[Comparative experimental morphological study of the impact of various drainages for cyclodialysis to the adjacent tissues].

The investigation was made on 8 eyes (4 rabbits) undergone cyclodialysis with the hydrogen or collagenic drainage being introduced into the supraciliary cleft. Comparative pathohistological study indicated the evident advantages of a hydrogel implant ensuring the drainage function of the formed cyclodialysis cleft throughout the experiment (5 weeks). By contrast, subject to resolution, the collagenic drainage spurred the early development of young connective tissue in the cyclodialysis cleft just on day 14 after implantation. Complete atresia of the cyclodialysis cleft and cessation of its drainage function might be suggested by week 3. Moreover, hydrogel material has, in our opinion, a less noticeable irritating effect on the adjacent tissues and causes minimum inflammatory and fibroplastic reactions.

[Results of modified one-stage operation for cataract and glaucoma].

The paper analyzed the immediate and late results (the state of intraocular pressure and visual functions) of combined surgery for cataract and glaucoma, by using the developed instrument. Eighteen patients (19 eyes) aged 54 to 92 years who had open-angle glaucoma or phacotopic glaucoma (dislocation of the lens to the vitreous body) and cataract underwent combined surgery involving extraction of cataract, its phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation through the scleral tunnel, and sinus trabeculectomy (STE) performed with a perforator, the instrument developed by the authors. The findings confirm the efficiency of the combined surgery (STE) with cataract extraction through variously extended scleral tunnels in patients with open-angle glaucoma, normalizing intraocular pressure and improving visual functions by one-stage surgery. Combined surgery for cataract extraction with IOL implantation through the scleral tunnel and STE, which is performed with the instrument proposed by the authors, has been put into practice.

[Intestinal endotoxin in the pathogenesis of ocular inflammatory diseases and the antiendoxin constituent of its treatment].

Blood was studied in 119 patients with ocular inflammatory lesions: endophthalmitis (n = 10), iridocyclitis of viral (n = 47) and unknown (n = 62) genesis, by using the procedures developed by the authors to determine the integral values of the concentration of endotoxin in systemic blood flow and the activity of antiendotoxin immunity. Intestinal endotoxin aggression was found to be involved in the pathogenesis of ocular inflammatory diseases. The use of drugs and procedures, which could diminish the entry of intestinal endotoxin into the blood stream and intensify the processes of its binding and release from systemic blood circulation, substantially enhanced the efficiency of a therapeutic process.

[On a classification of changes in the eye fundus as observed in diabetes mellitus]. / O klassifikatsii izmenenii glaznogo dna pri sakharnom diabete.

A classification of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic maculopathy as well as treatment schemes for each stage, which were worked out by the authors, are described in the paper. A stage free of any diabetic changes in the eye fundus is isolated, within the suggested classification, as well as the notion of a high-risk diabetic retinopathy is defined with more precision and in accordance with the modern understanding of importance of the vitreous-retinal interaction and of compensation of carbohydrate metabolism in the disease pathogenesis. Finally, an original classification of diabetic macular edema was introduced.

[Submuscular decompression multisclerectomy - new operation for neovascular glaucoma]. / Submusculiarnaia dekompressionnaia mul'tiskleréktomiia - novaia operatsiia pri neovaskuliarnoi glaukome.

A new intervention for neovascular glaucoma is suggested: submuscular decompression multisclerectomy with collagen implant impregnated with 5-fluorouracyl. Immediate and remote (up to 2.5 years) results in 29 patients were analyzed. Intraoperative complications were observed in 24.1% cases: vitreous prolapse in 13.8% and hyphema in 10.3%. Ophthalmic tone compensation was attained in 96% cases in the early postoperative period and in 63% in remote period. Painful syndrome was arrested in 96 and 65% cases, respectively. The hypotensive effect of the operation is due to an increase in the volume of the eyeball and enhancement of uveoscleral discharge.

[Complex method for examining children with false myopia]. / Kompleksnyi metod obsledovaniia detei s lozhnoi blizorukost'iu.

The authors propose a complex method for examining children with false myopia. The complex includes routine methods for detecting and evaluating the stability of spasm, measurement of the relative accommodation reserve, ophthalmic tone, and anteroposterior axis of the eye. The method allows differentiation between false and true myopia, evaluates its degree, and helps prescribe etiopathogenetic treatment for ruling out the transfer of false myopia into true (axial).

[Combined method for treating false myopia and preventing axial myopia]. / Kombinirovannyi metod lecheniia lozhnoi blizorukosti i profilaktika razvitiia osevoi miopii.

