Heterozygous UCHL1 loss-of-function variants cause a neurodegenerative disorder with spasticity, ataxia, neuropathy, and optic atrophy.

PURPOSE: Biallelic variants in UCHL1 have been associated with a progressive early-onset neurodegenerative disorder, autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia type 79. In this study, we investigated heterozygous UCHL1 variants on the basis of results from cohort-based burden analyses. METHODS: Gene-burden analyses were performed on exome and genome data of independent cohorts of patients with hereditary ataxia and spastic paraplegia from Germany and the United Kingdom in a total of 3169 patients and 33,141 controls. Clinical data of affected individuals and additional independent families were collected and evaluated. Patients' fibroblasts were used to perform mass spectrometry-based proteomics. RESULTS: UCHL1 was prioritized in both independent cohorts as a candidate gene for an autosomal dominant disorder. We identified a total of 34 cases from 18 unrelated families, carrying 13 heterozygous loss-of-function variants (15 families) and an inframe insertion (3 families). Affected individuals mainly presented with spasticity (24/31), ataxia (28/31), neuropathy (11/21), and optic atrophy (9/17). The mass spectrometry-based proteomics showed approximately 50% reduction of UCHL1 expression in patients' fibroblasts. CONCLUSION: Our bioinformatic analysis, in-depth clinical and genetic workup, and functional studies established haploinsufficiency of UCHL1 as a novel disease mechanism in spastic ataxia.

Clinical, Radiological, and Laboratory Features of Spinal Cord Involvement in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To identify radiological and laboratory hallmarks in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) presenting with spinal cord involvement. METHODS: Clinical and laboratory routine parameters were analyzed in a retrospective multicenter case series of four patients who developed myelitis associated with pSS. Serological and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) measurements of pSS associated anti-SSA(Ro)-antibodies were initiated, and CSF neurofilament light chain (NFL) levels were assessed. NFL values were compared with results from 15 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Radiological assessment was performed using multi-sequence spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: Three of the four patients initially developed neurological signs suggestive of myelitis and were subsequently diagnosed with pSS. All patients presented a longitudinal spinal T2-hyperintense lesion in the cervical spinal cord, whereas only two patients showed pleocytosis and oligoclonal bands in the CSF. Median (range) CSF-NFL levels were significantly elevated in patients compared to controls (6672 pg/mL (621-50000) vs. 585 pg/mL (357-729), p = 0.009). One patient showed sustained, highly increased NFL levels (50000 pg/mL) in the initial assessment when radiological signs of axonal injury were still absent. Anti-SSA(Ro)-antibodies were found in the serum of three patients, while two patients additionally presented intrathecal anti-SSA(Ro)-antibody production. Elevated CSF-NFL levels and intrathecal synthesis of anti-SSA(Ro)-antibodies were associated with a relapsing and treatment-resistant disease course. CONCLUSION: Inflammatory spinal cord lesions associated with pSS are a rare but serious disease leading to severe disability. NFL and anti-SSA(Ro)-antibodies in CSF might serve as prognostic biomarkers and should be routinely assessed in patients with pSS.

Neurocognitive functioning and health-related quality of life in adult medulloblastoma patients: long-term outcomes of the NOA-07 study.

BACKGROUND: Combined radiochemotherapy followed by maintenance chemotherapy with cisplatin, lomustine and vincristine within the NOA-07 study resulted in considerable short-term toxicity in adult medulloblastoma patients. Here we investigated the long-term impact of this treatment, focusing on neurocognitive functioning and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). METHODS: Neurocognitive functioning and HRQoL scores over time were determined, and differences between the post-treatment and follow-up assessments were calculated up to 18 months for neurocognition and 60 months for HRQoL. RESULTS: 28/30 patients were analyzed. The three preselected HRQoL scales (role, social and cognitive functioning) showed improved scores, to a clinically relevant extent (≥ 10 points), compared to post-treatment levels up to 30 months, but decreased afterwards. Z-scores for verbal working memory were worse during follow-up compared to post-treatment scores and remained impaired during 18 months follow-up (i.e. z-score below - 1 standard deviation). Attention was impaired post-treatment, and remained impaired to a clinically relevant extent during follow-up. Coordination/processing speed and lexical verbal fluency improved compared to post-treatment scores, and remained within the normal range thereafter. Other tests of verbal fluency were stable over time, with z-scores within the normal range. CONCLUSIONS: This long-term follow-up study showed that the NOA-07 treatment regimen was not associated with a deterioration in HRQoL in the post-treatment period. Verbal working memory deteriorated, while other neurocognitive domains did not seem to be impacted negatively by the treatment.

[Anesthesia and Multiple Sclerosis: What needs to be considered?]. / Anästhesie und Multiple Sklerose - Was gilt es zu beachten?

Patients with rare neurological diseases are always a challenge in routine clinical activity. In particular, anesthetic interventions can be fraught with many problems. This article deals with the current state of knowledge on multiple sclerosis in anesthesia. Here, the authors refer to the safe preparation for and implementation of various forms of anesthesia as well as the prevention and if necessary, treatment of possible complications.

