Effectiveness of phytotherapeutics in the prevention and treatment of 5-fluorouracil-induced oral mucositis in animal models: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: This systematic review evaluated the effect of phytotherapeutics in the treatment and prevention of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced oral mucositis (OM) in animal models. DESIGN: A search was performed in PubMed/Medline, CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library), EMBASE, and Web of Science, including studies published up to January 2020. Only articles investigating the chemoinduction of OM by 5-FU in animal models were included. Eligibility was evaluated and data were extracted from the eligible studies following the predefined PICO questions. The Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. RESULT: A total of 503 articles were retrieved and 13 were included. The hamster was the animal model used in all included studies. The treatment method ranged from the topical application of ointment (n = 3), gel (n = 5) and extract (n = 3) to the oral ingestion of the phytotherapeutics (n = 3). Chamomilla recutita L. (n = 3) and Pistacia atlantica (n = 3) were the most used therapeutic agents. Although all studies were classified as high risk of bias, all of them reported promising results regarding the use of phytotherapeutics in the management of OM, including lower clinical and histopathological scores as well as healing, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. CONCLUSION: Despite the high risk of bias of the studies, phytotherapy is a promising alternative for the treatment of 5-FU-induced OM, showing interesting results in terms of tissue healing and anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity.

Immunoexpression of calcitonin and glucocorticoid receptors in central giant cell lesions of the jaws.

BACKGROUND: This study analyzed the immunoexpression of calcitonin receptor (CTR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in central giant cell lesions (CGCLs) and verified potential associations with patient's response to clinical treatment with intralesional injection of triamcinolone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-four cases of CGCLs, including 22 non-aggressive, and 32 aggressive, were investigated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Surgery was the therapeutic choice for 53.1% of the aggressive CGCLs, and 46.9% were submitted to the conservative treatment with intralesional triamcinolone injections. Among patients submitted to conservative treatment, 60% (n = 9) showed favorable response. CTR expression was observed in 68.51%, and GR in 94.44% of the total sample. There were no differences in the expression of CTR, neither GR in mononucleated stromal cells (MSCs) or multinucleated giant cells (MGCs), in relation to aggressiveness, treatment performed for and the response to conservative treatment. Both markers showed a positive correlation between their expression in MSCs and MGCs in the total sample (P < 0.0001). CTR expression on MSCs showed a positive correlation with MGCs in the aggressive and non-aggressive groups (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Calcitonin receptor and GR expression were diffuse and similar in non-aggressive and aggressive cases, and it did not influence the response to clinical treatment with triamcinolone in the sample studied.