One-Stage Approach to Rehabilitate a Hopeless Tooth in the Maxilla by Means of Immediate Dentoalveolar Restoration: Surgical and Prosthetic Considerations.

Contemporary dentistry has increased the demand for predictable functional and esthetic results in a short period of time without compromising the long-term success of rehabilitation. Recent advances in surgical techniques have provided alternatives that allow the prosthetic rehabilitation of complex implant-supported cases through minimally invasive techniques. In this context, immediate dentoalveolar restoration (IDR) was described aiming at restoring function and esthetics through the reconstruction of lost periodontal tissues followed by immediate implant placement in order to minimize treatment time and surgical morbidity in a one-stage approach. Therefore, the aim of this clinical case is to describe the reconstruction and rehabilitation of a hopeless tooth in the maxillary region in a one-stage approach by means of IDR. The proposed steps to rehabilitate the case involved atraumatic dental extraction, immediate implant placement, and hard tissue augmentation by means of cortical-medullary bone graft harvested from the maxillary tuberosity. Afterwards, a provisional restoration was manufactured and installed to the implant allowing immediate prosthesis provisionalization and function in the same operatory time. Six months after the surgical procedure, the final prosthesis was manufactured and installed. The follow-up of nine years demonstrated the preservation of hard and soft tissue without tissue alteration and a successful esthetic outcome. The surgical protocol used allowed the ideal three-dimensional placement of the implant with the restoration of the bone buccal wall, favoring the esthetic and functional outcome of the case with harmony between white and pink esthetics. In conclusion, the employed treatment validated immediate implant-supported restoration of the missing tooth with high predictability. Furthermore, this protocol resulted in fewer surgical interventions, regeneration, and preservation of peri-implant tissues reaching the patient's expectations.

In vitro evaluation of the influence of bone cortical thickness on the primary stability of conventional- and short-sized implants.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of the cortical thickness on the primary stability of short and conventional-sized implants with two types of prosthetic connection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seventy-two implants were used. These implants were placed in polyurethane blocks that simulated low-density bone tissue (type IV bone), with two bone cortical heights (type I bone): 1mm and 3mm. The implants were divided into 6 groups with 12 implants each according to the type of prosthetic connections (external-hexagon -EH and morse taper- MT) and implant sizes (conventional- 4x10mm and short 5x5mm; 5.5x5mm; 5x6mm; 5.5x6mm). Insertion torque (IT) and resonance frequency analyzes (RFA) were performed to evaluate the primary stability of the implants. RESULTS: All implants installed in blocks with 3mm of cortical thickness showed greater IT than those installed in 1mm. The short-sized MT implants had a higher IT than conventional implants of the same connection. Short-sized EH implants showed less IT than short-sized MT implants in blocks with 3mm of cortical. In blocks with 1mm of cortical, conventional EH implants had a higher IT compared to short-sized EH implants. The conventional sized implants presented higher RFA values despite the thickness of the cortical in the blocks. CONCLUSIONS: The greater bone cortical thickness and implants size provides greater primary stability of the implants regardless the prosthetic connection. Key words:Implants connection, implants macrostructure, primary stability.

A Prosthetic and Surgical Approach for Full-Arch Rehabilitation in Atrophic Maxilla Previously Affected by Peri-Implantitis.

Rehabilitation of atrophic maxilla with dental implants is still a challenge in clinical practice especially in cases of alveolar bone resorption due to peri-implantitis and pneumatization of the maxillary sinuses. Several surgical approaches have been employed to reconstruct the lost tissues allowing the proper tridimensional position of the implants. In this context, the aim of this case report is to describe a surgical and prosthetic approach to fully rehabilitate the atrophic maxilla with dental implants. The patient presented with unsatisfactory functional and esthetical implant-supported prosthesis with some of the implants already lost by peri-implantitis. The remaining three implants were also affected by peri-implantitis. Reversal prosthetic planning was performed, and a provisional prosthesis was fabricated and anchored in two short implants. Sinus floor augmentation procedure and onlay bone graft were then accomplished. After a healing period of 8 months, digital-guided surgery approach was performed to place the implants. Finally, a definitive prosthesis was installed. One-year follow-up has revealed stabilization of the bone tissue level, successful osseointegration, and a pleasant esthetic and functional result. A proper diagnosis and careful planning play an important role to enhance precision and to achieve patient esthetic and functional outcomes.

