Vacunaciones adultos inmunocompetentes que padecen enfermedades crónicas: Cardiovasculopatías, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, diabetes, hepatopatía crónica / No disponible

No disponible

Vacunaciones en pcientes con inmunodeficiencias graves / No disponible

No disponible

Vacunación en pacientes con trasplante de órganos sólidos / No disponible

No disponible

Vacunaciones para adultos trasplantados de progenitores hemapoyéticos / No disponible

No disponible

Vacunaciones para adultos con insuficiencia renal cróncia y en programas de hemodiálisis / No disponible

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Vacunaciones para adultos asplénicos / No disponible

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Calendario de vacunaciones sistemáticas del adolescente y adulto recomendado por la sociedad española de medicina preventiva, salud Pública e higiene (actualización del año 2014) / No disponible

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Vacunación en la mujer en edad fértil y embarazada / No disponible

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Prevención de la enfermedad meningocócica por el serogrupo B mediante una vacuna de cuatro componentes / Prevention of serogroup B meningococcal disease using a four-component vaccine

Introducción: la enfermedad meningocócica es una infección grave causada por Neisseria meningitidis, cuyo serogrupo predominante actualmente es el B, para el que ha sido complejo crear vacunas efectivas y, por tanto, difícil modificar o reducir su morbimortalidad. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido revisar los datos existentes sobre la nueva vacuna 4 CMenB y sus posibles aportaciones en la prevención de esta infección. Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda de autor dirigida por 12 especialistas relacionados con la Pediatría, Vacunología y Salud Pública, que priorizó 74 publicaciones, para preparar un documento de revisión sobre la vacuna. El documento se trabajó en una reunión presencial y se validó posteriormente mediante correo electrónico. Resultados: la vacuna 4 CMenB, basada en cuatro componentes (NadA, fHbp, NHBA y OMVnz), se ha diseñado mediante Vacunología inversa. El Meningococcal Antigen Typing System muestra una potencial cobertura del 70-80% de las cepas circulantes en Europa. Los ensayos clínicos demuestran que la vacuna es inmunógena y segura en lactantes, niños, adolescentes y adultos, e induce memoria inmunológica. La incidencia de fiebre es similar a la de las vacunas sistémicas si se administra sola, pero resulta mayor cuando se coadministra con ellas, aunque el patrón de fiebre es predecible y autolimitado. Es compatible con la mayoría de las vacunas incluidas en el calendario sistemático español, pudiendo administrarse simultáneamente con las vacunas hexavalente y pentavalente actualmente disponibles, así como con la vacuna antineumocócica conjugada heptavalente. Aún no hay datos disponibles respecto al uso concomitante con la vacuna antimeningocócica C y las vacunas antineumocócicas de amplio espectro. Conclusiones: la vacuna 4 CMenB, por el momento, es la única estrategia disponible para prevenir la enfermedad meningocócica por el serogrupo B (AU)

Introduction: meningococcal disease is an infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis, and those of serogroup B are currently the most predominant. It has been difficult to create effective vaccines for this serogroup in order to modify or reduce its morbidity. The aim of this study was to review existing data on the new vaccine 4 CMenB and its potential contribution to the prevention of this infection. Methods: a panel of 12 experts (from Pediatrics, Public Health and Vaccinology background) conducted a literature search and prioritized 74 publications. A review of the vaccine was then prepared, it was discussed in a meeting and subsequently validated by e-mail. Results: 4 CMenB vaccine, based on four components (NadA, fHbp, NHBA and OMVnz), was designed by reverse Vaccinology. The Meningococcal Antigen Typing System shows a potential of 70-80% coverage of the strains in Europe. Clinical trials show that the vaccine is safe and immunogenic in infants, children, adolescents, and adults, and induces an anamnestic response. The incidence of fever is similar to systemic vaccines administered alone, but higher when coadministered with them, although the fever pattern is predictable and self-limited. It is compatible with the Spanish routine vaccines, and can be administered simultaneously with the currently available hexavalent and pentavalent vaccines, as well as the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Conclusions: the 4 CMenB vaccine is the only currently available strategy to prevent meningococcal disease caused by serogroup B

Prevención de la enfermedad meningocócica por el serogrupo B mediante una vacuna de 4 componentes / Prevention of serogroup B meningococcal disease using a four-component vaccine

