RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Between 5 and 10% of patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) develop postoperative sepsis 1, 2. Strategies to prevent infectious complications are based on information provided by preoperative midstream urine cultures (PMUC). The aim of this study is to evaluate the concordance of the microbiologic findings of PMUC, cultures of the renal stone (RSC) and urine obtained directly from the renal pelvis (RPUC) in patients undergoing PCNL. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a multicenter prospective study. The study included all patients who underwent PCNL from May 2013 to July 2015 in three academic hospitals. All patients underwent a PMUC. Samples for RPUC were obtained by renal puncture for PCNL. Stone fragments extracted during the procedure were sent for culture (RSC). Clinical variables, stone configuration, burden and microbiology reports of cultures were recorded. We analyzed concordance between cultures and association with infectious complications. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-two patients underwent PCNL. Twenty-four percent had positive culture, 3.2% (4/122) PMUC, 14.7% (18/122) RPUC and 13.9% (17/122) RSC. Positive PMUC demonstrated multidrug-susceptible Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, while RPUC showed multidrug-resistant pathogens and/or fungus. Seven patients (5.7%) developed postoperative infectious complications prior to discharge. There was a weak correlation between PMUC and intraoperative urine cultures (RPUC and RSC). Concordance rate between RPUC and RSC was 83.3%. The most common isolated pathogens were multidrug-resistant bacteria or fungus. CONCLUSIONS: PMUC did not reflect the microbiological environment found in stones and urine directly obtained from the renal pelvis. Patients with postoperative infectious complications had negative PMUC with positive RPUC or RSC. RPUC and RSC can help guide prompt and appropriate antibiotic treatment for patients who develop postoperative infectious complications after PCNL.
Asunto(s)
Bacteriuria/microbiología , Cálculos Renales/microbiología , Nefrostomía Percutánea/efectos adversos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/microbiología , Sepsis/microbiología , Adulto , Anciano , Candida albicans/aislamiento & purificación , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Enterococcus faecalis/aislamiento & purificación , Escherichia coli/aislamiento & purificación , Femenino , Fiebre/microbiología , Humanos , Cálculos Renales/cirugía , Cálculos Renales/orina , Pelvis Renal/microbiología , Klebsiella/aislamiento & purificación , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Periodo Preoperatorio , Estudios Prospectivos , Proteus mirabilis/aislamiento & purificación , Staphylococcus aureus/aislamiento & purificación , Streptococcus/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Introducción: Entre el 50 por ciento a 10 por ciento de los pacientes sometidos a nefrolitotomía percutánea (NLP) presentará sepsis. Las estrategias de prevención de complicaciones infecciosas actuales, se basan en la información entregada por los cultivos de orina preoperatorios. El objetivo de este estudio es comparar los perfiles microbiológicos entre los cultivos de orina tradicionales preoperatorios, con cultivos del microambiente del cálculo renal (orina de pelvis renal y del cálculo) de pacientes sometidos a NLP.(AU)
Introduction. Between 50 pertcent to 10 pertcent of patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) will present sepsis. Current strategies for preventing infectious complications are based on the information provided by preoperative urine cultures. The aim of this study is to compare the microbiological profiles from traditional preoperative urine cultures with cultures from renal microenvironment (renal pelvis urine and kidney stone) of patients undergoing PCNL. Material y Methods. International multicenter prospective clinical trial. The study was conducted from December 2012 to May 2014 in three teaching hospitals, two from Chile and one from Argentina. All patients undergoing PCNL during that period were included. In a prospective fashion, preoperative urine culture, microbiological study of extracted urinary stones and cultures from renal pelvis urine were requested. In each hospital, data regarding patients was submitted through an online questionnaire: Age, sex, comorbidities, type of stone (staghorn or not), size of the stone, isolated bacteria, resistance profile and postoperative infectious complications were filled.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Nefrolitotomía Percutánea , SepsisRESUMEN
Introducción: La mitomicina C es un agente quimiotera-péutico en virtud a su actividad antiproliferativa y anti-biótica. Se evalúa el resultado de la cervicotomía radial endoscópica combinada con la inyección intralesional de mitomicina C para el tratamiento de las estenosis severas de cuello vesical luego del fracaso del trata-miento tradicional. Materiales y método: Revisión retrospectiva de los pa-cientes con estenosis severa de cuello vesical intervenidos entre julio de 2013 y agosto de 2015 con la utilización de mitomicina C. El 54.5% de los pacientes había fracasado al menos una vez con la realización de cervicotomía interna y/o resección endoscópica de cuello vesical. En nuestra intervención se realizaron tres o cuatro incisiones endoscópicas con corte frío en el cuello de la vejiga, seguido por la inyección intralesional de 0.3 a 0.4 mg/ml de mitomicina C en cada sitio de incisión. Resultados: Un total de 11 pacientes fueron tratados con incisión endoscópica con corte frío en el cuello de la vejiga combinado con la inyección de mitomicina C. Antes de la operación, 4 pacientes (36%) eran usuarios de cistotomía. En un seguimiento medio de 9 meses (rango 1-20) 9 pacientes (82%) se encuentran con micción espontánea posterior a un procedimiento, mientras que 2 pacientes (18%) lograron dicho objetivo después de 2 procedimientos con utilización de mitomicina C. Conclusiones: El tratamiento para la estenosis del cuello vesical con cervicotomía radial endoscópica con corte frío combinada con inyección intralesional de mitomicina C, resultó en la permeabilidad del cuello vesical en el 82% de los pacientes después de 1 procedimiento y en el 100% después de 2 procedimientos. Aunque los primeros resultados son prometedores, se requiere de estudios prospectivos y aleatorizados con seguimiento prolongado en el tiempo para validar estos hallazgos.
Introduction: The mitomycin C is a chemotherapeutic agent by virtue of its antiproliferative and antibiotic ac-tivity. We evaluated the outcome of endoscopic radial cervicotomy combined with intralesional mitomycin C injection for the treatment of severe bladder neck ste-nosis after traditional treatment failure.Materials and methods: It was a retrospective review of patients with severe bladder neck stenosis who had a surgery between July 2013 and August 2015 with mi-tomycin C. The 54.5% of patients had failed at least 1 time with internal cervicotomy and/or endoscopic re-section of the bladder neck. In our intervention, three or four endoscopic incisions were performed with a cold cut in the neck of the bladder, followed by intralesio-nal injection of 0.3 to 0.4 mg / ml of the mitomycin C at each incision site.Results: A total of 11 patients were treated with endos-copic incision with a cold cut in the neck of the bladder combined with mitomycin C injection. Before the sur-gery 4 patients (36%) were cystostomy users. At a mean follow-up of 9 months (range 1-20), 9 patients (82%) had spontaneous urine after 1 procedure, while 2 patients (18%) achieved this goal after 2 procedures using mi-tomycin C.Conclusions: The treatment for bladder neck stenosis with endoscopic radial cervicotomy with cold cut com-bined with intralesional mitomycin C injection resulted in bladder neck permeability in 82% of patients after 1 procedure and 100% after 2 procedures. Although the first results are promising, some prospective and rando-mized studies with long-term monitoring are required to validate these findings.