Emergency department presentations during the State of Origin rugby league series: a retrospective statewide analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of the State of Origin rugby league series on the number of emergency department (ED) presentations in Queensland. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective analysis of Emergency Department Information System data from 25 Queensland EDs for game 10s and matched control 10s during the annual State of Origin series from 2005 to 2012. The Queensland team won seven of the eight series in this period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of patients presenting to Queensland EDs on 24 game 10s and 80 control 10s. RESULTS: Proportionally, a binomial test indicated there were significantly fewer ED presentations on game 10s (49,702) than on control 10s (172,351) (P<0.001). On average, there were 2,154 presentations per 10 on control 10s and 2,071 on game 10s, representing a 4% reduction on game 10s. CONCLUSION: We found that the State of Origin series was associated with fewer ED presentations on game 10s. We believe these results have broader implications for workforce planning and resource allocation.

Pediatric flecainide toxicity from a double dose.

A 23-month-old boy was brought to the emergency department of an adult and pediatric tertiary care center 1 hour after an inadvertent "double dose" of 120 mg flecainide (9.2 mg/kg). His electrocardiogram revealed sinus rhythm with a terminal R wave in aVR greater than 7 mm, a bifascicular block, and prolonged QRS and QTc intervals. A dramatic improvement in the bifascicular block and terminal R wave occurred after the administration of sodium bicarbonate. He was discharged after 36 hours with no complications. This case demonstrates that flecainide can cause significant cardiac conduction disturbances in doses much lower than previously described. All supratherapeutic ingestions should be assessed in hospital.

Seizures secondary to lamotrigine toxicity in a two-year-old.

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of acute pediatric lamotrigine ingestion resulting in seizures. CASE SUMMARY: A 2-year-old boy presented to the emergency department after an acute ingestion of up to 43 mg/kg of lamotrigine. He had 2 generalized seizures, with the first occurring 60 minutes after ingestion. Examination revealed alternate drowsiness and irritability, as well as nystagmus and hyperreflexia. Results of electrocardiogram, blood glucose, complete blood count, urea, electrolytes, and venous blood gas evaluations were all within normal limits. There was a mildly raised lactate level of 3.4 mEq/L (reference range 0.7-2.5). He was given intravenous diazepam 1 mg for irritability. After a 12-hour observation period, the patient was discharged with no further complications. DISCUSSION: The Naranjo probability scale in this case suggested a probable causality between the acute lamotrigine ingestion and seizures. This is the lowest acute dose causing pediatric seizure reported in the literature; however, this dose is still significantly higher than a therapeutic dose. A MEDLINE search (1966-January 2010) using the search terms lamotrigine, seizures, toxicity, overdose, ingestion, and pediatric/paediatric, not limited to English-language literature, revealed 5 other cases of seizures in children after lamotrigine ingestion. In all the acute cases, time to first seizure onset ranged from 20 to 60 minutes after ingestion. Two children had gastrointestinal decontamination, both after the onset of seizures. All had full recovery with supportive care. CONCLUSIONS: Lamotrigine has the ability to cause seizures in children from acute single ingestion at a lower dose than previously described. There is not enough information available to establish a toxic dose or dose that requires hospital assessment. Gastrointestinal decontamination should be contraindicated. Supportive care, including administration of benzodiazepines, is appropriate.

Fast versus slow bandaid removal: a randomised trial.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether slow or fast bandaid removal is less painful. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: A prospective, randomised, crossover trial was carried out at James Cook University, Townsville. Participants were healthy volunteers from Years 2 and 3 of the James Cook University medical school program. INTERVENTIONS: Medium-sized bandaids were applied bilaterally in three standard body locations and removed using slow and fast techniques. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pain scores were assessed using an 11-point verbal numeric pain scale. RESULTS: 65 participants were included in the study. The overall mean pain score for fast bandaid removal was 0.92 and for slow bandaid removal was 1.58. This represents a highly significant difference of 0.66 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In young healthy volunteers, fast bandaid removal caused less pain than slow bandaid removal.

Review article: hypertonic saline use in the emergency department.

Hypertonic saline (HS) is being increasingly used for the management of a variety of conditions, most notably raised intracranial pressure. This article reviews the available evidence on HS solutions as they relate to emergency medicine, and develops a set of recommendations for its use. To conclude, HS is recommended as an alternative to mannitol for treating raised intracranial pressure in traumatic brain injury. HS is also recommended for treating severe and symptomatic hyponatremia, and is worth considering for both recalcitrant tricyclic antidepressant toxicity and for cerebral oedema complicating paediatric diabetic ketoacidosis. HS is not recommended for hypovolaemic resuscitation.