Photoluminescence and Stoichiometry Correlation in Nanocrystalline EuO x Thin Films: Tunable Color Emission.

The development of broadband and ultracompact optoelectronic devices relies on the possibility of fabricating bright and tunable emitters at the nanoscale. Here, we show emission from EuO x (1 ≤ x < 1.4) thin films on silicon formed by nanocrystals with average sizes in the range of 5 nm. The photoluminescence emission of the nano-EuO x films is tunable as a function of the oxygen concentration changing from a green broadband Eu2+-related emission to a narrow red Eu3+-related emission. To reach these results has been instrumental through the use of a new methodology specially designed to achieve high-quality europium oxide films whose compositional properties are controlled by the growth base pressure and preserved thanks to a chemically stable and transparent cover layer of Al2O3. Our findings confirm the outstanding potential of nanostructured EuO x films as "one-compound" optical elements with tunable emission properties for their implementation in integrated silicon-based devices.

Análisis de la promoción cultural como herramienta para fortalecer la identidad afro esmeraldeña / Analysis of cultural promotion as a tool to strengthen the identity of afro-emeraldeña / Análise da promoção cultural como instrumento de fortalecimento da identidade da afro-emeraldeña

Resumen Introducción: La identidad cultural representa los valores, orgullos, costumbres, creencias y comportamientos que forman parte de un grupo social y que actúan con la misión de engendrar un sentimiento de pertenencia. Esta cultura se puede convertir en el pilar primordial de cada localidad; por lo cual es necesario resguardar la, defenderla y ampararse, para que dicha fortaleza pueda convertirse en una ventaja competitiva. Objetivo: Analizar la promoción cultural como herramienta para fortalecer la identidad afro esmeraldeña. Materiales y métodos: Constan entrevistas efectuadas a personas expertas en el área de arte, cultura y promoción, así como a personajes destacados en las distintas disciplinas que enmarcan la cultura de Esmeraldas como lo son la poesía, el canto, la pintura, la escultura, la música, la marimba y el deporte. Además del aporte de la ciudadanía a través de encuestas y entrevistas. Resultados: Los personajes destacados dentro de la cultura esmeraldeña indican que se sienten satisfechos por la labor que han realizado. Se identificó que los ciudadanos se sienten muy identificados (35%) o identificados (47%) con la cultura afroesmeraldeña; y el mayor rasgo identitario es la marimba, con un 45%. Sin embargo el 23% no asiste a ningún evento cultural en la ciudad por falta de difusión. Conclusiones: La investigación permitió determinar que fortalecer la identidad afro esmeraldeña es una tarea compleja que debe de fomentarse en el hogar y las instituciones educativas. Finalmente las investigadoras recomiendan ejecutar estrategias de creación y difusión de productos culturales para conservar y proteger la identidad cultural afro esmeraldeña.

Abstract Introduction: The cultural identity represents the values, pride, customs, beliefs and behaviors that are part of a social group and that act with the mission of engendering a feeling of belonging. This culture can become the main pillar of each locality; Therefore, it is necessary to protect, defend and protect it, so that this strength can become a competitive advantage. Objective: Analyze cultural promotion as a tool to strengthen the Afro-Emerald identity. Materials and methods: They include interviews conducted with experts in the area of art, culture and promotion, as well as prominent figures in the different disciplines that frame the culture of Esmeraldas such as poetry, song, painting, sculpture, music, Marimba and sports. In addition to the contribution of citizenship through surveys and pentrevistas. Results: The prominent figures in the Esmeralda culture indicate that they are satisfied with the work they have done. It was identified that citizens feel very identified (35%) or identified (47%) with the Afro-Emerald culture; and the biggest identity feature is the marimba, with 45%. However, 23% do not attend any cultural event in the city due to lack of dissemination. Conclusions The investigation made it possible to determine that strengthening the Afro-Emerald identity is a complex task that should be fostered in the home and educational institutions. Finally, the researchers recommend implementing strategies for the creation and dissemination of cultural products to conserve and protect the Afro-Emerald identity.

