Results from the Baksan Experiment on Sterile Transitions (BEST).

The Baksan Experiment on Sterile Transitions (BEST) was designed to investigate the deficit of electron neutrinos ν_{e} observed in previous gallium-based radiochemical measurements with high-intensity neutrino sources, commonly referred to as the "gallium anomaly," which could be interpreted as evidence for oscillations between ν_{e} and sterile neutrino (ν_{s}) states. A 3.414-MCi ^{51}Cr ν_{e} source was placed at the center of two nested Ga volumes and measurements were made of the production of ^{71}Ge through the charged current reaction, ^{71}Ga(ν_{e},e^{-})^{71}Ge, at two average distances. The measured production rates for the inner and the outer targets, respectively, are [54.9_{-2.4}^{+2.5}(stat)±1.4(syst)] and [55.6_{-2.6}^{+2.7}(stat)±1.4(syst)] atoms of ^{71}Ge/d. The ratio (R) of the measured rate of ^{71}Ge production at each distance to the expected rate from the known cross section and experimental efficiencies are R_{in}=0.79±0.05 and R_{out}=0.77±0.05. The ratio of the outer to the inner result is 0.97±0.07, which is consistent with unity within uncertainty. The rates at each distance were found to be similar, but 20%-24% lower than expected, thus reaffirming the anomaly. These results are consistent with ν_{e}→ν_{s} oscillations with a relatively large Δm^{2} (>0.5 eV^{2}) and mixing sin^{2}2θ (≈0.4).

[Extreme Climatic Events in the Altai Republic According to Dendrochronological Data].

The results of dating of extreme climatic events by damage to the anatomical structure and missing tree rings of the Siberian larch in the upper forest boundary of the Altai Republic are given. An analysis of the spatial distribution of the revealed dates over seven plots (Kokcy, Chind, Ak-ha, Jelo, Tute, Tara, and Sukor) allowed us to distinguish the extreme events on interregional (1700, 1783, 1788, 1812, 1814, 1884), regional (1724, 1775, 1784, 1835, 1840, 1847, 1850, 1852, 1854, 1869, 1871, 1910, 1917, 1927, 1938, 1958, 1961), and local (1702, 1736, 1751, 1785, 1842, 1843,1874, 1885, 1886, 1919, 2007, and 2009) scales. It was shown that the events of an interregional scale correspond with the dates of major volcanic eruptions (Grimsvotn, Lakagigar, Etna, Awu, Tambora, Soufriere St. Vinsent, Mayon, and Krakatau volcanos) and extreme climatic events, crop failures, lean years, etc., registered in historical sources.

[Affective disorders in women with reproductive cancer (to the problem of somatoreactive cyclothymia)].

Based on the observation of 26 female patients, authors present a specific subtype of bipolar disorder - a somatoreactive cyclothymia which develops concomitantly with cancer. The affective disorder manifests itself as an acceptor of the clinical rhythm of cancer: the first and recurrent affective episodes coincide with the key stages of the disease.

[Pulmonary disorders in patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease].

The article devoted to respiratory pathology (RP) in patients with UC and CD with clinical-radiological and functional (a function of external respiration--ERF) methods. The study included 220 patients with IBD (164--with UC and 56--with CD), aged 18-76 years (average age 40.6 years). ERF was studied by spirograph and recording flow-volume curve of forced expiration using pnevmotaograph "Eton-1" (Russia), 11 patients underwent HDCT at on multislice computer tomograph Toshiba Aquilion-16 (Japan). The study found that RP was most often detected by pulmonary function tests (44.1%), with a targeted detection of respiratory symptoms (32.9%), especially during HDCT. Much less marked physical (8.6%) and radiological (12.3%), signs of pulmonary disease, which indicates the low sensitivity of standard X-ray study of the CO. Airflow obstruction in the majority (78.3%) patients were represented mainly by obstruction of small bronchus, while in 51.6% of patients with impaired respiratory functions had no respiratory complaints, and 79.4% of patients had no radiographic signs of RP.

[Results of surgical, combined and complex treatment of patients with uterine cancer]. / Rezul'taty khirurgicheskogo, kombinirovannogo i kompleksnogo lecheniia bol'nykh rakom tela matki.

The results of treatment of 443 patients with endometrial carcinoma (surgery--101 (22.8%), combined therapy--183 (41.3%) and complex therapy--159 (35.9%) are presented. The role of clinico-morphological factors, including steroid hormone receptor levels in tumor, is discussed with a view to combat tumor.

Regulation of phospholipid turnover by steroid hormones in endometrial carcinoma and breast cancer cells.

To study the early effects of steroid hormones on cells we investigated the influence of the sex steroids and tamoxifen on phospholipid turnover in endometrial carcinoma and breast cancer cells. Studies were performed on 19 human uterine adenocarcinomas and 29 breast cancer tumors. Progesterone in a final concentration of 10(-7) mol/l caused a twofold decrease of 32P incorporation into phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine and phosphoinositides) in 85% of the uterine adenocarcinomas where the progesterone receptor (PR) content was more than 100 nmol/kg and only in 30% of the tumors where the PR content was less than 100 nmol/kg. Treatment of the cells with 10(-8) mol/l 17 beta-estradiol or 10(-8) mol/l epidermal growth factor led to an increase in 32P incorporation into phospholipids. Analysis of the hormonal responsiveness of 29 human breast cancers showed that 17 beta-estradiol increased 32P incorporation into phospholipids in 47% of the tumors where the estradiol receptor (ER) content was more than 10 nmol/kg and in 21% of the receptor-negative tumors (ER < 10 nmol/kg) The results show that phospholipid turnover in uterine and breast cells can be regulated by sex steroids. Treatment of the breast cancer cells with the antiestrogen tamoxifen (10(-6) mol/l) led to an increase of 32P incorporation into phosphoinositides and a decrease of 32P incorporation into phosphatidylcholine. Addition of an activator of protein kinase C, i.e. 2 x 10(-7) mol/l 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, weakened the inhibitory effect of tamoxifen on phosphatidylcholine turnover. These findings suggest that tamoxifen action can be mediated via an alteration of the growth signal transducing system.

[The effect of steroid hormones and tamoxifen on the rate of phospholipid turnover in the cells of uterine and breast tumors]. / Vliianie steroidnykh gormonov i tamoksifena na skorost' obrashcheniia fosfolipidov v kletkakh opukholei matki i molochnoi zhelezy.

The cycle of phospholipid turnover has been found to be under the negative control of hormonal cytostatics (progesterone) and under the positive control of proliferation stimulants (17 beta-estradiol, epidermal growth factor). Specific changes in the synthesis of phospholipids are shown when tamoxiphen, an antiestrogen and an inhibitor of protein kinase C, was used. The findings suggest that changes in the turnover rate of phospholipids are one of the key stages of steroid action on target cells and may be regarded as an additional criterion of tumor genetic sensibility.

[Malignant ovarian struma]. / Ozlokachestvennaia struma iaichnika.

A rare observation of an unilateral ovarian tumour in a 62-year-old patient is presented. According to the clinical data and the results of the ultrasound examination the tumour was considered as a carcinoma. Hysterectomy with appendages and large omentum resection were performed. A tumour of the right ovary, 13 x 10 x 10 cm was found: cyst with a grey-brown soft node was observed in the cut surface. Histologically, the struma remnants were observed in the cyst wall and structures corresponding to the follicular carcinoma of the thyroid, the central parts of which had a structure of the C-cell thyroid carcinoma. Ultrastructural examination confirmed a light microscopic diagnosis of the malignant monodermal ovarian teratoma developing from the struma with areas of follicular solid C-cell carcinoma.