Tuberous sclerosis: clinicopathologic features and review of the literature.

INTRODUCTION: Tuberous sclerosis is a hamartoneoplastic syndrome, which may involve multiple organ systems. Oral hard tissue manifestations of the syndrome have been described in the literature only as recently as 1955. Patients who presented with clinical manifestations of tuberous sclerosis did not routinely undergo oral surveys to rule out 'lesions', and consequently data on 'lesions' in the maxillofacial complex is scant. Ten cases have been found in the English language literature, which describe maxillofacial 'lesions', which may be tumours, new growths, neoplasms or overgrowths occurring in patients diagnosed with tuberous sclerosis. PURPOSE: To review the literature for all maxillofacial lesions associated with tuberous sclerosis and to present an eleventh case of a patient with a maxillofacial lesion diagnosed as having tuberous sclerosis. RESULTS: Eleven cases were found with maxillofacial fibroblastic lesions associated with tuberous sclerosis. These lesions were all fibrous benign neoplasms found in the maxillofacial bony complex. CONCLUSIONS: Maxillofacial fibroblastic lesions in tuberous sclerosis have various histopathological presentations, some of which may be difficult to differentiate. Consequently, close microscopic examination of these lesions is necessary so that adequate surgical treatment is provided.

In-beam electron ionization mass spectra of penicillins.

The characteristics of in-beam electron ionization mass spectra of 6-aminopenicillanic acid and several penicillins, which yield no detectable molecular ion peaks using a conventional direct-insertion probe, have been established. The spectra of all compounds studied, with the exception of amoxicillin, exhibited molecular ion or (M+1) peaks with spectral features similar to the reported methyl ester or amide derivatives of the compounds. The fragmentation of penicillin G on electron impact under in-beam conditions can be described on the basis of data from mass analyzed ion kinetic energy spectrometry. A desorption technique utilizing polyethylene glycol 4000 was used as a means of obtaining satisfactory spectra of ampicillin and amoxicillin.

Mandelonitrile beta-glucuronide: synthesis and characterization.

Mandelonitrile beta-glucuronide, the compound patented as Laetrile, has been synthesized from rabbit liver uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyl transferase immobilized on beaded sepharose, has been analyzed by thin-layer chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and has been tested for cytotoxicity and mutagenic activity with Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98 and TA 100. Several commercial laetrile preparations contained no glucuronide; they contained amygdalin and neoamygdalin instead. Mandelonitrile, mandelonitrile glucuronide, and a mixture of amygdalin and neoamygdalin were each found to be mutagenic.

Mass spectral coding technique for identification of drugs and related compounds in reference compendia.

A modification of the spectral abbreviation technique originally described by Hites and Biemann is proposed for identifying compounds through a coding of mass spectral data. Data from 2 closely related compounds (trimethadione and paramethadione), acquired by using 3 instruments, are presented. The technique appears to overcome observed differences in low resolution spectra when the same compound is analyzed by electron impact on mass spectrometers differing in design, manufacturer, principle of ion separation,, and operator. A list of spectra coded by this technique could constitute a rapid manual system of reproducing mass spectral data, using the significant high mass ions of low abundance as well as the frequently more abundant lower mass ions. This system is compared with existing systems.