Two ground-state bright solitons in fractional-order spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates.

We study two types of bright solitons in zero and non-zero detuning spin-orbit-coupled (SOC) Bose-Einstein condensates in fractional effect by variational and imaginary-time evolution method. The results show that the variation of SOC with fractional kinetic energy operator affects the existence and form of solitons. In particular, we found that SOC strengthγ=1.0could be a transition point. In other words, forγ<1.0andγ⩾1.0, the soliton states and pseudo-spin polarization in non-zero detuning show opposite changes. In addition, moving bright solitons with zero and non-zero detuning are studied.

[Response characteristics of tislelizumab combined with chemotherapy in first-line treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer].

Objective: To investigate the response characteristics of patients with locally advanced/metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (nsq-NSCLC) treated with tislelizumab in combination with chemotherapy in the first line. Methods: Patients with nsq-NSCLC who achieved complete or partial remission after treatment with tislelizumab in combination with chemotherapy or chemotherapy alone in the RATIONALE 304 study, as assessed by an independent review board, were selected to analyze the response characteristics and safety profile of the responders. Time to response (TTR) was defined as the time from randomization to the achievement of first objective response. Depth of response (DpR) was defined as the maximum percentage of tumor shrinkage compared with the sum of the baseline target lesion length diameters. Results: As of January 23, 2020, 128 patients treated with tislelizumab in combination with chemotherapy achieved objective tumor response (responders), representing 57.4%(128/223) of the intention-to-treat population, with a TTR of 5.1 to 33.3 weeks and a median TTR of 7.9 weeks. Of the responders (128), 50.8%(65) achieved first remission at the first efficacy assessment (week 6), 31.3%(40) at the second efficacy assessment (week 12), and 18.0%(23) at the third and subsequent tumor assessments. The percentages of responders who achieved a depth of tumor response of 30% to <50%, 50% to <70% and 70% to 100% were 45.3%(58/128), 28.1%(36/128) and 26.6%(34/128), respectively, with median progression-free survival (PFS) of 9.0 months (95% CI: 7.7 to 9.9 months), 11.5 months (95% CI: 7.7 months to not reached) and not reached (95% CI: 11.8 months to not estimable), respectively. Tislelizumab plus chemotherapy were generally well tolerated in responders with similar safety profile to the overall safety population. Conclusion: Among responders to tislelizumab in combination with chemotherapy for nsq-NSCLC, 82.0%(105/128) achieves response within the first two tumor assessments (12 weeks) and 18.0%(23/128) achieves response at later (18 to 33 weeks) assessments, and there is a trend toward prolonged PFS in responders with deeper tumor response.

[Accurate localization and successful treatment of 23 cases of migrating pharynx and cervical esophageal foreign bodies].

Objective: To explore clinical features, diagnosis, localization, and therapeutic strategy of migratory pharyngeal and cervical esophageal foreign bodies. Methods: A total 23 cases of pharyngeal and cervical esophageal migratory foreign bodies were admitted between January 2015 and December 2021. There were 14 females and 9 males with the age ranged from 35 to 82 (55.0±12.7)years. In all the cases, esophageal CT was taken to confirm the esophageal foreign body. Multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) was performed to locate the foreign body from the horizontal, coronal and sagittal dimensions as well as the corrected reconstructed MPR. According to the location of the foreign body, appropriate surgical method was selected.The symptoms, complications, types of foreign body, positioning, surgical methods, and relevant information were recorded.Data were analyzed using the descriptive method and SPSS 25.0 software. Results: The clinical symptoms of 23 migrating esophageal foreign bodies included pharyngodynia (20/23), foreign body sensation (6/23), hoarsenss (1/23), difficulty in turning neck(1/23), difficulty in opening mouth (1/23), fever (7/23), poor appetite (1/23), and abdominal pain (1/23). The foreign bodies included 19 fish bones, 2 wires, 1 embroidery needle and 1 chicken bone. There were 9 cases (39.1%) of foreign bodies located in extraluminal cervical esophagus, 2 cases (8.7%) of foreign bodies located in the muscular layer of the cervical esophagus and 12 cases (52.2%) of foreign bodies located in pharynx. Twenty-one cases of foreign bodies were removed by cervical lateral incision, in which 11 were removed by cervical lateral incision directly, 10 by the second lateral cervical incision after the foreign bodies were accurately located by MPR and/or corrected MPR, 1 foreign body was removed by incision of the pharyngeal mucosa under suspension laryngoscope, 1 foreign body was removed by tracheoscopy. Compared with patients with intraluminal foreign bodies (n=308) treated in the same period, intake of fishbone [19 (19/23) vs. 133 (82.6% (43.2%, 133/308), OR=7.31] and first visit was more than 24 hours [20(87.0%, 20/23) vs. 77(25.0%, 77/308),OR=17.2] were the significant risk factors of migratory esophageal foreign bodies. Conclusions: MPR and the corrected MPR can accurately locate the migrating pharyngeal and cervical esophageal foreign bodies, by providing more intuitive imaging evidence for doctors, which provide imaging basis for formulation of surgical programs. Foreign bodies in pharyngeal and cervical esophagus need to be treated as soon as possible, otherwise they are easy to migrate, leading lead to serious complications.

