Surgical and non-surgical management of thoracic and cervical paraganglioma.

Thoracic and cervical paragangliomas (PGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors arising from chromaffin cells of the neural crest progenitors located outside the adrenal gland. We describe our current protocol as a multidisciplinary team for the management of cervical and thoracic PGLs. Surgery is generally considered the treatment of choice as it offers the best chance for cure. For resection of thoracic PGLs, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is the main surgical approach, while open thoracotomy is preferred in case of tumors > 6cm, lacking confirmation of a plane of separation with adjacent structures, or with technical difficulties during VATS. In cervical PGLs, the surgical approach should be individualized according to location, mainly based on the Glasscock-Jackson and the Fisch-Mattox classifications. Surgery is the treatment of choice for most cervical and thoracic PGLs, but radiotherapy or observation could be more suitable options in unresectable cervical and thoracic PGLs or when resection has been incomplete.

Early glottic tumours with anterior commissure involvement. Literature review and consensus document. Head and Neck and Skull Base Commission, SEORL-CCC. / Tumores glóticos precoces con afectación de la comisura anterior. Revisión bibliográfica y documento de consenso. Comisión de cabeza y cuello y base de cráneo. SEORL-CCC.

The choice of the most appropriate treatment in early-stage glottic cancer with anterior commissure involvement remains controversial. Its therapeutic management is complex because it is a significant prognostic indicator of local control with 37% recurrence, due to the difficulty in establishing tumour extension with understaging of up to 40%, and due to the comparison of results in series on tumours that behave variably as they progress, such as T1a, T1b and T2a with commissure involvement. Furthermore, the complexity of the surgical approach using transoral CO2 laser microsurgery requires surgical skill, appropriate equipment and experience. Aspects to be reviewed in this document are: an updated anatomical definition of the anterior commissure, tumour progression based on histopathological studies, usefulness of videostroboscopy and NBI in diagnostic accuracy, validity of imaging tests, oncological results published in series reviews, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, tumour margin treatment and voice evaluation.Finally, by way of a summary, the document includes a series of recommendations for the treatment of these tumours.

Tumores glóticos precoces con afectación de la comisura anterior. Revisión bibliográfica y documento de consenso. Comisión de cabeza y cuello y base de cráneo. SEORL-CCC / Early glottic tumours with anterior commissure involvement. Literature review and consensus document. Head and Neck and Skull Base Commission, SEORL-CCC

La elección del tratamiento más adecuado en el cáncer glótico en estadio precoz con afectación de la comisura anterior sigue siendo controvertida. La complejidad en su manejo terapéutico está justificada por ser un significativo indicador pronóstico de control local, con un porcentaje de recidiva del 37%, por la dificultad en establecer la extensión tumoral con una infraestadificación que llega a alcanzar el 40%, y por la comparación de resultados en series formadas por tumores de diferente comportamiento evolutivo, como son T1a, T1b y T2a con afectación comisural. A estos datos se suma la complejidad del abordaje quirúrgico mediante microcirugía transoral con láser CO2 que requiere habilidad quirúrgica, equipamiento adecuado y experiencia. Los aspectos a revisar en este documento son: definición anatómica actualizada de la comisura anterior, progresión tumoral en función de estudios histopatológicos, utilidad de la videoestroboscopia y la NBI en la precisión diagnóstica, validez de las pruebas de imagen, resultados oncológicos publicados en revisión de series, revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis, tratamiento de los márgenes y evaluación de la voz. Finalmente, y a modo de resumen, el documento incluye una serie de recomendaciones para el tratamiento de estos tumores

The choice of the most appropriate treatment in early-stage glottic cancer with anterior commissure involvement remains controversial. Its therapeutic management is complex because it is a significant prognostic indicator of local control with 37% recurrence, due to the difficulty in establishing tumour extension with understaging of up to 40%, and due to the comparison of results in series on tumours that behave variably as they progress, such as T1a, T1b and T2a with commissure involvement. Furthermore, the complexity of the surgical approach using transoral CO2 laser microsurgery requires surgical skill, appropriate equipment and experience. Aspects to be reviewed in this document are: an updated anatomical definition of the anterior commissure, tumour progression based on histopathological studies, usefulness of videostroboscopy and NBI in diagnostic accuracy, validity of imaging tests, oncological results published in series reviews, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, tumour margin treatment and voice evaluation.Finally, by way of a summary, the document includes a series of recommendations for the treatment of these tumours