In Vitro Evaluation of the Primary Stability of Short and Conventional Implants.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the primary stability of short and conventional dental implants with different platform types at different site densities in vitro. One hundred twenty implants were placed in polyurethane blocks that simulate different bone densities (bone types I and IV). The implants were divided into 10 groups, with 12 implants each according to the type of prosthetic connections (external hexagon, EH; morse taper, MT) and size of the implants (conventional: 4 × 10 mm; short: 5 × 5, 5.5 × 5, 5 × 6, and 5.5 × 6 mm). Insertion torque and resonance frequency analyses were performed to evaluate the primary stability. The Kruskal-Wallis test complemented by Dunn's test and the Mann-Whitney test were used for statistical analysis. These tests were applied at the confidence level of 95% (P < .05). The implants installed in blocks with density type IV exhibited reduced insertion torque compared with implants placed in blocks with density type I. Short implants with EH exhibited increased insertion torque compared with short implants with MT in blocks with bone density type I. In general, implants installed in blocks with density type I exhibited greater primary stability. The short implants with EH with a 5.5-mm diameter and the short implants with MT with a 5-mm diameter exhibited reduced primary stability. No differences between short and conventional implants were noted. Short implants have primary stability and insertion torque at least equivalent to conventional implants irrespective of the platform type and density of the site.

Aesthetic Implant Rehabilitation in Periodontally Compromised Patients: A Surgical and Prosthetic Rationale.

Two cases of aesthetic implant abutment rehabilitation in the maxillary anterior area in periodontally compromised patients following conventional periodontal therapy and tooth extractions are presented. For the two cases of anterior tooth loss due to advanced periodontal disease progression, atraumatic flapless extractions were performed followed by the placement of immediate implants and provisional restorations. For the first case, lithium disilicate cemented over the abutment was used to achieve excellent aesthetic results. In the second case, custom zirconia abutments were used as prosthetic components. The results at the 3-year follow-up showed absence of inflammation and/or infection on the peri-implantar tissue with satisfactory aesthetic and excellent biological and clinical results achieved with reduced treatment time and morbidity for both patients. Total absence of infection and frequent plaque control after implant placement are mandatory before selection of the abutment material. The planning of the final treatment as specified by the concept of comprehensive dental care is outlined, and the final outcome is discussed in relation to the literature.

Reconstruction of the Alveolar Buccal Bone Plate in Compromised Fresh Socket after Immediate Implant Placement Followed by Immediate Provisionalization.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this clinical report was to reestablish the buccal bone wall after immediate implant placement. The socket defect was corrected with autogenous bone, and a connective tissue graft was removed from the maxillary tuberosity to increase the thickness, height, and width of the buccal bone and gingival tissue followed by immediate provisionalization of the crown during the same operation. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS: A 66-year-old patient presented with a hopeless maxillary left central incisor with loss of the buccal bone wall. Atraumatic, flapless extraction was performed, and an immediate implant was placed in the extraction socket followed by preparation of an immediate provisional restoration. Subsequently, immediate reconstruction of the buccal bone plate was performed, using the tuberosity as the donor site, to obtain block bone and connective tissue grafts, as well as particulate bone. Finally, immediate provisionalization of the crown followed by simple sutures was performed. Cone-beam computed tomography and periapical radiographs were taken before and after surgery. After 4 months, the final prosthetic crown was made. After a 2-year follow-up, a satisfactory aesthetic result was achieved with lower treatment time and morbidity. CONCLUSION: This case demonstrates the effective use of immediate reconstruction of the buccal bone wall for the treatment of a hopeless tooth in the maxillary aesthetic area. This procedure efficiently promoted harmonious gingival and bone architecture, recovered lost anatomical structures with sufficient width and thickness, and maintained the stability of the alveolar bone crest in a single procedure. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: If appropriate clinical conditions exist, immediate dentoalveolar restoration may be the most conservative means of reconstructing the buccal bone wall after immediate implant placement followed by immediate provisionalization with predictable healing and lower treatment time.