[Investigate developmental coordination disorder of kindergarten children in Zhejiang Province].

In order to investigate developmental coordination disorder (DCD) of kindergarten children in Zhejiang province, 200 ordinary kindergartens were randomly selected by stratified random sampling in 11 prefecture-level cities of Zhejiang Province, and 38 900 children from 1 000 classes in each grade were then randomly selected into the study from June 2019 to December 2019. The Little DCD Questionnaire and a self-designed questionnaire were used to screen the DCD of those children. There were 36 807 valid questionnaires, and 6.50% (2 391/36 807) of them were positive results. The results showed that boy, age ≤5 years, overweight or obesity, left handedness, comorbidity with motor or developmental disorders and premature infants were risk factors of DCD in children. As for parents and families, maternal gestational age<20 years, maternal overweight or obesity before pregnancy, low-middle level education of parents, direct family and low income of family were also associated with DCD in children. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct early prevention and intervention strategies targeting on identified risk factors among relevant population.

Endoscopic endonasal resection of coexisting pituitary adenoma and meningioma: Two cases' report and literature review.

INTRODUCTION: The coexistence of pituitary adenoma (PA) and para/suprasellar meningioma is an extremely rare event, which generally occurs in previous case reports. Literature on the endonasal endoscopic approach (EEA) to treat such synchronous tumours remains sparse. CASE DESCRIPTION: Two cases of concomitant sellar and supra/parasellar tumours are reported. A 62-year-old woman with a PA and a tuberculum sellae meningioma and a 56-year-old woman with a PA and a cavernous sinus (CS) meningioma. Both coexisting tumours were resected through a single extended EEA and achieved a good prognosis. To the best of our knowledge, endoscopic endonasal resection of coexisting PA and CS meningioma has not been previously reported in the literature. CONCLUSION: Our reports add to the literature two cases of coexisting PA and meningioma, with different consistence in sellar and para/suprasellar regions. Furthermore, the present case adds to the evidence that in the rare situation of coexisting sellar and suprasellar tumours located in the same sagittal plane, an extended EEA allows adequate exposure and safe removal of both tumours. However, for tumours coexisting in the sellar and parasellar region in the same coronal plane, we should draw attention to this rare situation for differential diagnosis of synchronous PA and CS meningioma to avoid unnecessary surgery and to decide the best strategy for treatment.

UPF1 alleviates the progression of glioma via targeting lncRNA CYTOR.