Rehabilitación del paciente laringectomizado. Recomendaciones de la Sociedad Española de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello / Rehabilitation of the laryngectomised patient. Recommendations of the Spanish Society of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery

La laringectomía total permanece como tratamiento fundamental para el carcinoma de laringe localmente avanzado asociándose a una mayor supervivencia. Sin embargo, supone para el paciente una serie de cambios, como la incapacidad de comunicarse verbalmente, la respiración o el cambio estético, que inciden en su calidad de vida y obligan a su rehabilitación integral. El presente documento ha sido elaborado por el grupo de trabajo de rehabilitación del paciente laringectomizado de la Comisión de Cabeza y Cuello y Base de Cráneo de la Sociedad Española de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello con el objeto de unificar las recomendaciones sobre materiales, técnicas y medidas que aúnen la rehabilitación integral del paciente sometido a una laringectomía total para la mejora de su calidad de vida y está destinado a especialistas en otorrinolaringología, a profesionales relacionados con el cuidado del paciente laringectomizado total y también a los propios pacientes. Las recomendaciones del documento tienen como objetivo mejorar la atención del paciente al cual se le ha realizado una laringectomía total teniendo en cuenta las necesidades de personal y material, las consideraciones sobre los procedimientos necesarios antes de la cirugía, durante el propio acto quirúrgico y tras el alta hospitalaria del paciente. Se dan también recomendaciones específicas sobre los tipos de rehabilitación y seguimiento de la misma, así como la necesidad de llevar un registro de dichas actividades. Las recomendaciones expuestas pretenden ayudar a los profesionales sanitarios relacionados con el tratamiento de los pacientes laringectomizados totales a llevar a cabo la tarea de hacer que la vida de estos pacientes sea lo más parecida posible a la vida que llevaban antes de realizarse una laringectomía total

Total laryngectomy remains essential treatment for locally advanced laryngeal carcinoma, related to better survival rates. However, it involves changes for the patient, such as the inability to communicate verbally, breathing or aesthetic changes, which affect their quality of life and require comprehensive rehabilitation. This paper was written by the total laryngectomy rehabilitation workgroup of the National Head and Neck and Skull Base working committee of the Spanish Society of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. The purpose of the article is to combine materials, surgical procedures and means towards the comprehensive rehabilitation of total laryngectomy patients, so that they can achieve a good quality of life. This paper is aimed at all health care professionals caring for total laryngectomy patients. It is also aimed at the patients themselves, as well as ENT surgeons. We have considered staffing and material needs, all procedures before, during and after surgery and after hospital discharge. There are also detailed recommendations about types of rehabilitation and follow-up, and the need for recording these events. The comprehensive rehabilitation total laryngectomy patients is very important if we want to improve their quality of life. The recommendations we mention aim to help the healthcare professionals involved in the treatment of total laryngectomy patients to help them achieve a good quality of life, as similar as possible to the life they led before surgery

Rehabilitation of the laryngectomised patient. Recommendations of the Spanish Society of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. / Rehabilitación del paciente laringectomizado. Recomendaciones de la Sociedad Española de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello.

Total laryngectomy remains essential treatment for locally advanced laryngeal carcinoma, related to better survival rates. However, it involves changes for the patient, such as the inability to communicate verbally, breathing or aesthetic changes, which affect their quality of life and require comprehensive rehabilitation. This paper was written by the total laryngectomy rehabilitation workgroup of the National Head and Neck and Skull Base working committee of the Spanish Society of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. The purpose of the article is to combine materials, surgical procedures and means towards the comprehensive rehabilitation of total laryngectomy patients, so that they can achieve a good quality of life. This paper is aimed at all health care professionals caring for total laryngectomy patients. It is also aimed at the patients themselves, as well as ENT surgeons. We have considered staffing and material needs, all procedures before, during and after surgery and after hospital discharge. There are also detailed recommendations about types of rehabilitation and follow-up, and the need for recording these events. The comprehensive rehabilitation total laryngectomy patients is very important if we want to improve their quality of life. The recommendations we mention aim to help the healthcare professionals involved in the treatment of total laryngectomy patients to help them achieve a good quality of life, as similar as possible to the life they led before surgery.