Resumo Introdução: A identidade cultural representa os valores, orgulho, costumes, crenças e comportamentos que fazem parte de um grupo social e que atuam com a missão de gerar um sentimento de pertencimento. Essa cultura pode se tornar o principal pilar de cada localidade; Portanto, é necessário protegê-lo, defendê-lo e protegê-lo, para que essa força possa se tornar uma vantagem competitiva. Objetivo: Analisar a promoção cultural como ferramenta para fortalecer a identidade afro-esmeralda. Materiais e métodos: entrevistas constan com especialistas na área de arte, cultura e promoção, bem como figuras proeminentes nas várias disciplinas que emolduram a cultura de Esmeraldas tais como poesia, canto, pintura, escultura, música, Marimba e esportes. Além da contribuição da cidadania através de pesquisas e pentrevistas. Resultados: As figuras proeminentes da cultura Esmeralda indicam que estão satisfeitas com o trabalho que fizeram. Foi identificado que os cidadãos se sentem muito identificados (35%) ou identificados (47%) com a cultura afro-esmeralda; e a maior característica de identidade é a marimba, com 45%. No entanto, 23% não participam de nenhum evento cultural na cidade devido à falta de divulgação. Conclusões: A investigação permitiu determinar que o fortalecimento da identidade afro-esmeralda é uma tarefa complexa que deve ser promovida nas instituições de origem e de ensino. Finalmente, os pesquisadores recomendam implementar estratégias para a criação e disseminação de produtos culturais para conservar e proteger a identidade afro-esmeralda.

Size-controlled Ge nanostructures for enhanced Er³âº light emission.

The potential of Ge nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in Al2O3 with tunable effective optical bandgap values in the range of 1.0-3.3 eV to induce enhanced Er3+ light emission is investigated. We demonstrate nonresonant indirect excitation of the Er3+ ions mediated by the Ge NPs at room temperature. Efficient Er3+ light emission enhancement is obtained for Ge NPs with large effective optical bandgaps in the range of 1.85 to 2.8 eV. The coupled Ge NP-Er emission shows a negligible thermal quenching from 10 K to room temperature that is related to Er3+ de-excitation through thermally activated defect states.

Molecular epidemiology of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Spain: 2004-12.

OBJECTIVES: In Spain, despite the high rates of healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), the incidence of community-associated (CA) MRSA seems to be low on the basis of a small number of studies. We analysed the evolution of CA-MRSA in Spain from 2004 to 2012, and identified the clonal lineages and population structure. METHODS: The study included 8326 MRSA strains. Susceptibility to 18 antimicrobials was determined. Isolates were tested for the presence of mecA, Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) and the arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) by PCR, and typed by staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec, PFGE, spa, multilocus sequence typing and agr. RESULTS: Among the 8326 isolates, 246 (2.9%) were CA-MRSA. We identified genotypically 226 PVL-positive CA-MRSA isolates (88% agr type I, 10.2% agr type III and 1.8% agr type II) and 20 PVL-negative CA-MRSA isolates (all agr type I) from children and adults (82.1% from wounds) from 13 different geographical areas. A significant increase in the rates of CA-MRSA was observed when comparing 2004-07 (0.43%) with 2008-12 (5.44%). Resistance rates were as follows: only ß-lactams, 84.5%; erythromycin, 12.8%; tetracycline, 8.8%; clindamycin, 4.9%; ciprofloxacin, 3.1%; fusidic acid, 2.0%; others, 0.4%; and multiresistant, 6.2% (six isolates USA300). The strains belonged to the PVL-positive clones ST8-IVc (69.9%), ST8-IVa-ACME-positive (USA300, 8.9%), ST8-IVa-ACME-negative (0.8%), ST30-IVc (4.5%), ST80-IVc (2.0%), ST5-IVc (1.2%) and others (ST59, ST72, ST88, ST642, ST1472 and ST1829; 4.5%) and to the PVL-negative ST398-V (8.1%). CONCLUSIONS: We confirm an increase in CA-MRSA in Spain, the predominance of the ST8-IVc clone, the emergence of the USA300 clone, a high genetic diversity among PVL-positive CA-MRSA isolates and the recent emergence of the pig-associated ST398-V clone.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying the mecC gene: emergence in Spain and report of a fatal case of bacteraemia.

