Factors associated with leisure time physical inactivity in black individuals: hierarchical model.

Background. A number of studies have shown that the black population exhibits higher levels of leisure-time physical inactivity (LTPI), but few have investigated the factors associated with this behavior. Objective. The aim of this study was to analyze associated factors and the explanatory model proposed for LTPI in black adults. Methods. The design was cross-sectional with a sample of 2,305 adults from 20-96 years of age, 902 (39.1%) men, living in the city of Salvador, Brazil. LTPI was analyzed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). A hierarchical model was built with the possible factors associated with LTPI, distributed in distal (age and sex), intermediate 1 (socioeconomic status, educational level and marital status), intermediate 2 (perception of safety/violence in the neighborhood, racial discrimination in private settings and physical activity at work) and proximal blocks (smoking and participation in Carnival block rehearsals). We estimated crude and adjusted odds ratio (OR) using logistic regression. Results. The variables inversely associated with LTPI were male gender, socioeconomic status and secondary/university education, although the proposed model explains only 4.2% of LTPI. Conclusions. We conclude that male gender, higher education and socioeconomic status can reduce LTPI in black adults.

[Sociodemographic factors associated with different domains of physical activity in adults of black ethnicity]. / Fatores sociodemográficos associados aos diferentes domínios da atividade física em adultos de etnia negra.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence and sociodemographic factors associated with different domains of physical activity among adults of black ethnicity. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with a sample of 2,305 black individuals from 20-96 years of age, 902 (39.1%) of which men living in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Sociodemographic variables analyzed were: gender, age, schooling, socioeconomic status (SES), marital status, racial discrimination at work/school (RDWE), in public (RDPUP) and private (RDPRP) places and perception of police (PPN) /violence in the neighborhood (PVN), as well as total physical activity (TPA) in its different domains: leisure time (LTPA), work (WPA), commuting (CPA) and household activity (HPA). Associations were analyzed using chi-square tests, chi-square trend and prevalence ratio (PR). We also used logistic regression analysis to estimate the odds ratio (OR) with a 95%confidence interval. RESULTS: The proportions of active individuals were 39.1% for TPA, 11.2% for LTPA, 9.6% for WPA, 23.7% for CPA and 33.7% for HPA. TPA was positively associated with higher schooling and inversely associated with male gender, age over 60 years and with no PPN. LTPA was positively associated with male gender, higher schooling and higher SES. WPA was inversely associated with age over 60 years and positively associated with male gender, higher schooling and no PPN. CPA was inversely associated with age over 60 years and positively associated with male gender. HPA was inversely associated with male gender, age over 60 years and no PPN and positively associated with higher schooling and SES. CONCLUSION: Socio-demographic factors, particularly gender, age and schooling were associated with different domains of physical activity among adults of black ethnicity.

Fatores sociodemográficos associados aos diferentes domínios da atividade física em adultos de etnia negra / Sociodemographic factors associated with different domains of physical activity in adults of black ethnicity

