Alteration of Plasma Indoles in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies in reproductive-aged women. The occurrence of PCOS was reported to be associated with the alteration of gut microbiota. Microbiota-derived indoles may possibly play a key role in glycemic control. The purpose of this work is to reveal the alteration of plasma indoles in PCOS patients and to investigate the correlation between indoles levels and glucose metabolism. Sixty-five patients with PCOS and twenty-eight age-matched women were enrolled in this work. The concentrations of plasma indoles, including indoxyl sulfate (IS), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-propionate (IPA), indole (IND), and 3-methylindole (3-MI), were measured by HPLC with the fluorescence detection. The plasma levels of IS, IAA, and IND were significantly elevated in patients with PCOS compared to those in the control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the plasma levels of IS, IAA, and IND were positively correlated with fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and the homeostatic model of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) (p < 0.05). Besides, the 3-MI level in the plasma was positively correlated with the fasting glucose level, whereas plasma levels of IS, IAA, IND, and 3-MI were negatively correlated with glucagon-like peptide 1 (p < 0.05). Moreover, IS and IND were considered to be risk factors for PCOS after age, BMI, T, LH, and HOMA-IR adjustment. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of the combined index of five indoles was 0.867 for PCOS diagnosis. Additionally, plasma indoles altered in PCOS, which was closely associated with the glucose metabolism.

Intrauterine Infusion of Leukocyte-Poor Platelet-Rich Plasma Is an Effective Therapeutic Protocol for Patients with Recurrent Implantation Failure: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: The clinical application of autologous leukocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma (LP-PRP) in patients with recurrent implantation failure (RIF) is rare. This retrospective observational cohort study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of LP-PRP intrauterine infusion in patients with RIF. METHODS: Patients with RIF undergoing frozen embryo transfer (FET) from January 2019 to December 2021 (n = 118) were enrolled, with those undergoing LP-PRP intrauterine infusion as the PRP group (n = 64), and those receiving no LP-PRP treatment as the control group (n = 54). The beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (ß-hCG)-positive rate, clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), live birth rate (LBR), and miscarriage rate (MR) per ET cycle were compared. RESULTS: The ß-hCG-positive rate (57.8% vs. 38.9%, p = 0.041), CPR (45.3% vs. 24.5%, p = 0.022), and LBR per ET cycle (42.2% vs. 18.5%, p = 0.009) were higher in the PRP group than in the control group, and the three variables (62.5% vs. 41.2%, p = 0.040, 47.5% vs. 23.5%, p = 0.033, and 47.5% vs. 20.6%, p = 0.027) in the PRP group transferred with the blastocyst-stage embryos were also higher than those in the control group. The MR was similar in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: The LP-PRP treatment could improve the ß-hCG-positive rate, CPR, and LBR in RIF patients undergoing FET cycles.

Lipidomics analysis of human follicular fluid form normal-weight patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine associated with insulin resistance, even in the absence of overweight. The global lipid profile of the follicular fluid in PCOS with normal weight as yet has not been investigated. The objection of this pilot study was to explore the changes of lipids in the follicular fluid of PCOS with normal weight. METHODS: Follicular fluid samples were collected from patients who underwent IVF, including normal-weight women without PCOS (control group, n = 10) and normal-weight women with PCOS (PCOS group, n = 8). A lipidomic analysis was performed by high performance liquid chromatography/ mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Multidimensional statistical analysis was performed to disclose the global differences between the two groups. Further, differential lipid analysis between the two groups was performed by Fold Change Analysis (FC Analysis) and T-test to screen potential markers. RESULTS: All 812 species of 32 subclasses of lipids were identified by lipidomics analysis. 108 kinds of lipids were considered as the potential candidate differential metabolites with the score of variable importance in the project (VIP) more than 1 by the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. 32 lipids were significantly different between the PCOS group and the control group simultaneously with FC > 1.5 or FC < 0.67, p-value < 0.05 and VIP value > 1. These differential species of lipid belong to lipid subclasses including triglycerides (TG), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and phosphatidylinositols (PI). CONCLUSION: The identified differential lipids in the follicular fluid may be considered as candidate biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets of PCOS with normal-weight.