OBJECTIVES: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains carrying the mecC gene have been reported from humans and animals from several European countries, but never from Spain. We describe the first isolates of mecC-positive MRSA of human origin collected in Spain and report a fatal case of bacteraemia. METHODS: Isolates were tested for phenotypic resistance using cefoxitin, tested for the mecA/mecC genes and toxin genes by PCR, and typed by staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), PFGE, spa, multilocus sequence typing and agr. RESULTS: During 2008-13 five MRSA isolates showing resistance to cefoxitin and carrying the mecC gene were recovered at one hospital in Spain. In a review of 5505 S. aureus strains received at the Spanish National Reference Centre for Staphylococci from the same period, we found two additional mecC-positive isolates. The isolates were recovered from blood (two), wounds (two), joint fluid (one), urine (one) and a nasal swab (one). All MRSA were mecA negative, presented SCCmecXI, belonged to agr group III and to clonal complex 130, and were negative for the production of the toxin genes tst1, eta, etb, etd and Panton-Valentine leucocidin. Six isolates belonged to spa type t843 (ST130 and ST1945, where ST stands for sequence type) and one to spa type t6220 (ST1945). One patient with mecC-positive MRSA sepsis died in the emergency department. CONCLUSIONS: We confirm the presence of MRSA carrying the mecC gene in Spain, the ability of this livestock-associated MRSA to cause severe infections in humans and the need to perform culture-based susceptibility testing methods in order to detect these emerging strains.

Guía para la prevención de accidentes en centros escolares

Publicación cuyo objetivo es servir de ayuda a los profesionales de la educación para que aborden su rol de agentes de salud con mayor información y seguridad, y de este modo puedan contribuir a prevenir los accidentes en el centro escolar y minimizar sus consecuencias. Incluye: concepto de accidente, accidentes más frecuentes en el centro escolar según mecanismo de producción, medidas de prevención : protección del medio, primeros auxilios en caso de accidente : botiquín escolar, normativa vigente

SK2 channels are neuroprotective for ischemia-induced neuronal cell death.

In mouse hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, the activity of synaptic small-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels type 2 (SK2 channels) provides a negative feedback on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), reestablishing Mg(2+) block that reduces Ca(2+) influx. The well-established role of NMDARs in ischemia-induced excitotoxicity led us to test the neuroprotective effect of modulating SK2 channel activity following cerebral ischemia induced by cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR). Administration of the SK channel positive modulator, 1-ethyl-benzimidazolinone (1-EBIO), significantly reduced CA1 neuron cell death and improved CA/CPR-induced cognitive outcome. Electrophysiological recordings showed that CA/CPR-induced ischemia caused delayed and sustained reduction of synaptic SK channel activity, and immunoelectron microscopy showed that this is associated with internalization of synaptic SK2 channels, which was prevented by 1-EBIO treatment. These results suggest that increasing SK2 channel activity, or preventing ischemia-induced loss of synaptic SK2 channels, are promising and novel approaches to neuroprotection following cerebral ischemia.

Staphylococcus aureus subsp. anaerobius isolates from different countries are clonal in nature.

Staphylococcus aureus subsp. anaerobius, a microaerophilic, catalase-negative bacteria, is the etiological agent of abscess disease, a specific chronic condition of sheep and goats, characterized by the formation of necrotic lesions that are typically located in superficial lymph nodes. In this study, molecular analysis including pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and accessory gene regulator (agr) typing was carried out on 94 S. aureus subsp. anaerobius strains isolated in different countries (79 were isolated from 35 outbreaks of the disease in Spain from 1981 to 2009, 9 were isolated in Italy, 3 in Denmark and 3 in Sudan). All of the 94 S. aureus subsp. anaerobius isolates examined belonged to one PFGE type, within which four minority subtypes were identified. Representative isolates of all PFGE subtypes as well of all countries belonged to the same sequence type (ST), ST1464, which was a singleton, and to the agr type II. Our results support the view that abscess disease is caused by a single bacterial clone worldwide. This bacterium has existed for at least a century and, thus, has undergone long-term small ruminant host restriction.