OBJETIVO: Analisar a prevalência e os fatores sociodemográficos associados aos diferentes domínios da atividade física em adultos de etnia negra. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com amostra de 2.305 adultos negros de 20 a 96 anos de idade, sendo 902 (39,1%) homens, residentes na cidade de Salvador, BA, Brasil. Foram analisadas as variáveis sociodemográficas sexo, idade, escolaridade, nível socioeconômico (NSE), estado civil, discriminação racial no trabalho/escola (DRTE), em ambientes públicos (DRAPU) e privados (DRAPR) e percepção de policiamento (PPB)/violência no bairro (PVB), além da atividade física total (AFT) e em diferentes domínios: tempo livre (AFTL), trabalho (AFTR), deslocamento (AFDL) e doméstico (AFDM). As associações foram analisadas por meio dos testes qui-quadrado, qui-quadrado de tendência e razão de prevalência (RP). Utilizou-se também regressão logística para estimar a razão de chances (RC) com intervalo de confiança de 95%. RESULTADOS: As proporções de indivíduos ativos foram 39,1% para AFT, 11,2% para AFTL, 9,6% para AFTR, 23,7% para AFDL e 33,7% para AFDM. A AFT associou-se positivamente com escolaridade e inversamente com sexo masculino, idade maior que 60 anos e com não PPB. A AFTL associou-se positivamente com sexo masculino, maior escolaridade e maior NSE. A AFTR associou-se inversamente à idade maior que 60 anos e positivamente com o sexo masculino, maior escolaridade e não PPB. A AFDL associou-se inversamente à idade maior que 60 anos e positivamente ao sexo masculino. A AFDM associou-se inversamente com o sexo masculino, idade maior que 60 anos e não PPB; e positivamente com maior escolaridade e NSE. CONCLUSÕES: Os fatores sociodemográficos, principalmente sexo, idade e escolaridade se mostraram associados aos diferentes domínios da atividade física em adultos de etnia negra.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence and sociodemographic factors associated with different domains of physical activity among adults of black ethnicity. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with a sample of 2,305 black individuals from 20-96 years of age, 902 (39.1%) of which men living in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Sociodemographic variables analyzed were: gender, age, schooling, socioeconomic status (SES), marital status, racial discrimination at work/school (RDWE), in public (RDPUP) and private (RDPRP) places and perception of police (PPN) /violence in the neighborhood (PVN), as well as total physical activity (TPA) in its different domains: leisure time (LTPA), work (WPA), commuting (CPA) and household activity (HPA). Associations were analyzed using chi-square tests, chi-square trend and prevalence ratio (PR). We also used logistic regression analysis to estimate the odds ratio (OR) with a 95%confidence interval. RESULTS: The proportions of active individuals were 39.1% for TPA, 11.2% for LTPA, 9.6% for WPA, 23.7% for CPA and 33.7% for HPA. TPA was positively associated with higher schooling and inversely associated with male gender, age over 60 years and with no PPN. LTPA was positively associated with male gender, higher schooling and higher SES. WPA was inversely associated with age over 60 years and positively associated with male gender, higher schooling and no PPN. CPA was inversely associated with age over 60 years and positively associated with male gender. HPA was inversely associated with male gender, age over 60 years and no PPN and positively associated with higher schooling and SES. CONCLUSION: Socio-demographic factors, particularly gender, age and schooling were associated with different domains of physical activity among adults of black ethnicity.

Associação entre pressão de pulso e fatores de risco cardiovascular em população negra: [revisão] / Association between pulse pressure and cardiovascular risk factorsin a negro population: [review]

A pressão de pulso alongada (PPa) é importante preditor de risco cardiovascular. Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência (P)de PPa e explorar a sua associação com fatores de risco cardiovascular em população adulta de etnia negra. Métodos: Estudo transversal, abrangendo 2.305 idades ≥ 20 anos, em Salvador, BA, Brasil. Usado o Palm Z22 para registro das entrevistas. Foram medidos: peso, altura circunferência da cintura (CC), pressão arterial (PA), bioquímicas e PCRas. Usados critérios de anormalidade da OMS e da SBC, exceto o ponto de corte da CC, que procedeu da própria amostra(89 cm para homens e 90 para mulheres). PP = PAS-PAD e valores do último tercil (≥ 49 mmHg) foi critério de PPa. Análise hierarquizada, estimados χ2 tendência e OR brutose ajustados. Resultados: P estatisticamente significantes(ES) foram detectadas para a maioria das variáveis na análise descritiva. Tendências ES para escolaridade e classe social. Prevalências da PPa > 70% detectadas para PAS e creatinina anormais. As variáveis dos blocos que se mantiveram independentemente associados à PPa foram: homens pretos, idades ≥ 40 anos, baixa escolaridade, obesidade, algumas lípidas, diabetes, hipertensão e creatinina. Conclusão: As tendências ES detectadas para baixas escolaridade e classe social evidenciam a importância social da PPa e associações com variáveis metabólicas demonstram a expressão clínica de descontrole dessas doenças.

Elongated pulse pressure (ePP) is a predictive for cardiovascular risk. Objective: To determine the prevalence (P)of ePP and investigate its association with cardiovascular risk factors in a negro population. Methods: Crosssectional study, involving 2,305 eligible subjects, age ≥ 20 year-old, Salvador, BA, Brazil. Interviews recorded in Palm. Height, weight, abdominal circumference (AC) based on the sample itself (89 cm for males and 90 cm for females) and blood pressure were measured, and biochemical and CRP essays were performed. PP wasthe difference between SBP and DBP, and PP ≥ 49 mmHg (upper tertile) was considered e PP. Analysis: χ2 of tendency, hierarchical analysis with an estimate of crude O Rand adjusted OR (AOR). Results: Statistically significant(SS) tendencies for low educational level and low social class; higher prevalence for e PP (> 70%) was found with abnormal SBP and creatinine levels, and SS elevated P for most descriptive variables. SS AOR in associationof ePP with males, black people, age ≥ 40 years, low education, obesity, some types of dyslipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, and high creatinine levels. Conclusion: SS tendencies detected for low education and low social class profiles make evident the social importance of e PP,and associations with metabolic variables demonstrate the clinical expression of poor disease control.