[Determination of indoles in plasma of polycystic ovarian syndrome patients by high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection].

A new method was established for the determination of indoles (indole (IND), 3-methylindole (3-MI), indolyl-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indolyl-3-propionic acid (IPA)) in plasma by high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD). The analytes were separated simultaneously on a Shim-pack VP-ODS column (150 mm×4.6 mm, 4.6 µm) using 15 mmol/L sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution and methanol (48:52, v/v) as the mobile phases. The column temperature was 30 ℃, and the flow rate was 0.8 mL/min. The calibration curves of IND, 3-MI, IPA and IAA showed good linear relationships. The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) for the analytes were both less than 6.31%. The average recoveries of the analytes in plasma were 97.5%-107.0%. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of indoles in the plasma of healthy women of reproductive age (n=25) as controls and patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (n=61). The results showed that the concentrations of indoles in the plasma were significantly different between the two groups, and IND was found to be a risk factor and a potential diagnostic biomarker for polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). The method is simple, sensitive and suitable for use in clinical testing and laboratory research.

A highly sensitive electrically driven electrochemiluminescent assay for quantification of bile acids in human serum.

A capillary electrically driven assay with electrochemiluminescent (ECL) detection for total bile acids in human serum was developed and fully validated. Quantification was performed by multiple reactions. First, the bile acids react with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) under catalysis of 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3α-HSD), which is converted to 3-ketosteroid and concomitantly NAD(+) turns into reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). And then Ru(bpy)3(2+) is oxidized to be Ru(bpy)3(3+), which serves as an electron mediator, and reacts immediately with NADH coexisting in a carrier solution and is converted to Ru(bpy)3(2+*). NADH transfers an electron to form NAD(+) and the unstable excited-state species, Ru(bpy)3(2+*), which emits photons and gives out light when it decays to the ground state, Ru(bpy)3(2+). Consequently, the concentration of total bile acids could be determined by the electrochemiluminescent intensity. The assay was linear from 0.1 fmol L(-1) to 1000 fmol L(-1), with a detection limit of 0.02 fmol L(-1). The intra-day and inter-day precision had a coefficient of variation of less than 5.0%. The developed ECL assay had an acceptable correlation with an enzymatic cycling method commonly adopted in clinics for the determination of total bile acids (r = 0.7216). Based on the above-mentioned principle, we established a simple, accurate and highly sensitive approach for the determination of total bile acids. Furthermore, this assay has been applied successfully to the detection of total bile acids in human serum, indicating its practicality for bioanalysis.

[Simultaneous determination of tryptophan and its key metabolites by high performance liquid chromatography with programmed wavelength ultraviolet detection].

A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with programmed wavelength ultraviolet (UV) detection was established to simultaneously determine tryptophan (Trp) and its key metabolites kynurenine (Kyn) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). A BDS-Hypersil-C8 column (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) was used for the analysis at 25 degrees C. The separation was carried out with the mobile phase consisting of 10 mmol/L sodium acetate-acetic acid (pH 4. 5) and acetonitrile (94: 6, v/v) using theophylline as internal standard (IS) at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. The eluates were monitored by the programmed wavelength UV detection at 360 nm for Kyn and IS, 220 nm for 5-HT and 302 nm for Trp. The mean recoveries were in the range of 87% to 113%. The linearities were from 3.97 to 400 micromol/L for Trp, 0.421 to 20.2 micromol/L for Kyn and 4.36 to 980.5 nmol/L for 5-HT. The detection limits were 0.134 micromol/L for Trp, 0.016 micromol/L for Kyn and 2.03 nmol/L for 5-HT. Fifteen plasma samples of patients with depression and fifteen plasma samples of healthy controls were tested, and the results demonstrated that the metabolism of Trp in the plasma from the depression group was significantly different from that of the control group.