Diarrea crónica intermitente de cinco meses de evolución / Chronic intermittent diarrhea with onset five months previously

No disponible

Guía de apoyo para el abordaje del tabaquismo

Guía cuyo objetivo es facilitar la tarea de los profesionales de Atención Primaria que quieren trabajar en la deshabituación del tabaquismo. Contiene: captación e identificación de la fase de cambio, intervención / protocolo de actuación, anexos, etc.

[Qualitative research and health promotion in the Community of Madrid]. / La investigación cualitativa y la promoción de la salud en la Comunidad de Madrid.

This article provides an account of the qualitative research experiment conducted by the Public Health Administration of the Autonomous Community of Madrid from 1991 to date. This research was divided into two working areas, that is, the "Sociocultural Health Information System" and the "Research Program". The former analyses what health means for the inhabitants of the Autonomous Community of Madrid, the factors involved therein, the value they place thereon and its relative importance among all of their interests as a whole. The latter researches specific aspects of the health/illness processes identified by the experts in the development of Public Health programs. People envisage health in their own way and have their own health-related cultural models, not always the same as those put forward by the health care system, which have a determining bearing on their actions. The mere verification of social facts has revealed itself to be insufficient as regards understanding and helping to transform human behavior, questions of ideology and emotion take on major importance in this regard. Structural research, through the use of qualitative methods, affords us the possibility of gaining knowledge of these matters, setting the course of Health Education and Health Promotion measures. The aim is to feed back the information generated to the different sectors of the population involved, to institutions and professionals in the health care, social and educational fields, as well as to organizations related to Health Promotion, with the aim of generating changes in the institutions and developments in thinking of society at large.

La investigación cualitativa y la promoción de la salud en la Comunidad de Madrid / Qualitative research and health promotion in the community of Madrid, Spain

En este artículo se relata la experiencia de investigación cualitativa desarrollada por la Dirección General de Salud Pública de la Comunidad de Madrid, desde el año 1991 hasta la actualidad. La Sociocultural de Salud' y el 'Plan de investigación'. El primero analiza lo que para la población madrileña significa la salud, los factores que en ella intervienen, el valor que le asignan y la importancia relativa en el conjunto de sus intereses. El segundo investiga aspectos concretos de los procesos de salud/enfermedad, identificados por los técnicos en el desarrollo de los programas de Salud Pública. Las poblaciones tienen sus propias representaciones mentales y modelos culturales sobre la salud, no siempre coincidentes con el discurso sanitario, que guían sus acciones de modo determinante. La mera constatación empírica de los hechos sociales se ha mostrado insuficiente para entender y ayudar a transformar los comportamientos humanos siendo, en este sentido, las cuestiones ideológicas y afectivas las que cobran una importancia relevante. La investigación estructural, mediante el uso de técnicas cualitativas, nos permite acercarnos al conocimiento de estas cuestiones, orientando las actuaciones de Educación Sanitaria y Promoción de la Salud. La información generada tiene como finalidad ser devuelta a los diversos sectores de población implicados, instituciones y profesionales del campo sanitario, social y educativo, así como a organizaciones vinculadas a la Promoción de la Salud, con la intención de generar cambios en las instituciones y desarrollos en los discursos sociales (AU)

This article provides an account of the qualitative research experiment conducted by the Public Health Administration of the Autonomous Community of Madrid from 1991 to date. This research was divided into two working areas, that is, the "Sociocultural Health Information System" and the "Research Program". The former analyses what health means for the inhabitants of the Autonomous Community of Madrid, the factors involved therein, the value they place thereon and its relative importance among all of their interests as a whole. The latter researches specific aspects of the health/illness processes identified by the experts in the development of Public Health programs. People envisage health in their own way and have their own health-related cultural models, not always the same as those put forward by the health care system, which have a determining bearing on their actions. The mere verification of social facts has revealed itself to be insufficient as regards understanding and helping to transform human behavior, questions of ideology and emotion take on major importance in this regard. Structural research, through the use of qualitative methods, affords us the possibility of gaining knowledge of these matters, setting the course of Health Education and Health Promotion measures. The aim is to feed back the information generated to the different sectors of the population involved, to institutions and professionals in the health care, social and educational fields, as well as to organizations related to Health Promotion, with the aim of generating changes in the institutions and developments in thinking of society at large (AU)