INTRODUCCIÓN: La enfermedad meningocócica es una infección grave causada por Neisseria meningitidis, cuyo serogrupo predominante actualmente es el B, para el que ha sido complejo crear vacunas efectivas y, por tanto, difícil modificar o reducir su morbimortalidad. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido revisar los datos existentes sobre la nueva vacuna 4 CMenB y sus posibles aportaciones en la prevención de esta infección. MÉTODOS: Se realizó una búsqueda de autor dirigida por 12 especialistas relacionados con la pediatría, vacunología y salud pública, que priorizó 74 publicaciones, para preparar un documento de revisión sobre la vacuna. El documento se trabajó en una reunión presencial y validó posteriormente mediante correo electrónico. RESULTADOS: La vacuna 4 CMenB, basada en 4 componentes (NadA, fHbp, NHBA y OMVnz), se ha diseñado mediante vacunología inversa. El Meningococcal Antigen Typing System (MATS) muestra una potencial cobertura del 70-80% de las cepas circulantes en Europa. Los ensayos clínicos demuestran que la vacuna es inmunógena y segura en lactantes, niños, adolescentes y adultos, e induce memoria inmunológica. La incidencia de fiebre es similar a las de vacunas sistémicas administrada sola, pero mayor cuando se coadministra con ellas, aunque el patrón de fiebre es predecible y autolimitado. Es compatible con las demás vacunas incluidas en el calendario sistemático español, pudiendo administrarse simultáneamente con las vacunas hexavalente y pentavalentes actualmente disponibles, así como con la vacuna antineumocócica conjugada heptavalente. CONCLUSIONES: La vacuna 4 CMenB, por el momento, es la única estrategia disponible para prevenir la enfermedad meningocócica por el serogrupo B

INTRODUCTION: Meningococcal disease is an infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis, and those of serogroup B are currently the most predominant. It has been difficult to create effective vaccines for this serogroup in order to modify or reduce its morbidity. The aim of this study was to review existing data on the new vaccine 4 CMenB and its potential contribution to the prevention of this infection. METHODS: A panel of 12 experts (from Pediatrics, Public Health and Vaccinology) conducted a literature search and prioritized 74 publications. A review of the vaccine was then prepared, which was discussed in a meeting and subsequently validated by e-mail. RESULTS: 4 CMenB vaccine, based on four components (NadA, fHbp, NHBA and OMVnz), was designed by reverse vaccinology. The Meningococcal Antigen Typing System (MATS) shows a potential of 70-80% coverage of the strains in Europe. Clinical trials show that the vaccine is safe and immunogenic in infants, children, adolescents, and adults, and induces an anamnestic response. The incidence of fever is similar to systemic vaccines administered alone, but higher when co-administered with them, although the fever pattern is predictable and self-limited. It is compatible with the Spanish routine vaccines, and can be administered simultaneously with the currently available hexavalent and pentavalent vaccines, as well as the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. CONCLUSIONS: The 4 CMenB vaccine is the only strategy currently available to prevent meningococcal disease caused by serogroup B

Fe de errores de «Prevención de la enfermedad meningocócica por el serogrupo B mediante una vacuna de 4 componentes» / Erratun of "Prevention of serogroup B meningococcal disease using a four-component vaccine"

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Community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompromised older patients: incidence, causative organisms and outcome.

The number of elderly patients in the community with immunosuppressive conditions has increased progressively over recent decades. We sought to determine the incidence, causative organisms and outcome of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) occurring in immunocompromised older patients. We prospectively compared cases of CAP in immunocompromised and non-immunocompromised patients admitted to five public hospitals in three Spanish regions. Of 320 cases studied, 115 (36%) occurred in immunocompromised patients, including: solid or hematological malignancy (97), corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive drugs (44), solid organ or stem cell transplant (five), and other conditions (eight). The etiology was established in 44% of immunocompromised patients vs. 32% of non-immunocompromised patients (p 0.03). Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common causative organism in both groups (29% vs. 21%; p 0.08), followed by Legionella pneumophila (3% vs. 6%; p 0.01). Gram-negative bacilli were more frequent among immunocompromised patients (5% vs. 0.5%; p <0.01), particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3% vs. 0%; p 0.04). Nocardiosis was only observed in immunocompromised patients (two cases). Bacteremia occurred similarly in the two groups. No significant differences were found with respect to ICU admission (8%, in both groups) or the length of stay (12.5 vs. 10.4 days). The early (<48 h) (3.5 vs. 0.5%; p 0.04) and overall case-fatality rates (12% vs. 3%; p <0.01) were higher in immunocompromised patients. In conclusion, a substantial number of older patients hospitalized for CAP are immunocompromised. Although relatively uncommon, CAP due to gram-negative bacilli, including P. aeruginosa, is more frequent among these patients. CAP occurring in immunocompromised patients causes significant morbidity and mortality.

