugs is said to control adiposity and hyperglycemia. The current research investigated the anti-adiposity and antidiabetic activity of S. saman leaf extract and bioactive compounds. Therefore, the results lower the sugar absorption into the blood and reveal the extract's antidiabetic properties. STZ-induced diabetic rats, Samanea saman methanolic extract show improvement in the parameters like fasting blood glucose levels, body weight, other biochemical parameters supported by the histopathological analysis, and an increase in serum levels in the experimental groups. The antioxidant plays a vital role by increasing SOD and catalase activity levels and decreasing lipid peroxidation levels. The methanolic extract protects the tissue from oxidation stress, which is responsible for the glycemic properties. According to the findings, diabetic-treated rats had overnight blood glucose levels lower and near standard biochemical markers. Histopathology of the liver, pancreas, kidneys, and adipose tissues supported the pharmacological observations. Further, we screened and documented S. saman extract used for in vitro and in vivo methods. In terms of effectiveness, the crude extracts exhibit 0.8-fold GLUT4 down-regulation. Consequently, this result contributes to clinical trials and develops antidiabetic therapy as a substitute for synthetic pharmaceuticals.

Biosynthesis of ZnONP Using Chamaecostus cuspidatus and Their Evolution of Anticancer Property in MCF-7 and A549 Cell Lines.

The ZnO nanoparticle synthesis using the leaf part of Chamaecostus cuspidatus was characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, IR, XRD, DLS, FESEM, EDX, TEM, AFM and XPS. The MTT assay was used to examine the cytotoxicity activity against lung epithelial and breast cell lines, and the IC50 value was determined. The presence of ZnO nanoparticles, which range in size from 200 to 800 nm, was confirmed by the absorption peak at 350 nm. The median particle size was 145.1 nm, and the ζ -the potential was -19.45 mV, showing that ZnONP is stable. Zinc, carbon, and oxygen contribute to the elemental composition of ZnONP, as determined by EDX analysis. MTT assay was used to investigate in vitro cytotoxicity in MCF-7 and A549 cell lines. The cytotoxicity activity IC50 value was determined to be 30 µg/mL for the A549 cell line and 37 µg/mL for the MCF-7 cell line.