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1.
Mol Genet Genomics ; 270(5): 403-14, 2003 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14530964

RESUMEN

In animals and plants, many cell types switch from mitotic cycles to endoreduplication cycles during differentiation. Little is known about the way in which the number of endoreduplication cycles is controlled in such endopolyploid cells. In this study we have characterized at the molecular level three mutations in the Arabidopsis gene KAKTUS ( KAK), which were previously shown specifically to repress endoreduplication in trichomes. We show that KAK is also involved in the regulation of the number of endoreduplication cycles in various organs that are devoid of trichomes. KAK encodes a protein with sequence similarity to HECT domain proteins. As this class of proteins is known to be involved in ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation, our finding suggests that the number of endoreduplication cycles that occur in several cell types is controlled by this pathway. The KAK gene defines a monophylogenetic subgroup of HECT proteins that also contain Armadillo-like repeats.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/genética , Genes de Plantas , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/química , Secuencia de Bases , Biología Computacional , Cotiledón/metabolismo , Cartilla de ADN , Hipocótilo/metabolismo , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas/metabolismo
2.
Curr Biol ; 11(23): 1891-5, 2001 Nov 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11728314

RESUMEN

Plants often respond to pathogens by sacrificing cells at the infection site. This type of programmed cell death is mimicked by the constitutive pathogene response5 (cpr5) mutant in Arabidopsis in the absence of pathogens, suggesting a role for CPR5 in programmed cell death control. The analysis of the cellular phenotypes of two T-DNA-tagged cpr5 alleles revealed an additional role for CPR5 in the regulation of endoreduplication and cell division. In cpr5 mutant trichomes, endoreduplication cycles stop after two rounds instead of four, and trichome cells have fewer branches than normal. Eventually, cpr5 trichomes die, the nucleus disintegrates, and the cell collapses. Similarly, leaf growth stops earlier than in wild-type, and, frequently, regions displaying spontaneous cell death are observed. The cloning of the CPR5 gene revealed a novel putative transmembrane protein with a cytosolic domain containing a nuclear-targeting sequence. The dual role of CPR5 in cell proliferation and cell death control suggests a regulatory link between these two processes.


Asunto(s)
Apoptosis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/genética , División Celular/genética , Genes de Plantas , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Arabidopsis/citología , Fenotipo
3.
Plant J ; 28(1): 1-12, 2001 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11696182

RESUMEN

3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (KAT) (EC: 2.3.1.16) catalyses a key step in fatty acid beta-oxidation. Expression of the Arabidopsis thaliana KAT gene on chromosome 2 (KAT2), which encodes a peroxisomal thiolase, is activated in early seedling growth. We identified a T-DNA insertion in this gene which abolishes its expression and eliminates most of the thiolase activity in seedlings. In the homozygous kat2 mutant, seedling growth is dependent upon exogenous sugar, and storage triacylglycerol (TAG) and lipid bodies persist in green cotyledons. The peroxisomes in cotyledons of kat2 seedlings are very large, the total peroxisomal compartment is dramatically increased, and some peroxisomes contain unusual membrane inclusions. The size and number of plastids and mitochondria are also modified. Long-chain (C16 to C20) fatty acyl-CoAs accumulate in kat2 seedlings, indicating that the mutant lacks long-chain thiolase activity. In addition, extracts from kat2 seedlings have significantly decreased activity with aceto-acetyl CoA, and KAT2 appears to be the only thiolase gene expressed at significant levels during germination and seedling growth, indicating that KAT2 has broad substrate specificity. The kat2 phenotype can be complemented by KAT2 or KAT5 cDNAs driven by the CaMV 35S promoter, showing that these enzymes are functionally equivalent, but that expression of the KAT5 gene in seedlings is too low for effective catabolism of TAG. By comparison with glyoxylate cycle mutants, it is concluded that while gluconeogenesis from fatty acids is not absolutely required to support Arabidopsis seedling growth, peroxisomal beta-oxidation is essential, which is in turn required for breakdown of TAG in lipid bodies.


