Osseodensification effect on implants primary and secondary stability: Multicenter controlled clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Osseodensification (OD) has shown to improve implant stability; however, the influences of implant design, dimensions, and surgical site characteristics are unknown. PURPOSE: To compare the insertion torque (IT) and temporal implant stability quotients (ISQ) of implants placed via OD or subtractive drilling (SD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This multicenter controlled clinical trial enrolled 56 patients, whom were in need of at least 2 implants (n = 150 implants). Patients were treated with narrow, regular, or wide implants and short, regular, or long implants in the anterior or posterior region of the maxilla or in the posterior region of the mandible. Osteotomies were performed following manufacturers recommendation. IT was recorded with a torque indicator. ISQ was recorded with resonance frequency analysis immediately after surgery, 3 and 6 weeks. RESULTS: Data complied as a function of osteotomy indicated significantly higher IT for OD relative to SD. OD outperformed conventional SD for all pairwise comparisons of arches (maxilla and mandible) and areas operated (anterior and posterior), diameters and lengths of the implants, except for short implants. Overall, ISQ data also demonstrated significantly higher values for OD compared to SD regardless of the healing period. Relative to immediate readings, ISQ values significantly decreased at 3 weeks, returning to immediate levels at 6 weeks; however, ISQ values strictly remained above 68 throughout healing time for OD. Data as a function of arch operated and osteotomy, area operated and osteotomy, implant dimensions and osteotomy, also exhibited higher ISQ values for OD relative to SD on pairwise comparisons, except for short implants. CONCLUSIONS: OD demonstrated higher IT and temporal ISQ values relative to SD, irrespective of arch and area operated as well as implant design and dimension, with an exception for short implants. Future studies should focus on biomechanical parameters and bone level change evaluation after loading.

[Perinatal encephalopathy sequelae identified by a neurobehavioral scale in one year old infants]. / Secuelas de encefalopatía perinatal identificadas con una escala de desarrollo neuroconductual.

OBJECTIVE: to identify neurodevelopmental sequelae in one year old infants with perinatal encephalopathy utilizing the neurobehavioral scale named Vanedela. METHODS: a cohort of 75 newborns with perinatal encephalopathy was assessed with a neurobehavioral follow-up scale at age of 1, 4, 8 and 12 months. A distinction was made between functional, structural and combined encephalopathy. Two groups of neurodevelopmental outcome at one year were identified: with or without sequelae. Nonparametric statistics was used. RESULTS: infants with functional encephalopathy had the best scores, followed by those with structural encephalopathy, while infants with a combined encephalopathy had the lowest scores. At one year of age, the group with neurobehavioral sequelae exhibited the lowest scores and retarded growth. At the same age, the group with functional encephalopathy exhibited no neurobehavioral sequelae, and reached better scores and growth. CONCLUSIONS: the neurobehavioral follow-up scale is able to identify the neurodevelopmental sequelae at the age of one year in infants with perinatal encephalopathy. The application of Vanedela in the clinical field requires of little time, its results are trustworthy and very useful for the neurobehavioral follow-up assessment.

Child feeding practices and household food insecurity among low-income mothers in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

This qualitative study of low-income mothers in Buenos Aires, Argentina, examines the influence of socio-economic conditions, organizational structures, family relationships, and food insecurity on child feeding practices and weight status. Thirty-eight mothers of preschool children living in urban Buenos Aires participated in four focus group discussions. The results indicated that many mothers were aware that obesity may be detrimental to the child's health, but most of them are unclear about the specific consequences. Maternal employment, family pressures, food insecurity and financial worries seem to influence child feeding practices. These findings have important implications for developing strategies for nutritional assistance that could benefit the health of children and provide opportunities for educational programs that are directed to nutritional awareness in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The right to eat regularly and properly is an obligation of the State and must be implemented taking into account the notion of food sovereignty and respecting the importance of preserving the culture and eating habits of a country and its diverse population groups.

Child feeding practices and household food insecurity among low-income mothers in Buenos Aires, Argentina / Práticas de alimentação infantil e insegurança alimentar doméstica entre mães de baixa renda em Buenos Aires, Argentina

This qualitative study of low-income mothers in Buenos Aires, Argentina, examines the influence of socio-economic conditions, organizational structures, family relationships, and food insecurity on child feeding practices and weight status. Thirty-eight mothers of preschool children living in urban Buenos Aires participated in four focus group discussions. The results indicated that many mothers were aware that obesity may be detrimental to the child's health, but most of them are unclear about the specific consequences. Maternal employment, family pressures, food insecurity and financial worries seem to influence child feeding practices. These findings have important implications for developing strategies for nutritional assistance that could benefit the health of children and provide opportunities for educational programs that are directed to nutritional awareness in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The right to eat regularly and properly is an obligation of the State and must be implemented taking into account the notion of food sovereignty and respecting the importance of preserving the culture and eating habits of a country and its diverse population groups.

Estudo qualitativo realizado com mães de baixa renda em Buenos Aires, Argentina, que examina a influência das condições socioeconômicas, da estrutura organizacional, das relações familiares e da insegurança alimentar sobre as práticas de alimentação infantil e o padrão de peso. Trinta e oito mães de crianças pré-escolares que vivem em áreas urbanas de Buenos Aires participaram de quatro discussões em grupos focais. Os resultados indicaram que muitas mães estavam cientes de que a obesidade pode ser prejudicial para a saúde da criança, mas a maioria não tem clareza sobre as consequências. O trabalho materno, as pressões familiares, a insegurança alimentar e as preocupações financeiras parecem influenciar as práticas de alimentação infantil. Esses achados têm importantes implicações para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de assistência nutricional, que poderão beneficiar a saúde das crianças e as oportunidades de educação nutricional dos programas que são direcionados à transição nutricional em Buenos Aires. O direito de se alimentar regular e adequadamente é obrigação do Estado e deve ser exercida tomando em consideração a noção de soberania alimentar e respeitando a importância a preservação da cultura e hábitos alimentares de um país e seus diversos grupos populacionais.

Healing of chronic arterial and venous leg ulcers through systemic effects of electromagnetic fields [corrected].

BACKGROUND: Mitogen-activated autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells applied locally on the ulcer surface promote healing of chronic arterial and venous leg ulcers. In vitro, extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF) interact with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) via Ca++ channels, activating signal transduction cascades, promoting cytokine synthesis, and changing cell proliferation patterns. METHODS: ELF frequencies were configured to interact in vitro with the proliferation patterns of PBMC obtained from normal human volunteers. These ELF were then applied peripherally as the sole treatment to 26 patients with 42 chronic leg ulcers of predominantly arterial or venous etiology unresponsive to previous medical and/or surgical treatments in a phase I before-after design. RESULTS: At admission, age of ulcers had a skewed distribution with a median of 639 days. Wound healing or deleterious effects began in all patients during the first 2 weeks after ELF exposure, permitting their previously unresponsive ulcers to function as internal controls. After ELF exposure, 69% of all lesions were cured or healed >50% in a period <4 months. Defective wound healing was observed in lesions associated with important arterial occlusion, uncontrolled arterial hypertension, severe lipodermatosclerosis, non-pitting edema, and obesity (body mass index >30). Lesions worsened in patients with autoimmune diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Systemic effects are hypothetically explained by ELF activation of PBMC and their subsequent transportation to the ulcer site via humoral route. This therapy is effective in selected patients with chronic arterial and venous leg ulcers.