Consenso sobre la vacunación frente a la gripe en el personal sanitario / No disponible

El personal sanitario se encuentra incluido cada año entre los grupos de riesgo con indicación para vacunarse frente a la gripe. No obstante, las coberturas vacunales entre el personal sanitario en nuestro país son muy bajas, no superando el 25%. Convencidos de que una de las mejores herramientas para aumentar estas coberturas entre los profesionales de nuestro país son las evidencias científicas, 19 Sociedades Científicas y Asociaciones Profesionales que agrupan a los profesionales sanitarios más directamente relacionados con la gripe como problema de salud, así como el Consejo General de Enfermería, se han reunidopara debatir y elaborar este documento de consenso con el objetivo de concienciar al personal sanitario sobre la conveniencia de su vacunación frente a la gripe y de los beneficios que de ella se derivan para sí mismos, para sus pacientes y para el resto de la población. Esta recomendación está basada en 3 pilares básicos: argumento de necesidad, de ética y de ejemplaridad

Health care workers (HCW) are included each year among risk groups for vaccination against influenza. However, vaccination coverage among this group in our country is very low, not exceeding 25%. Convinced that one of the best tolos to increase this coverage among professionals in our country are the scientific evidence, 19 scientific societies and associations professionals bringing together health professionals more directly related to influenza as an health problem, and the General Nursing Council, met to discuss and develop this consensus document in order to inform HCW about the appropriateness of their vaccination against influenza and the benefits that flow from it for themselves, for their patients and for the rest of the population. This recommendation is based on 3 pillars: argument of necessity, ethics and exemplary

Effectiveness of the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in preventing pneumonia in the elderly.

The objective of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) in preventing hospital admission for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in people ≥65 yrs of age. We conducted a matched case-control study in patients with CAP admitted to five Spanish hospitals. Cases were persons aged ≥65 yrs admitted to hospital through the emergency department, who presented a clinical and radiological pattern compatible with pneumonia, assessed using established criteria. We matched each case with three control subjects by sex, age (±5 yrs), date of hospitalisation (±30 days) and underlying disease. The study period was May 1, 2005 to January 31, 2007. The PPV immunisation status of cases and controls was investigated. Adjusted ORs for vaccination were calculated using logistic regression analysis. A total of 489 cases and 1,467 controls were included in the final analysis. The overall adjusted vaccination effectiveness for all patients was 23.6% (95% CI 0.9-41.0). The adjusted vaccination effectiveness for immunosuppressed patients was 21.0% (95% CI -18.7-47.5). Our results suggest that the PPV may potentially reduce hospitalisations for pneumonia in the elderly and supports vaccination programmes in this age group.

Vacunaciones para adultos inmonucompetentes que padecen enfermedades crónicas: cardiovasculopatías, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, diabetes, hepatopatía crónica / No disponible

No disponible

Vacunaciones en pacientes con inmunodeficiencias graves / No disponible

No disponible

Vacunación en pacientes con transplante de órganos sólidos / No disponible

No disponible

A new adjuvant improves the immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in hemodialysis patients.

Prehemodialysis and hemodialysis patients are at an increased risk of hepatitis B infection and have an impaired immune response to hepatitis B vaccines. We evaluated the immune response to the new adjuvant of hepatitis B vaccine AS04 (HBV-AS04) in this population. We measured antibody persistence for up to 42 months, and the anamnestic response and safety of booster doses in patients who were no longer seroprotected. The primary vaccination study showed that HBV-AS04 elicited an earlier antibody response and higher antibody titers than four double doses of standard hepatitis B vaccine. Seroprotection rates were significantly higher in HBV-AS04 recipients throughout the study. The decline in seroprotection over time was significantly less in the HBV-AS04 group with significantly fewer primed patients requiring a booster dose over the follow-up period. Solicited/unsolicited adverse events were rare following booster administration. Fifty-seven patients experienced a serious adverse event during the follow-up; none of which was vaccine related. When HBV-AS04 was used as the priming immunogen, the need for a booster dose occurred at a longer time compared to double doses of standard hepatitis B vaccine. Hence, in this population, the HBV-AS04 was immunogenic, safe, and well-tolerated both as a booster dose after HBV-AS04 or standard hepatitis B vaccine priming.

Relación coste-efectividad de diferentes estrategias de prevención primaria de algunas infecciones oportunistas en pacientes infectados por el HIV / The relationship between cost and effect of different healhcare strategies for preventing opportunistic infections in HIV infected patients

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