Asunto(s)
Acetil-CoA C-Aciltransferasa/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/citología , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Peroxisomas/metabolismo , Triglicéridos/metabolismo , Acetil-CoA C-Aciltransferasa/genética , Arabidopsis/enzimología , Arabidopsis/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Prueba de Complementación Genética , Germinación , Cinética , Microscopía Electrónica , Mutación , Orgánulos/metabolismo , Peroxisomas/enzimología , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente , Especificidad por Sustrato
4.
Plant Cell ; 13(11): 2539-51, 2001 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11701887

RESUMEN

To understand the biogenesis of the plastid cytochrome b(6)f complex and to identify the underlying auxiliary factors, we have characterized the nuclear mutant hcf164 of Arabidopsis and isolated the affected gene. The mutant shows a high chlorophyll fluorescence phenotype and is severely deficient in the accumulation of the cytochrome b(6)f complex subunits. In vivo protein labeling experiments indicated that the mutation acts post-translationally by interfering with the assembly of the complex. Because of its T-DNA tag, the corresponding gene was cloned and its identity confirmed by complementation of homozygous mutant plants. HCF164 encodes a thioredoxin-like protein that possesses disulfide reductase activity. The protein was found in the chloroplast, where it is anchored to the thylakoid membrane at its lumenal side. HCF164 is closely related to the thioredoxin-like protein TxlA of Synechocystis sp PCC6803, most probably reflecting its evolutionary origin. The protein also shows a limited similarity to the eubacterial CcsX and CcmG proteins, which are required for the maturation of periplasmic c-type cytochromes. The putative roles of HCF164 for the assembly of the cytochrome b(6)f complex are discussed.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis/genética , Grupo Citocromo b/genética , Oxidorreductasas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Complejo de Citocromo b6f , Transporte de Electrón , Cinética , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Oxidorreductasas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Alineación de Secuencia , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Tiorredoxinas/química
5.
Plant Cell ; 13(9): 2127-41, 2001 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11549768

RESUMEN

To understand the functional significance of RNA processing for the expression of plastome-encoded photosynthesis genes, we investigated the nuclear mutation hcf107 of Arabidopsis. The mutation is represented by two alleles, both of which lead to a defective photosystem II (PSII). In vivo protein labeling, in vitro phosphorylation, and immunoblot experiments revealed that the psbB gene product (CP47) and an 8-kD phosphoprotein, the psbH gene product (PsbH), are absent in mutant plants. PsbH and PsbB are essential requirements for PSII assembly in photosynthetic eukaryotes, and their absence in hcf107 is consistent with the PSII-less mutant phenotype. RNA gel blot hybridizations showed that the hcf107 mutation specifically impairs the accumulation of some but not all oligocistronic psbH transcripts that are released from the pentacistronic psbB-psbT-psbH-petB-petD precursor RNA by intergenic endonucleolytic cleavage. In contrast, neither the levels nor the sizes of psbB-containing RNAs are affected. S1 nuclease protection analyses revealed that psbH RNAs are lacking only where psbH is the leading cistron and that they are processed at position -45 in the 5' leader segment of psbH. These data and additional experiments with the cytochrome b(6)f complex mutant hcf152, which is defective in 3' psbH processing, suggest that only those psbH-containing transcripts that are processed at their -45 5' ends can be translated. Secondary structure analysis of the 5' psbH leader predicted the formation of stable stem loops in the nonprocessed transcripts, which are unfolded by processing at the -45 site. We propose that this unfolding of the psbH leader segment as a result of RNA processing is essential for the translation of the psbH reading frame. We suggest further that HCF107 has dual functions: it is involved in intercistronic processing of the psbH 5' untranslated region or the stabilization of 5' processed psbH RNAs, and concomitantly, it is required for the synthesis of CP47.


Asunto(s)
Arabidopsis/genética , Núcleo Celular/genética , ADN Intergénico/genética , Genes de Plantas/genética , Complejos de Proteína Captadores de Luz , Fosfoproteínas/genética , Proteínas del Complejo del Centro de Reacción Fotosintética/genética , Complejo de Proteína del Fotosistema II , Biosíntesis de Proteínas , Procesamiento Postranscripcional del ARN , ARN del Cloroplasto/metabolismo , Alelos , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Arabidopsis/citología , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Secuencia de Bases , Clorofila/genética , Genes/genética , Genes Recesivos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Peso Molecular , Mutación , Conformación de Ácido Nucleico , Fosfoproteínas/química , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Proteínas del Complejo del Centro de Reacción Fotosintética/biosíntesis , Proteínas del Complejo del Centro de Reacción Fotosintética/química , Proteínas del Complejo del Centro de Reacción Fotosintética/metabolismo , Filogenia , Estabilidad del ARN , ARN del Cloroplasto/química , ARN del Cloroplasto/genética , ARN de Planta/química , ARN de Planta/genética , ARN de Planta/metabolismo , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Tilacoides/metabolismo , Transcripción Genética
6.
Genes Dev ; 15(6): 699-709, 2001 Mar 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11274055