OBJECTIVE: To uncover the role of UPF1 in alleviating the progression of glioma via targeting long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) CYTOR and underlying mechanism. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 30 glioma tissues surgically resected from glioma patients and 30 brain tissues were collected from brain trauma patients undergoing craniotomy during the same period. Relative levels of UPF1 and CYTOR in collected tissues were detected by quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Correlation between levels of UPF1 and CYTOR in glioma tissues was assessed, and the regulatory effects of UPF1/CYTOR on proliferative and invasive abilities in U87 and LN229 cells were evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) and transwell assay, respectively. In addition, the interaction between UPF1 and CYTOR was explored by RIP (RNA-Binding Protein Immunoprecipitation) assay. Through Actinomycin D treatment in U87 and LN229 cells, RNA stability of CYTOR influenced by UPF1 was determined. Finally, rescue experiments were conducted to ascertain the involvement of CYTOR in UPF1-regulated progression of glioma. RESULTS: UPF1 was downregulated in glioma tissues and cells. A lower level of UPF1 was observed in glioma tissues in the more advanced stage with a larger tumor size. Besides, the overexpression of UPF1 markedly suppressed proliferation and invasion abilities of U87 and LN229 cells, and CYTOR was upregulated in glioma tissues and cells, which was negatively correlated with UPF1 level. Moreover, the overexpression of UPF1 decreased the half-life of CYTOR in glioma cells. Furthermore, the RIP assay confirmed the interaction between UPF1 and CYTOR. Rescue experiments finally confirmed that the overexpression of CYTOR partially reversed the inhibitory effects of UPF1 on proliferation and invasion abilities in glioma. CONCLUSIONS: UPF1 is down-regulated in glioma and alleviates the progression of glioma via targeting CYTOR.

MiRNA-409-5p dysregulation promotes imatinib resistance and disease progression in children with chronic myeloid leukemia.

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the role of miRNA-409-5p in the pathogenesis of child chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and its potential mechanism. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Expression levels of miRNA-409-5p and NUP43 in peripheral blood of CML children and healthy controls were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry were conducted to evaluate the regulatory effect of miRNA-409-5p on proliferative potential and cell cycle progression of CML cells. Protein levels of PCNA, c-Myc, and cyclin D1 in CML were examined by Western blot. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay verified the binding of target gene NUP43 to miRNA-409-5p. Finally, the potential effect of miRNA-409-5p on Imatinib resistance in CML was elucidated. RESULTS: Compared with healthy children, miRNA-409-5p expression in peripheral blood of CML children markedly decreased. Similarly, miRNA-409-5p expression was lower in CML cells. Contrary to the expression pattern of miRNA-409-5p, NUP43 was highly expressed in CML. The miRNA-409-5p overexpression remarkably inhibited proliferative potential and arrested cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase. Protein levels of PCNA, c-Myc, and cyclin D1 were downregulated in CML cells overexpressing miRNA-409-5p. The knockdown of miRNA-409-5p obtained the opposite trends. NUP43 was proved to be the target gene of miRNA-409-5p and negatively regulated by miRNA-409-5p. After overexpression of miRNA-409-5p, Imatinib treatment elevated proliferation inhibition and cell cycle arrest of K562 and KG-1a cells. CONCLUSIONS: MiRNA-409-5p is lowly expressed in child CML, which inhibits proliferative potential and cell cycle progression by upregulating NUP43 expression. In addition, miRNA-409-5p overexpression enhances Imatinib resistance in CML.

Involvement of putrescine in osmotic stress-induced ABA signaling in leaves of wheat seedlings.

To elucidate one mechanism by which putrescine (Put) functions in plant signaling under osmotic stress, Put and ABA contents, and plasma membrane-NADPH oxidase (PM-NOX) activity were detected in wheat seedling leaves. Under osmotic stress, ABA and Put contents, PM-NOX activity, and PM-NOX-dependent O2.- production all increased. The inhibitor tungstate (T) of ABA bio-synthesis reduced the increases in ABA and Put contents under osmotic stress. The inhibitor D-arginine (D-Arg) of Put bio-synthesis didn't reduce osmotic-induced increase of ABA, but it inhibited the increases of PM-NOX activity and O2 . - production, and the inhibitory effects were reversed by exogenous Put. These findings suggested that ABA might regulate Put biosynthesis, and Put might regulate PM-NOX activity. Treatments with three inhibitors imidazole (I), diphenylene iodonium (DPI) and pyridine (P) of PM-NOX reduced significantly not only O2 . - production, but also the stress-induced increase of Put content, which indicated that O2 . - production might regulate Put biosynthesis. Treatments with EGTA (Ca2+ chelator), La3+ and verapamil (V) (Ca2+ channel blockers) reduced significantly the stress-induced increase of Put content, which suggested that Ca2+ might regulate Put biosynthesis. With these findings, it could be concluded that Put was involved in ABA signaling induced by osmotic stress via regulating PM-NOX activity in wheat seedling leaves.