Acute inflammatory neuropathy with monoclonal anti-GM2 IgM antibodies, IgM-κ paraprotein and additional autoimmune processes in association with a diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Lymphoproliferative disorders are often associated with autoimmune processes preceding or following the occurrence of a lymphoma. Here, we describe a patient with a history of recurrent diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who suffered from an acute inflammatory neuropathy with specific monoclonal anti-GM2 IgM antibodies and associated IgM-κ paraprotein. It was possible in this case to prove that both, anti-GM2 IgM antibodies and IgM-κ paraprotein, share the same binding characteristic. In addition, the patient possibly suffered from an immune thrombocytopenia and an early-stage bullous pemphigoid with anti-BP-230 IgG antibodies. Intravenous immunoglobulin and plasmapheresis alleviated the acute neuropathy and thrombocytopenia, while the bullous pemphigoid has been aggravated. In summary, the simultaneous occurrence of multiple autoimmune processes was a sign of a dysfunctional immune system preceding the relapse of a B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Immunocompetent young man with cerebral abscess and cortical venous infarction mimicking cerebritis caused by Gemella morbillorum.

Gemella morbillorum is an anaerobic gram-positive diplococcus and in most cases a harmless commensal, which occasionally causes infections in the central nervous system. We report on an immunocompetent young man with focal neurological symptoms and cephalgia caused by a cerebral abscess. Although successful treatment was done with neurosurgical intervention and antibiotic therapy, he suffered from a venous infarction 5 weeks after first diagnosis, which mimicked cerebritis as an early stage of relapsing abscess. Imaging and investigation of cerebrospinal fluid was necessary for sufficient differential diagnosis and antibiotic therapy could be stopped after altogether 8 weeks of treatment. In summary, G morbillorum causes not only biphasic infections, but also can be accompanied by infarction in the central nervous system despite sufficient antibiotic therapy.

Bilateral posterior RION after concomitant radiochemotherapy with temozolomide in a patient with glioblastoma multiforme: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Radiation induced optic neuropathy (RION) is a rare but severe consequence of radiation therapy that is associated with adjuvant chemotherapy, specifically therapy with vincristine or nitrosoureas. However, there is very little evidence regarding the occurrence of RION after concomitant radiochemotherapy with temozolomide. CASE PRESENTATION: The case of a 63 year old woman with glioblastoma multiforme and concomitant radiochemotherapy with temozolomide is described. Due to a slight depressive episode the patient also took hypericum perforatum. Five months after cessation of fractionated radiation and adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide (cumulative dose of 11040 mg) the patient developed bilateral amaurosis due to RION. Tumor regrowth was excluded by magnetic resonance imaging. After the application of gadolinium a pathognomonic contrast enhancement of both prechiasmatic optic nerves could be observed. CONCLUSIONS: In this patient, the occurrence of RION may have been the result of radiosensitization by temozolomide, which could have been strengthened by hypericin. Consequently, physicians should avoid a concomitant application of hypericum perforatum and radiochemotherapy.

Unusual presentations of patients with the mitochondrial MERRF mutation A8344G.

MERRF is typically characterized by myoclonus, generalized seizures and ragged-red fibers in muscular biopsy. We report a family (harbouring the A8344G mutation) with a late onset of the disease and an uncommon clinical manifestation, including episodes of reversible respiratory failure, the presence of ophthalmoplegia, and the absence of seizures and myoclonus in most subjects. We conducted histochemical, biochemical and molecular genetic studies. Mutation analysis revealed that the level of mutated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was above 80% in the skeletal muscle of all siblings. Nevertheless, one severely affected individual did neither present cytochrome c oxidase-negative fibers nor ragged-red fibers in the skeletal muscle biopsy. These data extend the phenotypic range associated with the MERRF syndrome. We suggest that the analysis of mtDNA could be of importance in many cases of unclear multisystem disorders in later life.

A case of influenza vaccination induced Guillain Barré syndrome with normal cerebrospinal fluid protein and improvement on treatment with corticosteroids.

We report a case of a 62-y-old male developing an influenza vaccination induced Guillain Barré syndrome (GBS) showing all clinical and neuropathological symptoms of GBS except the characteristic elevation of protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. The patient improved under treatment with 100 mg prednisolone. In these cases the administration of corticosteroids might be considered as a treatment option as they might represent a subgroup of GBS with a different immunological response pattern.

Neuropsychological sequelae of diffuse traumatic brain injury.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: Description and analysis of neuropsychological deficits following brain trauma with diffuse lesion probably corresponding to diffuse axonal injury (DAI). RESEARCH DESIGN: A series of 111 patients suffering from traumatic brain injury could be investigated neuropsychologically within the first 4 weeks after injury and re-assessed after 5-8 months. They included 11 subjects with CT-evidence of diffuse axonal injury, but no CT-signs of focal contusions. Eleven patients with focal frontal contusions but no CT signs of DAI were matched to and compared with the DAI subjects. Seventeen TBI patients with normal CT scans served as controls. RESULTS: When assessed within the first 4 weeks after TBI, both DAI and frontal contusion patients exhibited behavioural abnormalities and deficits in Wechsler Similarities. The DAI patients were also impaired in Digit Span backward and Stroop interference. When re-assessed, the DAI patients showed considerable deficits in the California Verbal Learning Test and in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. CONCLUSIONS: DAI leads to neuropsychological impairment dominated by executive and memory dysfunction.

The impact of aphasia on the patient and family in the first year poststroke.

This article reports a study that addressed coping strategies and possible related factors in 58 patients with aphasia and their relatives in the first year poststroke. Coping strategies, psychosocial changes, expectations of psychosocial adjustment, illness-related causal attributions, control beliefs, and activities of daily living were investigated in a longitudinal study. The data show that subjects with aphasia and their relatives experience significantly more severe professional and social changes than do subjects without aphasia and their families. Aphasia, however, seems to have no substantial effect on coping strategies, expectancies of adjustment, causal and control attributions, or activities of daily living as measured by the Barthel Index.