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1.
Int J Pept Res Ther ; 26(2): 1137-1146, 2020.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32435170

RESUMEN

Teschovirus A belongs to the family Picornaviridae and is a causal agent of the disease Teschovirus encephalomyelitis and other infections that remain asymptomatic. The present study was performed to design epitope-based peptide vaccine against Teschovirus A by identifying the potential T cell and B-cell epitopes from capsid proteins (VP1, VP3 and VP2) of the virus using reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics approaches. In the current study, hexapeptide T-cell and octapeptide B-cell epitopes were analyzed for immunogenicity, antigenicity and hydrophilicity scores of each epitope. Each potential epitope was further characterized using ExPASy-ProtParam and Antimicrobial Peptide Database (APD3) tools for determining various physical and chemical parameters of the epitope. One linear hexapeptide T-cell epitope, i.e., RPVNDE (epitope position 77-82) and one linear octapeptide B-cell epitope, i.e., AYSRSHPQ (236-243) were identified from the viral capsid protein as they possess the capability to raise effective immunogenic reaction in the host organism against the virus. Pharmaceutical industries could harness the results of this investigation to develop epitope-based peptide vaccines by loading the identified epitopes in combination with targeting signal peptides of T-cells and B-cells and then inserting the combination into virus like particle (vlp) or constructing subunit vaccines for further trial.

2.
Infect Genet Evol ; 78: 104106, 2020 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31706079

RESUMEN

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a serious leading health complication emerging expansively that has severely affected the survival rate of human beings. This fatal disease is caused by JE Virus (JEV). The current study was carried out for designing a multi-epitope loaded peptide vaccine to prevent JEV. Based on reverse vaccinology and in silico approaches, octapeptide B-cell and hexapeptide T-cell epitopes belonging to five proteins, viz. E, prM, NS1, NS3 and NS5 of JEV were determined. Hydrophilicity, antigenicity, immunogenicity and aliphatic amino acids of the epitopes were estimated. Further, the epitopes were analyzed for different physicochemical parameters, e.g. total net charges, amino acid composition and Boman index. Out of all the epitopes, a total of four T-cell epitopes namely KRADSS, KRSRRS, SKRSRR and KECPDE and one B-cell epitope i.e. PKPCSKGD were found to have potential for raising immunity in human against the pathogen. Taking into account the outcome of this study, the pharmaceutical industries could initiate efforts to combine the identified epitopes together with adjuvant or carrier protein to develop a multi-epitope-loaded peptide vaccine against JEV. The peptide vaccine, being cost effective, could be administered as a prophylactic measure and in JEV infected individuals to combat the spread of this virus in human population. However, prior to administration into human beings, the vaccine must pass through several clinical trials.


Asunto(s)
Virus de la Encefalitis Japonesa (Especie)/inmunología , Vacunas contra la Encefalitis Japonesa/inmunología , Aminoácidos/análisis , Linfocitos B/inmunología , Epítopos/química , Epítopos/inmunología , Inmunogenicidad Vacunal , Péptidos/inmunología , ARN Helicasas/inmunología , Serina Endopeptidasas/inmunología , Proteínas no Estructurales Virales/inmunología
3.
Curr Genet ; 66(3): 447-462, 2020 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31691023

RESUMEN

In recent years, CRISPR-Cas9 technology is widely acknowledged for having major applications in the field of biotechnology for editing genome of any organism to treat a variety of complex diseases and for other purposes. The acronym 'CRISPR-Cas' stands for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated genes. This genetic organization exists in prokaryotic organisms and aids in the development of adaptive immunity since a protein called Cas9 nuclease cleaves specific target nucleic acid sequences from foreign invaders and destroys them. This mode of action has gained interest of the researchers to understand the insights of CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Here, we review that CRISPR-Cas organization is restricted to two classes and possesses different protein effectors. We also review the architecture of CRISPR loci, mechanism involved in genome editing by CRISPR-Cas9 technology and pathways of repairing double-strand breaks (DSBs) generated during the process of genome editing. This review also presents the strategies to increase the Cas9 specificity and reduce off-target activity to achieve accurate genome editing. Further, this review provides information on CRISPR tools used for genome editing, databases that are required for storing data on loci, strategies for delivering CRISPR-Cas9 to cells under study and applications of CRISPR-Cas9 to various fields. Safety measures are implemented on this technology to avoid misuse or ethical issues. We also discuss about the future aspects and potential applications of CRISPR-Cas9 technology required mainly for the treatment of dreadful diseases, crop improvement as well as genetic improvement in human.


Asunto(s)
Sistemas CRISPR-Cas , Edición Génica , Genoma Humano , Humanos
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