RESUMEN

Genotoxic stress activates complex cellular responses allowing for the repair of DNA damage and proper cell recovery. Although plants are exposed constantly to increasing solar UV irradiation, the signaling cascades activated by genotoxic environments are largely unknown. We have identified an Arabidopsis mutant (mkp1) hypersensitive to genotoxic stress treatments (UV-C and methyl methanesulphonate) due to disruption of a gene that encodes an Arabidopsis homolog of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase (AtMKP1). Growth of the mkp1 mutant under standard conditions is indistinguishable from wild type, indicating a stress-specific function of AtMKP1. MAP kinase phosphatases (MKPs), the potent inactivators of MAP kinases, are considered important regulators of MAP kinase signaling. Although biochemical data from mammalian cell cultures suggests an involvement of MKPs in cellular stress responses, there is no in vivo genetic support for this view in any multicellular organism. The genetic and biochemical data presented here imply a central role for a MAP kinase cascade in genotoxic stress signaling in plants and indicate AtMKP1 to be a crucial regulator of the MAP kinase activity in vivo, determining the outcome of the cellular reaction and the level of genotoxic resistance.


Asunto(s)
Arabidopsis/enzimología , Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por Mitógenos/genética , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por Mitógenos/fisiología , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Proteínas de Arabidopsis , ADN Complementario/metabolismo , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Immunoblotting , Solanum lycopersicum/genética , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas , Metilmetanosulfonato , Modelos Genéticos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Mutagénesis , Mutágenos , Mutación , Fenotipo , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Proteínas Tirosina Fosfatasas , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Transducción de Señal , Rayos Ultravioleta , Zea mays/genética
7.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 98(7): 4238-42, 2001 Mar 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11274447

RESUMEN

The conversion of light to chemical energy by the process of photosynthesis is localized to the thylakoid membrane network in plant chloroplasts. Although several pathways have been described that target proteins into and across the thylakoids, little is known about the origin of this membrane system or how the lipid backbone of the thylakoids is transported and fused with the target membrane. Thylakoid biogenesis and maintenance seem to involve the flow of membrane elements via vesicular transport. Here we show by mutational analysis that deletion of a single gene called VIPP1 (vesicle-inducing protein in plastids 1) is deleterious to thylakoid membrane formation. Although VIPP1 is a hydrophilic protein it is found in both the inner envelope and the thylakoid membranes. In VIPP1 deletion mutants vesicle formation is abolished. We propose that VIPP1 is essential for the maintenance of thylakoids by a transport pathway not previously recognized.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis/genética , Genes de Plantas/fisiología , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Tilacoides/fisiología , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Clonación Molecular , Eubacterium/fisiología , Proteínas de la Membrana/fisiología , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Fenotipo , Fotosíntesis , Proteínas de Plantas/fisiología , Plastidios/fisiología , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido
8.
Plant J ; 25(1): 31-41, 2001 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11169180

RESUMEN

The Rad50 protein is involved in the cellular response to DNA-double strand breaks (DSBs), including the detection of damage, activation of cell-cycle checkpoints, and DSB repair via recombination. It is essential for meiosis in yeast, is involved in telomere maintenance, and is essential for cellular viability in mice. Here we present the isolation, sequence and characterization of the Arabidopsis thaliana RAD50 homologue (AtRAD50) and an Arabidopsis mutant of this gene. A single copy of this gene is present in the Arabidopsis genome, located on chromosome II. Northern analysis shows a single 4.3 Kb mRNA species in all plant tissues tested, which is strongly enriched in flowers and other tissues with many dividing cells. The predicted protein presents strong conservation with the other known Rad50 homologues of the amino- and carboxy-terminal regions. Mutant plants present a sterility phenotype which co-segregates with the T-DNA insertion. Molecular analysis of the mutant plants shows that the sterility phenotype is present only in the plants homozygous for the T-DNA insertion. An in vitro mutant cell line, derived from the mutant plant, shows a clear hypersensitivity to the DNA-damaging agent methylmethane sulphonate, suggesting a role of RAD50 in double-strand break repair in plant cells. This is the first report of a plant mutated in a protein of the Rad50-Mre11-Xrs2 complex, as well as the first data suggesting the involvement of the Rad50 homologue protein in meiosis and DNA repair in plants.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis/fisiología , Daño del ADN , Proteínas de Unión al ADN , Metilmetanosulfonato/farmacología , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Arabidopsis/efectos de los fármacos , Arabidopsis/genética , Secuencia de Bases , Mapeo Cromosómico , Clonación Molecular , Secuencia Conservada , Reparación del ADN , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Heterocigoto , Homocigoto , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/química , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Reproducción , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Alineación de Secuencia , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Homología de Secuencia de Ácido Nucleico
9.
Plant J ; 24(3): 357-67, 2000 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11069709