Primary Neuroendocrine Tumor of the Parotid Gland: A Case Report and a Comprehensive Review of a Rare Entity.

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) comprise a heterogeneous group of malignancies from cells derived from the neural crest with neuroendocrine differentiation. Despite the differences in the site of origin, nomenclature, biological behavior, and functional status, NETs share certain ultrastructural and immunohistochemical features. NETs are relative rare tumors with an annual incidence of 5.76 new cases per 100.000 inhabitants and they usually appear in the gastrointestinal tract or in the pulmonary system. Head and neck NETs are uncommon with limited information regarding frequency, most of them showing small cell carcinoma features. NETs that arise from the salivary glands are exceedingly rare. Regardless of their low frequency, it is imperative to accurately differentiate these tumors from the much more common squamous cell carcinomas and from metastasis from another primary tumor due to the completely different therapeutic approaches and prognosis. The diagnosis is based on the recognition of the typical neuroendocrine architecture and immunohistochemical staining and on an exhaustive work-up. Hereby, we report a case of a moderately differentiated NET of the parotid gland that was treated with a complete parotidectomy. We summarize the clues that led to the final diagnosis and major strategies that were employed to manage the patient. We also perform a comprehensive review of the scarce available literature on this topic.

Linfoma T/NK laringotraqueal: caso clínico / Laryngotracheal NK/T lymphoma: clinical case

El linfoma T/NK es infrecuente, de curso agresivo y mal pronóstico. Históricamente llamado «granuloma letal de línea media», su localización habitual es el macizo centro-facial. Presentamos un caso de localización laringotraqueal, en mujer colombiana de 22 años. Refería disfonía y hemoptisis. Presentaba desestructuración y necrosis laringotraqueal. En el estudio anatomopatológico existía infiltrado polimorfo y linfoide de disposición angioinvasora y angiodestructiva. La inmunohistoquímica confirmó el fenotipo de los linfocitos T/NK: CD2, CD56 y CD3 citoplasmático positivos. Epstein-Barr positivo. TIA-1 y perforina positivas. La paciente falleció por complicaciones de la enfermedad, sin poder recibir tratamiento oncológico(AU)

NK/T-cell lymphoma is a rare condition with an aggressive course and poor prognosis. Historically known as «lethal midline granuloma», it generally appears in a midfacial location. We describe the case of a 22-year-old Colombian woman with laryngotracheal affectation, presenting with hoarseness and hemoptysis. CT scan and MRI showed severe laryngeal and tracheal destruction. The biopsy showed a polymorphic, lymphoid cell infiltrate with angiocentric and angiodestructive pattern. The immunohistochemical study confirmed the immunophenotype of the NK/T-cells: CD2+, CD56+ and cytoplasmic CD3+. The in situ hybridization and flow cytometry findings were: EBER+, TIA-1+ and perforin+. The patient died from complications of her disease, before undergoing oncologic treatment(AU)

[Laryngotracheal NK/T lymphoma: clinical case]. / Linfoma T/NK laringotraqueal: caso clínico.

NK/T-cell lymphoma is a rare condition with an aggressive course and poor prognosis. Historically known as «lethal midline granuloma¼, it generally appears in a midfacial location. We describe the case of a 22-year-old Colombian woman with laryngotracheal affectation, presenting with hoarseness and hemoptysis. CT scan and MRI showed severe laryngeal and tracheal destruction. The biopsy showed a polymorphic, lymphoid cell infiltrate with angiocentric and angiodestructive pattern. The immunohistochemical study confirmed the immunophenotype of the NK/T-cells: CD2+, CD56+ and cytoplasmic CD3+. The in situ hybridization and flow cytometry findings were: EBER+, TIA-1+ and perforin+. The patient died from complications of her disease, before undergoing oncologic treatment.