Micronutrient intake in elderly living in nursing homes / Ingesta de micronutrientes en ancianos residentes en instituciones de larga permanencia

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the ingestion of micronutrients in elderly living in nursing homes. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, conducted with 216 individuals of both sexes, age equal or greater than 60 years, living in nursing homes for elderly in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Direct weighing of the food was used to get food intake, and prevalence of inadequacy was obtained using the software Multiple Source Method (MSM) and evaluated by estimated average requirement (EAR). Results: A high prevalence of inadequate intake of micronutrients was observed, being over 90% for vitamins E, folate, pyridoxine and calcium, in both sexes and between 50 and 70% for selenium, retinol, riboflavin, cyanocobalamin and vitamin C. Conclusion: The high prevalence of inadequate intake of micronutrients in elderly living on nursing homes observed in this study may be used for planning public health strategies aiming to improve the nutritional context of this population and their quality of life, reducing the costs of health care (AU)

Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la ingesta de micronutrientes en ancianos residentes en instituciones de larga permanencia. Métodos: se trata de un estudio transversal, realizado con 216 individuos de ambos sexos, con edad igual o superior a 60 años y residentes en instituciones de larga permanencia en la ciudad de Salvador, Bahía, Brasil. Para la evaluación del consumo alimentario se utilizó el pesaje directo del alimento y la comparación con los valores de referencia del requerimiento promedio estimado (RPE). La prevalencia de ingesta inadecuada fue obtenida a través del software Multiple Source Method (MSM). Resultados: se observó una alta prevalencia de ingesta inadecuada de micronutrientes por encima de 90% para las vitaminas E, folato, piridoxina y calcio, en ambos sexos, y entre el 50% y el 70% para selenio, retinol, riboflavina, cianocobalamina y vitamina C. Conclusión: la elevada prevalencia de ingesta inadecuada de micronutrientes en los ancianos residentes en instituciones de larga permanencia observada en este estudio puede ser utilizada para la planificación de estrategias en salud pública, con el objetivo de mejorar la situación nutricional de esta población y su calidad de vida, reduciendo los costes derivados de la asistencia sanitaria (AU)

Associação Entre Força Muscular Relativa e Risco Cardiometabólico em Pacientes Hipertensos / Association between Relative Muscular Strength and Cardiometabolic Risk in Hypertensive Patients

Introdução: A força muscular tem sido considerada bom preditor de risco para doenças cardiovasculares. Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre força muscular relativa com fatores de risco cardiometabólicos em pacientes hipertensos. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com 115 pacientes hipertensos atendidos em um hospital universitário. Foram coletadas variáveis antropométricas e bioquímicas (glicemia de jejum, colesterol total e frações e triglicerídeos). Foram calculados os indicadores razão cintura/altura e Índice de massa corporal. A força muscular relativa foi avaliada a partir da força de preensão palmar, medida pelo dinamômetro, e dividida pelo peso corporal. A correlação de Pearson e o modelo de regressão linear foram utilizados para estimar a relação entre as variáveis de risco e a força muscular relativa. Foram adotados um nível de significância de 5% e intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: A maioria da população (82,6%) foi do sexo feminino, 64,3% adultos, 56,5% sedentários e 93,0% com excesso de peso. Foram observadas correlações inversas significantes entre a força muscular relativa com a razão cintura/ altura e Índice de massa corporal (p=0,000). O modelo de regressão mostrou que o aumento na razão cintura/altura contribuiu significativamente para a redução da força de preensão palmar relativa (p=0,023), assim como ser do sexo feminino (p=0,000). Conclusão: O presente estudo identificou associação entre a força de preensão palmar relativa e variáveis de risco cardiometabólico

Introduction: Muscle strength has been considered a good predictor of risk for cardiovascular diseases. Objective: To evaluate the association between relative muscular strength and cardiometabolic risk factors in hypertensive patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 115 hypertensive patients attended at a university hospital. Anthropometric and biochemical variables (fasting glycemia, total cholesterol and fractions and triglycerides) were collected. The Waist / height ratio and body mass index were calculated. Relative muscle strength was assessed from the palmar grip strength, measured by the dynamometer, and divided by body weight. Pearson's correlation was used and the linear regression model to estimate the relationship between risk variables and relative muscle strength. A significance level of 5% and a 95% confidence interval were adopted. Results: The majority of the population (82.6%) were female, 64.3% were adults, 56.5% were sedentary and 93.0% were overweight. Significant inverse correlations were observed between relative muscle strength with waist / height ratio and body mass index (p=0.000). The regression model showed that the increase in waist / height ratio contributed significantly to the reduction of relative muscle strength (p = 0.023), as well as being female (p = 0.000). Conclusion: The present study identified an association between relative muscle strength and cardiometabolic risk variables