RESUMEN

A novel Arabidopsis DHDPS gene named DHDPS2 was found through identification of a mutant by promoter trapping. The mutation promotes a reduction of growth resulting from combination of a defect in lysine biosynthesis and accumulation of a toxic level of threonine or derived products. The mutant also modifies the amino acid composition issuing from the pyruvate and aspartate pathways, affecting mainly the root compartment. These data are in accordance with the expression of DHDPS2 in the root apex as visualized by expression of the GUS reporter gene. This suggests that a large proportion of the amino acids derived from pyruvate and aspartate are synthesized in this organ.


Asunto(s)
Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Hidroliasas/genética , Treonina/metabolismo , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Arabidopsis/efectos de los fármacos , Secuencia de Bases , ADN Bacteriano/genética , ADN de Plantas/genética , Genes de Plantas , Lisina/farmacología , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Mutación , Fenotipo , Raíces de Plantas/enzimología , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido
10.
J Biol Chem ; 275(44): 34375-81, 2000 Nov 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10918060

RESUMEN

The first step of peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation is catalyzed by a family of acyl-CoA oxidase isozymes with distinct fatty acyl-CoA chain-length specificities. Here we identify a new acyl-CoA oxidase gene from Arabidopsis (AtACX3) following the isolation of a promoter-trapped mutant in which beta-glucuronidase expression was initially detected in the root meristem. In acx3 mutant seedlings medium-chain acyl-CoA oxidase activity was reduced by 95%, whereas long- and short-chain activities were unchanged. Despite this reduction in activity lipid catabolism and seedling development were not perturbed. AtACX3 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzyme displayed medium-chain acyl-CoA substrate specificity. Analysis of beta-glucuronidase activity in acx3 revealed that, in addition to constitutive expression in the root axis, AtACX3 is also up-regulated strongly in the hypocotyl and cotyledons of germinating seedlings. This suggests that beta-oxidation is regulated predominantly at the level of transcription in germinating oilseeds. After the discovery of AtACX3, the Arabidopsis acyl-CoA oxidase gene family now comprises four isozymes with substrate specificities that encompass the full range of acyl-CoA chain lengths that exist in vivo.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis/enzimología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Germinación , Oxidorreductasas/genética , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Transcripción Genética , Acil-CoA Oxidasa , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Arabidopsis/embriología , Arabidopsis/genética , Secuencia de Bases , Clonación Molecular , ADN Complementario , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Mutación , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Semillas , Especificidad por Sustrato
11.
Genetics ; 155(4): 1875-87, 2000 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10924482

RESUMEN

In planta transformation methods are now commonly used to transform Arabidopsis thaliana by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The origin of transformants obtained by these methods has been studied by inoculating different floral stages and examining gametophytic expression of an introduced beta-glucuronidase marker gene encoding GUS. We observed that transformation can still occur after treating flowers where embryo sacs have reached the stage of the third division. No GUS expression was observed in embryo sacs or pollen of plants infiltrated with an Agrobacterium strain bearing a GUS gene under the control of a gametophyte-specific promoter. To identify the genetic target we used an insertion mutant in which a gene essential for male gametophytic development has been disrupted by a T-DNA bearing a Basta resistance gene (B(R)). In this mutant the B(R) marker is transferred to the progeny only by the female gametes. This mutant was retransformed with a hygromycin resistance marker and doubly resistant plants were selected. The study of 193 progeny of these transformants revealed 25 plants in which the two resistance markers were linked in coupling and only one plant where they were linked in repulsion. These results point to the chromosome set of the female gametophyte as the main target for the T-DNA.