[The advantage and disadvantage of transoral orbotic surgery for parapharyngeal tumors: a systemic review].

Parapharyngeal space tumors are rare. According to the size, location, relationship with the vascular nerves, benign and malignant tumors, different surgical approaches are used. This article reviews surgical techniques, indications, complications and current advantages and disadvantages of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for resection of parapharyngeal space tumors. To provide reference for the application of TORS in parapharyngeal space tumor surgery.

[A multicenter, randomized, controlled, phase â £ clinical study of PEG-rhG-CSF for preventing chemotherapy induced neutropenia in patients with breast cancer].

Objective: To explore the efficacy and safety of polyethylene glycal recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (PEG-rhG-CSF) in preventing chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in patiens with breast cancer. Methods: There were two parts in the present phase Ⅳ clinical study. One was a randomized, controlled clinical study. Patients in this study received PEG-rhG-CSF or rhG-CSF in the first cycle and followed with both PEG-rhG-CSF in the rest of 3 cycles. The other one was a single arm study. Patients who developed Ⅲ/Ⅳ grade neutropenia in the screening cycle received PEG-rhG-CSF in the rest of 3 cycles chemotherapy. Results: In the first cycle of randomized, controlled study, the incidence of Ⅳ grade neutropenia are 31.48% and 35.58% respectively in PEG-rhG-CSF and rhG-CSF group, with no statistically significant differences (P=0.527 6). The duration of Ⅳ grade neutropenia respectively are 2.22±1.58 and 3.00±1.59 days, with a statistically significant difference (P=0.016 6). In the single arm study, the incidence of Ⅳ grade neutropenia was 57.76% in screening cycle. And the incidence decreased to 16.35%, 10%, and 8.57% in the followed 3 cycle after the use of PEG-rhG-CSF. The incidence of adverse effects was 5.06%, and the major adverse effect was bone pain which with an incidence of 2.8%. Conclusion: The fixed 6mg dose of PEG-rhG-CSF can effectively prevent neutropenia in patients with breast cancer in multicycle chemotherapy and it has a low incidence of adverse events and mild adverse reaction.

[Application of pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor to prevent chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in patients with lymphoma: a prospective, multicenter, open-label clinical trial].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (PEG-rhG-CSF) in prophylaxis neutropenia after chemotherapy in patients with lymphoma. Methods: This was a multicenter, single arm, open, phase Ⅳ clinical trial. Included 410 patients with lymphoma received multiple cycles of chemotherapy and PEG-rhG-CSF was administrated as prophylactic. The primary endpoint was the incidence of Ⅲ/Ⅳ grade neutropenia and febrile neutropenia (FN) after each chemotherapy cycle. Meanwhile the rate of antibiotics application during the whole period of chemotherapy was observed. Results: ①Among the 410 patients, 8 cases (1.95%) were contrary to the selected criteria, 35 cases (8.54%) lost, 19 cases (4.63%) experienced adverse events, 12 cases (2.93%) were eligible for the termination criteria, 15 cases (3.66%) develpoed disease progression or recurrence, thus the rest 321 cases (78.29%) were into the Per Protocol Set. ②During the first to fourth treatment cycles, the incidences of grade Ⅳ neutropenia after prophylactic use of PEG-rhG-CSF were 19.14% (49/256) , 12.5% (32/256) , 12.18% (24/197) , 13.61% (20/147) , respectively. The incidences of FN were 3.52% (9/256) , 0.39% (1/256) , 2.54% (5/197) , 2.04% (3/147) , respectively. After secondary prophylactic use of PEG-rhG-CSF, the incidences of Ⅳ grade neutropenia decreased from 61.54% (40/65) in the screening cycle to 16.92% (11/65) , 18.46% (12/65) and 20.75% (11/53) in 1-3 cycles, respectively. The incidences of FN decreased from 16.92% (11/65) in the screening cycle to 1.54% (1/65) , 4.62% (3/65) , 3.77% (2/53) in 1-3 cycles, respectively. ③The proportion of patients who received antibiotic therapy during the whole period of chemotherapy was 34.39% (141/410) . ④The incidence of adverse events associated with PEG-rhG-CSF was 4.63% (19/410) . The most common adverse events were bone pain[3.90% (16/410) ], fatigue (0.49%) and fever (0.24%) . Conclusion: During the chemotherapy in patients with lymphoma, the prophylactic use of PEG-rhG-CSF could effectively reduce the incidences of grade Ⅲ/Ⅳ neutropenia and FN, which ensures that patients with lymphoma receive standard-dose chemotherapy to improve its cure rate.

Pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 is essential for egg hatching in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens.

In this study, we identified a pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 (PLRP2) gene through searching the transcriptome data of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, a monophagous rice pest. PLRP2 mRNAs were first isolated in the human pancreas and play an important role in hydrolysis of galactolipids from the diet. Although homologous PLRP2 genes have been identified in many insect species, their physiological functions remain unknown. The present study for the first time reports the functional role of PLRP2 in an insect species. Differing from mammal PLRP2s, N. lugens PLRP2 was highly expressed in developing oocytes of the ovaries of female adults and little expressed in laid eggs. Suppression of N. lugens PLRP2 expression using RNA interference significantly inhibited egg hatching in rice seedlings, implying that N. lugens PLRP2 was important for oocyte maturation and development. This novel finding will improve our understanding of the reproductive strategies in insects and provides a potential target for future management of crop pests.

Ion transport peptide (ITP) regulates wing expansion and cuticle melanism in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens.

Ion transport peptide (ITP) and its alternatively spliced homologous ITP-like (ITPL) products play important roles in various insect developmental processes. We found for the first time that alternative 5' untranslated regions (5' UTRs) of ITPL (NilluITPLs-1, -2, -3 and -4) control spatiotemporal expression in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, as demonstrated by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR. By using an alternative 5' UTR, NilluITPL-1 was expressed exclusively in the male reproductive system, resulting in the production of the NilluITPL seminal fluid protein. Interestingly, NilluITPLs-3 and -4 were expressed exclusively in the integument, indicating a specialized function for NilluITPL during ecdysis and eclosion. We investigated the functions of NilluITP and NilluITPL using RNA interference (RNAi). We did not observe apparent phenotypes when expression of NilluITPLs was suppressed. However, when NilluITP expression was suppressed, the insect exhibited melanism and failed wing expansion, indicating that NilluITP is a neuropeptide associated with wing expansion in addition to bursicon. Additionally, in contrast to bursicon, the insects showed increased melanism when NilluITP was eliminated by RNAi. Unlike previous studies of ITP/ITPL in other species, NilluITP was very important in the control of N. lugens postecdysial behaviours but was not critical during ecdysis. Thus, the functions of ITP and ITPL are more complex in insects than previously thought.

The role of hypoxia inducible factor in nasal inflammations.

OBJECTIVE: Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is considered an important transcription factor due to its roles in glycolysis, angiogenesis, cell differentiation, apoptosis, and other cellular pathways. It takes the role in various physiological and pathological states, such as solid tumors, vascular injury, and atherosclerotic lesion progression. In recent studies, HIF is found as a master regulator of body inflammation and immunity, not only in hypoxia but also in normoxia. Nasal inflammation has a close relationship with anoxia. But the role of HIF in nasal inflammation is still unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched the Pubmed using the key words: "Hypoxia-inducible factor" and "nasal" or "Hypoxia-inducible factor", and reviewed the related articles. RESULTS: HIF is composed of HIF-α and HIF-ß subunits. HIF-a is an adjusting relational subunit, which is divided into three subtypes: HIF-1a, HIF-2a, and HIF-3a. HIF-1a is the key component and best understood. HIF-1a can be activated under hypoxic conditions or by various cytokines and growth factors. HIF-1α accumulation is critical for sustaining human allergic effector cell survival and function. The level of HIF-1a is increased in the patients with allergic rhinitis and become a new therapeutic target. HIF-1a also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of CRS and polyp formation. Some research found that the expression of HIF-1α was increased in CRS with polyps. CONCLUSIONS: HIF-1a takes an important role in allergic rhinitis and chronic sinusitis. It will be a key therapeutic target of these diseases in the future.

