Electrostatic design and conditioning of a triple point junction shield for a -200 kV DC high voltage photogun.

Nuclear physics experiments performed at the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at the Jefferson Lab require a DC high voltage photogun to generate polarized electron beams from GaAs photocathodes. The photogun uses a tapered ceramic insulator that extends into the vacuum chamber and mechanically holds the cathode electrode. Increasing the operating voltage from nominal -130 kV to -200 kV will provide lower beam emittance, better transmission through injector apertures, and improved photocathode lifetime. This desire to increase the photogun operating voltage led to the design of a triple-point-junction shield electrode which minimizes the electric field at the delicate insulator-metal-vacuum interface and linearizes the potential across the insulator, thus reducing the risk of arcing along the ceramic insulator. This work describes the results obtained using COMSOL® electrostatic-field simulation software and presents the high voltage conditioning results of the upgraded -200 kV CEBAF photogun.

Parasitic engineering for RRAM control.

The inevitable current overshoot which follows forming in filamentary RRAM devices is often perceived as a source of variability that should be minimized. This sentiment has led to efforts to curtail the overshoot by decreasing the parasitic capacitance using highly integrated 1T-1R or 1R-1R device structures. While this is readily achievable in single device test structures, it poses an intricate design constraint for memory array designs. Several papers (Degraeve et al., 2010, 2014; Fantini et al., 2013; Raghavan et al., 2013; Padovani et al., 2015) suggest that there is insufficient current to form stable filaments for small parasitic capacitances and/or low current compliance levels. Thus, the relationship between minimizing overshoot current and improved filament stability is tenuous. In this study, we utilize the forming energy-based understanding of filamentary forming to reveal that the parasitic capacitance should be optimized, rather than minimized for better filament control.

[Austrian interdisciplinary recommendations on pediatric perioperative pain management: background, aims, methods and key messages]. / Österreichische interdisziplinäre Handlungsempfehlungen zum perioperativen Schmerzmanagement bei Kindern : Hintergrund, Ziel, Methodik und Kernaussagen.

These recommendations were originally commissioned by the"Österreichische Gesellschaft für Anästhesiologie, Reanimation und Intensivmedizin" (ÖGARI, Austrian Society for Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care Medicine). Against this background, Austrian experts from the disciplines anesthesiology, pain management, pediatrics and the "Berufsverband Kinderkrankenpflege" (Professional Association of Pediatric Nursing) have with legal support developed evidence-based and consensus recommendations for the clinical practice. The recommendations include key messages which cover the most important recommendations for the individual topics. The complete recommendations on pediatric perioperative pain management consist of seven separate articles which each deal with special sub-topics with comments on and explanations of the key messages. The target groups of the recommendations are all medical personnel of the individual disciplines involved in the treatment of perioperative and posttraumatic pain for neonates, infants and children up to 18 years old.

River basin management, described for the example of the Emschergenossenschaft.

Considerable problems concerning drainage capacity made it necessary, at the beginning of the 20th Century, to make a joint public-private effort, because the existence of the Ruhr Area as an industrial location was endangered. By Prussian law a co-operative was established for wastewater and drainage-management of the entire Emscher river system. In the past the Emscher Association and the later founded Lippe Association have proved to be the best instrument to cope with the wastewater problems of a densely-populated industrial area. In recent time, the Emscher area is undergoing fundamental structural changes. To increase its attractiveness increased efforts are needed for a modernisation of the wastewater transport and treatment system. To deal with the various and complex tasks to reshape the Emscher system, the joint association again provides a highly efficient and competent instrument.

[Recurrent pancreatitis in pediatric ulcerative colitis--a case report]. / Rezidivierende Pankreatitis bei kindlicher Colitis Ulcerosa--ein Fallbericht.

We report on a 12 years old girl with ulcerative colitis, who after a two years course of her disease developed a concomitant idiopathic pancreatitis. We discuss the causes of acute pancreatitis in childhood in view of the presented case summarizing the current literature. In the literature we found only two other children with ulcerative colitis and idiopathic pancreatitis. Both patients were colectomised as our patient did. Six months after colectomy she is still free of symptoms.

The relation of amyloidosis to social stress induced by crowding in the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus).

The aim of the presented study was the investigation of a probable influence of social stress on spontaneous amyloidosis. As stress-inducing parameter crowding of the animals was used. 220 Syrian hamsters were kept individually (controls) or with 3, 5, 7 animals per cage. The crowded animals showed a significant decrease in mean survival time. This was linked to a histopathological examined significant increase in the extent and incidence of amyloidosis in several organs of both male and female hamsters. The kidneys and adrenals were most affected. Chronic inflammation as one probable amyloidosis-inducing factor, was not related to the observed morphological alterations. Furthermore the increase of amyloidosis was statistically not connected with an age-dependent development of amyloidosis. Amyloidosis in Syrian hamsters may be not a mere phenomenon of aging and age-related decline of the immune system but rather the results of a complex set of variables, including factors of social environment and social interactions that continuously put stress on the hamsters.