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Hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype: association with metabolic disorders and visceral fat in adults.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of Hypertriglyceridemic waist with metabolic disorders and visceral fat in adults. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 191 individuals of both sexes. Subjects were grouped according to Waist Circumference (WC) ratings (Men: > 90 cm; Women: > 80 cm) and triglycerides (TG) (> 150 mg/dl) in Group 1 (HTW Phenotype): elevated WC and TG; Group 2 (absence of HTW Phenotype): elevated WC and normal TG or normal WC and elevated TG or normal WC and TG. Metabolic alternations, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and visceral/subcutaneous fat index (VF/SF) measured by computed tomography were evaluated as cardiovascu - lar risk factors between the groups. RESULTS: Individuals with HTW phenotype, 82% had three or more cardiovascular risk factors. The association between cardiovascular risk factors with HTW phenotype revealed that among men 73.7% had hypercholesterolemia, 94.9% elevated non-HDLc and 78.9% excess of VAT area (p = 0.001). Among women, 65% had elevated Sistolic Blood Plessure, 80% hypercholesterolemia and 90% elevated non-HDLc (p < 0.02). CONCLUSION: The HTW phenotype associated with the metabolic alternations and VAT excess. Individuals with HTW had higher number of cardiovascular risk factors. The Hypertriglyceridemic waist can be used in clinical practice for investigating cardiovascular risk and visceral adipose tissue in individuals.

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la relación entre Cintura Hipertrigliceridémica (CHT) con cambios metabólicos y grasa visceral en adultos. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal con 191 personas de ambos sexos. Los participantes fueron agrupados según clasificación de Circunferencia de Cintura (CC) (Hombres: > 90 cm; Mujeres: > 80 cm) y triglicéridos séricos (TG) (>150 mg/dl) en el Grupo 1 (Fenotipo CHT): Elevación en CC y TG; Grupo 2 (ausencia del Fenotipo CHT): Aumento en CC y TG normal, o CC normal y TG elevado o CC y TG normales. Cambios metabólicos, área del tejido adiposo visceral (TAV) y índice de grasa visceral/subcutáneo (GV/GS), medidas por tomografía computadorizada, fueron evaluados como factores de riesgo cardiovascular entre los grupos. RESULTADOS: De los participantes con el Fenotipo CHT, 82% presentaban tres o más factores de riesgo cardiovascular. La relación entre los factores de riesgo cardiovascular y el Fenotipo CHT demostró que entre los hombres 73,7% presentaban hipercolesterolemia, 94,9% no- HDLc elevado y 78,9% exceso de área TAV (p = 0,001). Entre las mujeres, 65% presentaban presión arterial sistólica alta, 80% hipercolesterolemia y 90% no-HDLc elevado (p < 0,02). CONCLUSIÓN: El Fenotipo CHT se relacionó con cambios metabólicos y exceso de TAV. Personas con CHT presentaron más factores de riesgo cardiovascular. La Cintura Hipertrigliceridémica puede ser utilizada en la práctica clínica para investigar el riesgo cardiovascular y el depósito del tejido adiposo visceral en las personas.

Nutritional status of institutionalized elderly Brazilians: a study with the Mini Nutritional Assessment.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the nutritional status of elderly living in nursing homes in the city of Salvador, Brazil and associated factors. METHODS: Cross-sectional study performed with 359 individuals of both sexes, ages equal or over 60 years old, located in Nursing Homes in the urban area of the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. RESULTS: Regarding nutritional status according to Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), 66.3% of the evaluated elderly were malnourished and at risk of malnutrition. When comparing sexes, it has been observed that among men the prevalence of this condition (76.6%) was higher than in women (62.4%). It has been observed, as a result of the multivariate analysis, that only the variable functional capacity for Activities of Daily Living (ADL) was statistically significant. There was moderate correlation between MNA and Mini-Mental State Examination (r=0.454; p<0.0001), as well as between MNA and the ADL scale (r=0.569; p<0.0001). There was weak negative correlation between MNA total score and age (r=0.159; p=0.002). CONCLUSION: Malnutrition and malnutrition risk were conditions of remarkable importance, with almost two-thirds of the elderly in this situation. ADL functional capacity must be monitored given their close relationship with the nutritional status of the elderly. An interdisciplinary approach in the context of institutionalization is needed due to the association between nutritional status and variables of different dimensions.

Objective: Evaluar el estado nutricional de los ancianos residentes en Hogares para Ancianos, en la ciudad de Salvador, Brasil y factores asociados. Métodos: Estudio transversal con 359 individuos mayores de 60 años, de ambos sexos y residentes en hogares de ancianos en la zona urbana de la ciudad de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Resultados: En cuanto al estado nutricional de acuerdo con Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), el 66,3% de los ancianos evaluados estaban desnutridos y en riesgo de desnutrición. La prevalencia de esta afección fue mayor entre los hombres (76,6%) en comparación con las mujeres (62,4%). Se ha observado, como resultado del análisis multivariado, que sólo la capacidad funcional variable para Actividades de la Vida Diaria (AVD) fue estadísticamente significativa. Hubo correlación moderada entre MNA y Mini Examen del Estado Mental (r = 0,454; p.