Preparation of polyclonal antibody against porcine beta defensin 2 and identification of its distribution in tissues of pig.

Porcine ß-defensin 2 (pBD2) is an antimicrobial peptide in pigs that plays an important role in the immune system by preventing bacterial invasion. To produce an anti-pBD2 antibody, which is not commercially available, we expressed and purified a soluble, his-tagged version of pBD2 (his-pBD2). Purified pBD2 was injected into New Zealand white rabbits to generate polyclonal antiserum. Anti-pBD2 antibodies were purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by diethylaminoethyl cellulose ion-exchange chromatography. The purified polyclonal antibody showed high sensitivity, with a titer as high as 204,800 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and it also showed high specificity for both his-pBD2 and native pBD2, as assessed by western blotting. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry analysis using the purified antibody revealed that pBD2 protein is distributed in the tongue, liver, kidney, small intestine, and large intestine of pigs. These results indicate that the prepared polyclonal antibody will be a useful tool for further studies of the function and mechanism of pBD2.

Comparative analysis of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus responsive genes in fat body and haemocyte of B. mori resistant and susceptible strains.

The infection profiles of the Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) in B. mori larvae revealed that the virus invaded the fat body and haemocyte of both KN and 306 strains, which are highly resistant and susceptible, respectively, to BmNPV infection. However, viral proliferation was notably slowed in the resistant B. mori strain. Using suppression subtractive hybridization, two fat body cDNA libraries were constructed to compare BmNPV responsive gene expression levels between the two silkworm lines. In total, 96 differentially expressed genes were obtained. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis confirmed that eight genes were significantly up-regulated in the fat body and haemocyte of the KN strain following BmNPV injection. Our results suggest that these genes may have potential roles in B. mori antiviral infection mechanisms.

[Effects of receptor-mediated endocytosis on macrophage membrane potential, cytosolic pH and lysosomal pH].

The effects of Con A, WGA, Zymosan A on membrane potential, cytosolic pH and lysosomal pH of cultured mouse macrophages were measured with fluorescence method. The results showed all the three kinds of ligands caused macrophage membrane potential hyperpolarization, cytosolic acidification and lysosomal alkalization, but reached their stabilized conditions at different times. The acidification of cytosl might inhibit further endocytosis. Alkalization of lysosomes was a basic factor for exocytosis of lysosomal contents. These receptor-mediated induced changes reflected cellular self-regulation and self-protection.

[Receptor-mediated endocytosis induced macrophage cytosolic acidification and exocytosis].

The effects of Con A, WGA, Zymosan A on macrophage cytosolic pH and outflow of lysosomal content through exocytosis were studied with SNAFL-calcein and FITC-Dextran on ACAS570. The results showed all three ligands could induce macrophage cytosolic acidification in about 10 min and kept at the same level hereafter; outflow of lysosomal fluorescent probe through exocytosis appeared in 15-20 min. In resting conditions, macrophage lysosomes mainly distributed in cell center; after stimulated for 15 min by three ligands, the number of lysosomes increased in membrane periphery, in 25-30 min lysosomes moved back toward cell center. We proposed that ligands induced lysosomal pH rises was a basic factor for outflow of lysosomal content through exocytosis, cytosolic acidification inhibited receptor-mediated endocytosis. Cytosolic acidification and outflow of lysosomal content through exocytosis were the results of cellular self-regulation and self-protection during receptor-mediated endocytosis.

Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequencing of bioF (7-keto-8-amino pelargonic acid synthetase), bioC and bioD (dethiobiotin synthetase) genes of Erwinia herbicola.

The biotin operon of Erwinia herbicola Eho 10 was cloned and characterized by complementation of E. coli biotin mutants. The operon was found to contain five genes arranged in the order, bioABFCD. The nucleotide sequences of bioF (7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid synthetase), bioC and bioD (dethiobiotin synthetase) were determined and analyzed. The nucleotide sequences and deduced amino acid sequences of bioFCD were compared with the corresponding sequences from Escherichia coli, Bacillus sphaericus, Serratia marcescens and Brevibacterium flavum.