Correction of Malpositioned Implants through Periodontal Surgery and Prosthetic Rehabilitation Using Angled Abutment.

When dental implants are malpositioned in relation to the adjacent teeth and alveolar bone or in an excessive buccal or lingual position, the final prosthesis rehabilitation impairs the peri-implant health of the gingival tissues and the aesthetics of the patient. Thus, the purpose of this case was to report and discuss a multidisciplinary protocol for the treatment of a compromised maxillary tooth in a patient with an abscess in his right central incisor due to an excessive buccal implant position. The patient presented with an implant-supported provisional restoration on his right maxillary central incisor and a traumatic injury in his left central incisor. The treatment protocol consisted in (i) abutment substitution to compensate the incorrect angulation of the implant, (ii) clinical crown lengthening, (iii) atraumatic extraction of the left central incisor, and (iv) immediate implant placement. Finally, (v) a custom abutment was fabricated to obtain a harmonious gingival contour around the prosthetic crown. In conclusion, when implants are incorrectly positioned in relation to the adjacent teeth, associated with soft-tissue defects, the challenge to create a harmonious mucogingival contours may be achieved with an interdisciplinary approach and with the placement of an appropriate custom abutment.

Protocolo cirúrgico para reabilitação de dentes com fratura radicular visando a excelência estética / Achieving esthetic results through a surgical protocol for the rehabilitation of teeth with root fracture

A extração dentária resulta em alterações acentuadas no volume dos tecidos ósseos e gengivas. A reabsorção do osso alveolar inviabiliza a colocação tridimensional ideal do implante. Mesmo quando um implante é colocado imediatamente após a extração dentária, a tábua óssea vestibular pode ser reabsorvida, comprometendo a estética do tratamento reabilitador. Se essa reabsorção pudesse ser evitada ou minimizada após a extração do dente, resultados mais previsíveis poderiam ser alcançados. Para isso, o enxerto de osso autógeno, associado ou não a biomateriais, em alvéolos pós-extração, é procedimento amplamente discutido pela literatura científica, e mostra resultados seguros em relação à regeneração óssea. Este estudo demostra um protocolo cirúrgico que resultou em ótimo resultado estético

Tooth extraction results in marked changes in the volume of bone and gingival tissue. The resorption of alveolar bone prevents ideal three-dimensional implant placement. Even when an implant is placed immediately after tooth extraction, the buccal bone plate can be reabsorbed, resulting in esthetic compromise of the rehabilitation treatment. However, when this resorption can be avoided of minimized after tooth extraction, more predictable results are achieved. For this purpose, autogenous bone grafts, alone or combined with biomaterials used for post-extraction socket is broadly used and reported in the scientific literature since they show reliable results with regard to bone regeneration. The present study demonstrates a surgical protocol that resulted in excellent esthetic results

Otimização da estética na região anterior da maxila com utilização de implantes osseointegrados / Optimizing esthetics in anterior maxilla using osseointegrated implants

Resultados estéticos de excelência na região anterior da maxila, utilizando-se implantes osseointegrados, são dependentes da execução de um planejamento correto das muitas fases da reabilitação, tais como: preparo pré-cirúrgico, fase cirúrgica e protética e acompanhamento a longo prazo. A substituição de um único dente anterior é um desafio para os cirurgiões, devido às demandas estéticas dos pacientes e à dificuldade da anatomia preexistente da região. O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir alguns aspectos que influenciam o resultado estético final da reabilitação, com ênfase nos procedimentos regenerativos e posicionamento ideal do implante, por meio da apresentação de um relato de caso. Com o protocolo apresentado, ótimo resultado estético foi alcançado, juntamente com a satisfação imediata do paciente...

Achieving esthetic excellence in anterior maxilla using dental implants is dependent upon proper planning of every rehabilitation steps. These include the preoperative preparation, the surgical and prosthetic phases, and long-term follow-up. The replacement of a single anterior tooth is a challenge for surgeons due to the esthetic demands of the patients and the difficulty of pre-existing anatomy of the region. The aim of this paper was to present a case report, discussing some aspects that influence the final esthetic result of the rehabilitation, with emphasis on regenerative procedures and optimal placement of the implant. The suggested protocol provided excellent esthetic results, and immediate patient satisfaction...