RESUMEN
This investigation examined the role of the right hemisphere in language expression. Three groups of 12 subjects each--right CVAs, left CVAs, and controls--performed convergent and divergent language tasks of naming, function, and connected speech. For all convergent tasks and for number of words, number of message units, and fluency in divergent connected speech, controls surpassed both brain-damaged groups, who performed similarly. For the other divergent tasks, controls were superior to the brain-damaged groups, but the right CVAs outperformed the left CVAs. In general, verbal expression problems of right-hemisphere-damaged patients were almost as severe as those of left-hemisphere-damaged patients.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/psicología , Dominancia Cerebral/fisiología , Conducta Verbal/fisiología , Adulto , Anciano , Corteza Cerebral/patología , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/patología , Humanos , Pruebas del Lenguaje , Persona de Mediana Edad , PsicolingüísticaRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptual confusions individuals experience while listening to the speech of laryngectomized persons who used electrolarynges. Six talkers generated speech samples using two different models of electrolarynges. Intelligibility was evaluated from phonetic transcriptions of the speech samples. Confusion matrices were generated from the transcriptions. Talkers varied considerably in their intelligibility, but there was little difference in intelligibility for a given talker using either model of electrolarynx. The perceptual confusions revealed that most errors occurred on the voicing feature.
Asunto(s)
Laringectomía , Laringe Artificial , Medición de la Producción del Habla , Voz Alaríngea , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fonación , Fonética , Inteligibilidad del Habla , Calidad de la VozRESUMEN
A case study is reported of an aphasic patient with fluent speech and markedly superior comprehension of written vs. spoken words. Results of extensive testing supported the hypothesis that the patient suffers from a phonological processing deficit that affects performance in all tasks that require the generation of a phonological code. This selective deficit is interpreted as the underlying cause of diverse symptoms such as asyntactic comprehension of written sentences, the commission of spelling errors in writing, and the production of literal paraphasias and neologisms in spontaneous speech. Alternative possibilities for the classification of this patient are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Afasia/diagnóstico , Trastornos de la Percepción Auditiva/diagnóstico , Trastornos de la Percepción/diagnóstico , Percepción del Habla , Adulto , Anomia/diagnóstico , Afasia de Wernicke/diagnóstico , Infarto Cerebral/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Recuerdo Mental , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Reconocimiento Visual de Modelos , Fonética , Lectura , Semántica , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XAsunto(s)
Afasia de Wernicke/diagnóstico , Afasia/diagnóstico , Percepción del Habla , Medición de la Producción del Habla , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/complicaciones , Humanos , Conducta Imitativa , Masculino , Recuerdo Mental , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Fonética , Lectura , Conducta VerbalRESUMEN
Four aphasic patients were tested in several tasks to determine their ability to use syntactic information. Two patients classified as Broca's aphasics and presenting markedly different levels of severity of aphasia were deficient in their ability to use syntactic information in sentence comprehension and construction. It is argued that the syndrome of Broca's aphasia undermines patients' ability to perform the syntactic analyses that are necessary to understand and to produce sentences in both language modalities. A third patient was a conduction aphasic who presented a pattern of sentence comprehension similar to the Broca patient, but produced no other evidence of syntactic impairment. The argument is advanced that the conduction patient's apparently selective impairment of syntactic processing in comprehension is actually a reflection of a severe auditory-verbal short-term memory deficit. The fourth patient was classified as a mildly-impaired Wernicke's aphasic, who presented no evidence of a selective disturbance of syntactic processing abilities. These results are interpreted as support for the hypothesis that the syndrome of Broca's aphasia results from an impairment to the syntactic component of the language processing system.