Asunto(s)
Arabidopsis/genética , Cromosomas , ADN de Plantas/genética , Técnicas Genéticas , Transformación Bacteriana , Transformación Genética , Ligamiento Genético , Meiosis/genética , Modelos Genéticos , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , Recombinación Genética , Rhizobium/genética
12.
Plant J ; 24(6): 849-57, 2000 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11135118

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to investigate the in vivo properties and function of the high-affinity monosaccharide/proton symporter AtSTP1 of Arabidopsis. We isolated an Atstp1 knock-out mutant and found that this plant grows and develops normally. The AtSTP1 gene is expressed in germinating seeds and seedlings, with AtSTP1 activity found mainly in the seedling root. The rate of uptake of [(14)C]-3-O-methylglucose and [(14)C]-D-glucose is 60% less in Atstp1 seedlings than in the wild type, showing that AtSTP1 is the major monosaccharide transporter in Arabidopsis seedlings. Transport of D-galactose and D-mannose is also up to 60% less in Atstp1 seedlings compared to wild type, but transport of D-fructose, L-arabinose and sucrose is not reduced. Germination of Atstp1 seed shows reduced sensitivity to D-mannose, demonstrating that AtSTP1 is active before germination. Atstp1 seedlings grow effectively on concentrations of D-galactose that inhibit wild-type growth, even at up to 100 mM D-galactose, indicating that active transport by AtSTP1 plays a major role at very high concentrations of exogenous sugar. These findings provide insight into the physiological function of AtSTP1 and clearly establish its importance in the uptake of extracellular sugars by the embryo and in seedlings.


Asunto(s)
Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Metabolismo de los Hidratos de Carbono , Proteínas de Transporte de Monosacáridos/metabolismo , Semillas/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/crecimiento & desarrollo , ADN Bacteriano , Genes de Plantas , Germinación , Hexosas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte de Monosacáridos/genética , Mutación , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente , Semillas/crecimiento & desarrollo
13.
Plant Physiol Biochem ; 37(11): 831-840, 1999 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10580283

RESUMEN

Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC 2.3.1.20) is a membrane enzyme that drives the final step in the formation of oils using diacylglycerol (DAG) and acyl-CoA to yield triacylglycerol (TAG). We identified a putative plant DGAT gene (TRIACYLGLYCEROL1: TAG1) and demonstrated its function by the cloning of two mutated alleles, designated AS11 (tag1-1) and ABX45 (tag1-2). One allele, AS11, has been previously characterised at the biochemical level. Mutant seeds contained less oil with a modified fatty acid profile and have reduced germination rates compared to wild-type controls. The TAG1 cDNA encodes for a 520-aa protein that possesses multiple putative transmembrane domains and shows 70 % similarity to a human DGAT cDNA.

14.
Cell ; 99(5): 463-72, 1999 Nov 24.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10589675

RESUMEN

Root formation in plants involves the continuous interpretation of positional cues. Physiological studies have linked root formation to auxins. An auxin response element displays a maximum in the Arabidopsis root and we investigate its developmental significance. Auxin response mutants reduce the maximum or its perception, and interfere with distal root patterning. Polar auxin transport mutants affect its localization and distal pattern. Polar auxin transport inhibitors cause dramatic relocalization of the maximum, and associated changes in pattern and polarity. Auxin application and laser ablations correlate root pattern with a maximum adjacent to the vascular bundle. Our data indicate that an auxin maximum at a vascular boundary establishes a distal organizer in the root.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Comunicación Celular , Ácidos Indolacéticos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte de Membrana , Morfogénesis , Raíces de Plantas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Arabidopsis/genética , Transporte Biológico/genética , Proteínas Portadoras , Polaridad Celular , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Genes Reporteros , Modelos Biológicos , Proteínas de Plantas , Raíces de Plantas/anatomía & histología , Factores de Transcripción/genética
15.
Plant J ; 19(4): 387-98, 1999 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10504561