None of the numerous methods for optic and drug treatment of the accommodation cramp effectively arrests it without long tiresome training or atropine, which limits visual working capacity for a long time and therefore, precludes starting the treatment on an outpatient basis immediately. Use of an available, simple, and effective combined method for treating the accommodation cramp helped prevent true myopia in 94.3% of young children in the main group, whereas 38.3% children in the control group developed myopia.

[Use of low-frequency ultrasound in preoperative care of the conjunctival cavity]. / Primenenie nizkochastotnogo ul'trazvuka v predoperatsionnoi podgotovke kon"iunktival'noi polosti.

Experimental and clinical studies of the efficacy of preoperative treatment of the conjunctival cavity with low-frequency ultrasound were carried out. Ultrasound parameters employed were as follows: 20-70 kHz frequency, 25-35 microns oscillation amplitude, length of exposure 60-120 sec. Such treatment was found to reduce bacterial contamination of the conjunctival cavity. Clinical studies were carried out on 20 eyes of 14 patients operated on for cataracts and glaucomas at the department for ocular diseases of the Moscow municipal clinical hospital No. 15. Low-frequency ultrasound treatment of the conjunctival cavity was carried out before surgery in all these patients. In the reference patients (n = 15, 15 eyes) the conjunctival cavity was washed with 1:5000 furacilin solution and 30% sodium sulfacil solution or kanamycin solution (10,000 U in 1 ml) on the operation table. The bacterial contamination of the conjunctival cavity prior to surgery in 24 eyes has made up 84.1 bacterial colonies per Petri dish on an average. Preoperative treatment of the conjunctival cavity with low-frequency ultrasound has reduced the bacterial contamination to 6.3 colonies per Petri dish, i.e. by 13.3 times.

[Use of fresh amnion in the treatment of corneal diseases]. / Primenenie svezhego amniona v lechenii zabolevanii rogovitsy.

The effects of fresh amnion on the course of morbid processes in corneal ulcers and burn disease of the anterior segment of the eye were investigated. The cornea was coated with amnion in 15 eyes with deep bacterial ulcers, in 10 eyes with herpetic ulcers of the cornea, and in 8 eyes with second and third-degree corneal and conjunctival burns. The amnion was obtained in cesarean section and fixed to the limbal conjunctiva with an uninterrupted suture all around. The next day after surgery the pain syndrome reduced, as did photophobia and blepharospasm in all the patients. In the group of patients with bacterial ulcers the cornea epithelialized on days 5-11, in those with herpetic ulcers on days 10-15, and in those with burns on days 8-12 after amnion coating. No cases with suppuration of the burnt surface when coated with the amnion were recorded. The amnion slid off the cornea on days 7-10 after it was layered on.

[Extracellular glycoproteins of the ocular trabecular zone in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma]. / Ekstrakletochnye glikoproteiny trabekuliarnoi zony glaz bol'nykh pervichnoi otkrytougol'noi glaukomoi.

The content of fibronectin, an extracellular glycoprotein, in the drainage out-flow system of human eyes was measured by the indirect immunoperoxidase staining technique. The degree of fibronectin accumulation in ocular tissues was evaluated by quantitative morphometric analysis. Fibronectin level in the ocular drainage system of humans grows with ageing and rapidly increases at different stages of primary open-angle glaucoma development. Increased deposit of fibronectin in trabecular tissue, mainly in the inner wall of Schlemm's canal and juxtacanalicular or cribriform part of trabecular meshwork, was demonstrated. A hypothesis explaining the development of the glaucomatous process by an adhesive impairment is proposed.

[Age-related changes in fibronectin of the eye outflow drainage system]. / Vozrastnaia dinamika fibronektina drenazhnogo apparata glaza.

The content of the fibronectin, an extracellular glycoprotein in the drainage outflow system of human eyes was determined by the indirect immunoperoxidase staining technique. The degree of fibronectin accumulation in ocular tissues was evaluated by quantitative morphometric analysis. It was shown that the fibronectin level was elevated in ageing. Increased deposit of fibronectin in trabecular tissues, mainly, in the inner wall of Schlemm's canal and juxta-canalicular zone was demonstrated along with ageing. Comparison of fibronectin accumulation in glaucoma and ageing support the idea that ageing is a risk factor of glaucoma.

[Experience in the surgical treatment of neovascular diabetic glaucoma]. / Opyt khirurgicheskogo lecheniia neovaskuliarnoi diabeticheskom glaukomy.

A new operation for neovascular glaucoma, filtrating vitrectomy, is described. The operation is based on creation of a permanent microfistula in the posterior chamber of the eye and simultaneous replacement of the viscous vitreous body with the isotonic saline. Filtrating vitrectomy was performed in 46 eyes with neovascular diabetic glaucoma. The intraocular pressure was normalized completely without medication in 70 per cent cases in the early postoperative period and in 66 per cent cases in the long term (12-39 months) period.