Heterogeneous Iron-Based Catalysts for Organic Transformation Reactions: A Brief Overview.

Iron (Fe) is considered to be one of the most significant elements due to its wide applications. Recent years have witnessed a burgeoning interest in Fe catalysis as a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to noble metal catalysis in organic synthesis. The abundance and low toxicity of Fe, coupled with its competitive reactivity and selectivity, underscore its appeal for sustainable synthesis. A lot of catalytic reactions have been performed using heterogeneous catalysts of Fe oxide hybridized with support systems like aluminosilicates, clays, carbonized materials, metal oxides or polymeric matrices. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in Fe-catalyzed organic transformation reactions. Highlighted areas include cross-coupling reactions, C-H activation, asymmetric catalysis, and cascade processes, showcasing the versatility of Fe across a spectrum of synthetic methodologies. Emphasis is placed on mechanistic insights, elucidating the underlying principles governing iron-catalyzed reactions. Challenges and opportunities in the field are discussed, providing a roadmap for future research endeavors. Overall, this review illuminates the transformative potential of Fe catalysis in driving innovation and sustainability in organic chemistry, with implications for drug discovery, materials science, and beyond.

Unprecedented iron-assisted room temperature synthesis of AgCN using acetonitrile.

A straightforward and convenient approach for producing AgCN at room temperature using acetonitrile as a source has been developed, employing various iron salts. To date, there have been no prior studies documenting the synthesis of AgCN by cleaving the C-CN bond in acetonitrile with the use of iron salts. The resulting highly crystalline material was subjected to characterization through XRD and FT-IR analysis. Additionally, the same process was used for C-CN bond breaking using Ag2S or via the formation of an AgSxOy composite. Consequently, this report is primarily dedicated to exploring the efficacy of different iron salts in breaking the C-CN bond in CH3CN. A theoretical investigation of the proposed experimental scheme has also been performed to confer the feasibility of the reaction.

An Integrative Approach to Study the Inhibition of Providencia vermicola FabD Using C2-Quaternary Indolinones.

Background: The present study investigates the potential bioactivity of twelve experimentally designed C-2 quaternary indolinones against Providencia spp., a bacterial group of the Enterobacteriaceae family known to cause urinary tract infections. The study aims to provide insights into the bioactive properties of the investigated compounds and their potential use in developing novel treatments against Providencia spp. The experimental design of indolinones, combined with their unique chemical structure, makes them attractive candidates for further investigation. The results of this research may contribute to the development of novel therapeutic agents to combat Providencia spp. infections. Methods: The synthesized indolinones (moL1-moL12) are evaluated to identify any superior activity, particularly focusing on moL12, which possesses aza functionality. The antimicrobial activities of all twelve compounds are tested in triplicates against six different Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms, including P. vermicola (P<0.05). Computational methods have been employed to assess the pharmacokinetic properties of the compounds. Results: Among the synthesized indolinones, moL12 exhibits superior activity compared to the other compounds with similar skeleton but different functional moieties. All six strains tested, including P. vermicola, demonstrated sensitivity to moL12. Computational studies support the pharmacokinetic properties of moL12, indicating acceptable absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity characteristics. Conclusion: Utilizing the PPI approach, we have identified a promising target, FabD, in Gram-negative bacteria. Our analysis has shown that moL12 exhibits significant potential in binding with FabD, thereby, might inhibit cell wall formation, and display superior antimicrobial activity compared to other compounds. Consequently, moL12 may be a potential therapeutic agent that could be used to combat urinary tract infections caused by Providencia spp. The findings of this research hold significant promise for the development of new and effective treatments for bacterial infections.

Chirally modified cobalt-vanadate grafted on battery waste derived layered reduced graphene oxide for enantioselective photooxidation of 2-naphthol: Asymmetric induction through non-covalent interaction.

The cobalt oxide-vanadium oxide (Co3O4-V2O5) combined with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) having band gap of âˆ¼ 3.3 eV appeared as a suitable photocatalyst for selective oxidation of 2-naphthol to BINOL. C2-symmetric BINOL was achieved with good yield using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant under UV-light irradiation. The same catalyst was chirally modified with cinchonidine and a newly synthesized chiral Schiff base ligand having a sigma-hole center. The strong interaction of the chiral modifiers with the cobalt-vanadium oxide was truly evident from various spectroscopic studies and DFT calculations. The chirally modified mixed metal oxide transformed the oxidative CC coupling reaction with high enantioselectivity. High enantiomeric excess upto 92 % of R-BINOL was obtained in acetonitrile solvent and hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant. A significant achievement was the formation of S-BINOL in the case of the cinchonidine modified catalyst and R-BINOL with the Schiff base ligand anchored chiral catalyst. The UV-light induced catalytic reaction was found to involve hydroxyl radical as the active reactive species. The spin trapping ESR and fluorescence experiment provided relevant evidence for the formation of such species through photodecomposition of hydrogen peroxide on the catalyst surface. The chiral induction to the resultant product was found to induce through supramolecular interaction like OH…π, H…Br interaction. The presence of sigma hole center was believed to play significant role in naphtholate ion recognition during the catalytic cycle.

Pd-NiO-Y/CNT nanofoam: a zeolite-carbon nanotube conjugate exhibiting high durability in methanol oxidation.

A Pd-NiO-based catalyst hybridized with zeolite-Y and multiwalled carbon nanotubes has been found to show a remarkable mass activity in the electrochemical oxidation of methanol with long term durability up to 80 000 s.

Direct cyanidation of silver sulfide by heterolytic C-CN bond cleavage of acetonitrile.

Extraction of silver as silver cyanide from silver sulfide was made possible using acetonitrile as the source of cyanide. The process of cyanidation took place through the oxidation of sulfide to sulfur oxides and cleavage of the C-CN bond of acetonitrile. The reaction was found to be catalyzed by vanadium pentoxide and hydrogen peroxide. The different species involved in the cyanidation process were duly characterized using FTIR, ESI-MS, HRMS, XPS and UV-vis spectroscopic analysis. The mechanism of the cyanidation process was confirmed through in situ FTIR analysis.