RESUMEN

Mutations in the BANYULS (BAN) gene lead to precocious accumulation of anthocyanins in immature seed coat in Arabidopsis. The ban -1 allele has been isolated from a collection of T-DNA transformants and found to be tagged by the integrative molecule. The sequencing of wild-type and two independent mutant alleles confirmed the identity of the gene. Analysis of the full-length cDNA sequence revealed an open reading frame encoding a 342 amino acid protein which shared strong similarities with DFR and other enzymes of the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway. BAN expression was restricted to the endothelium of immature seeds at the pre-globular to early globular stages of development as predicted from the maternal inheritance of the phenotype, and therefore represents a marker for early differentiation and development of the seed coat. BAN is probably involved in a metabolic channelling between the production of anthocyanins and pro-anthocyanidins in the seed coat.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis/enzimología , Arabidopsis/genética , NADH NADPH Oxidorreductasas/genética , NADH NADPH Oxidorreductasas/metabolismo , Semillas/enzimología , Semillas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Alelos , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Antocianinas/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/anatomía & histología , Arabidopsis/embriología , Catequina/análisis , Clonación Molecular , Herencia Extracromosómica , Flavonoides/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Genes de Plantas/genética , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Mutagénesis Insercional , Mutación/genética , NADH NADPH Oxidorreductasas/química , Filogenia , Estructuras de las Plantas/enzimología , Estructuras de las Plantas/genética , ARN Mensajero/análisis , ARN Mensajero/genética , Semillas/anatomía & histología , Semillas/genética , Alineación de Secuencia
16.
EMBO J ; 18(16): 4505-12, 1999 Aug 16.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10449416

RESUMEN

In plants, the observed low frequency of gene targeting and intrachromosomal recombination contrasts markedly with the efficient extrachromosomal recombination of DNA. Thus, chromatin accessibility can have a major influence on the recombination frequency of chromosomal DNA in vivo. An Arabidopsis mutant hypersensitive to a range of DNA-damaging treatments (UV-C, X-rays, methyl methanesulfonate and mitomycin C) is also defective in somatic intrachromosomal homologous recombination. The wild-type gene encodes a protein closely related to the structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) family involved in structural changes in chromosomes. Although loss of SMC function is lethal in other eukaryotes, growth of the Arabidopsis mutant is normal in the absence of genotoxic treatments. This suggests a surprisingly specialized function for this protein in plants, and provides the first in vivo evidence for the involvement of an SMC protein in recombinational DNA repair. It is possible that SMC-like proteins in plants alleviate suppressive chromatin structure limiting homologous recombination in somatic cells.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis/genética , Genes de Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Recombinación Genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Arabidopsis/efectos de los fármacos , Secuencia de Bases , Mapeo Cromosómico , Daño del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Daño del ADN/efectos de la radiación , ADN de Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , ADN de Plantas/efectos de la radiación , Glucuronidasa/genética , Metilmetanosulfonato/farmacología , Mitomicina/farmacología , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Mutágenos/farmacología , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Rayos Ultravioleta
17.
Plant J ; 17(2): 169-79, 1999 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10074714

RESUMEN

The EMB 506 gene of Arabidopsis, required for the normal development of the embryo beyond the globular stage, has been cloned. The gene encodes a protein of predicted size 35 kDa that contains five ankyrin (ANK) repeats within the C terminal moiety. ANK repeats are conserved domains of 33 amino acids involved in specific recognition of protein partners. The EMB 506 protein was detected at different stages of silique development but accumulated preferentially in the mature cauline leaves. The rescue of homozygous emb 506 embryos by complementation with the wild-type sequence cDNA demonstrated that the emb mutation is a consequence of the T-DNA insertion and that integration and expression of the transgene occurred during gametogenesis and/or early embryo development. In addition to the drastic effect of the emb 506 mutation during embryo development, complementation experiments revealed another effect of the gene: emb 506 plants transformed with the wild-type EMB 506 sequence were able to produce viable seeds but showed a reduction of apical dominance and the presence of adventitious buds or bracts along the stem. This result supports the idea that genes essential for embryogenesis may also be required at other stages of the plant life cycle.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis/embriología , Proteínas Portadoras/genética , Secuencias Repetitivas de Ácidos Nucleicos , Semillas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Arabidopsis/genética , Secuencia de Bases , Proteínas Portadoras/metabolismo , Clonación Molecular , ADN Complementario , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Prueba de Complementación Genética , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Fenotipo , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Transformación Genética
18.
EMBO J ; 17(23): 6799-811, 1998 Dec 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9843485

RESUMEN

Sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes are able to induce the redifferentiation of root cells into multinucleate nematode feeding sites (NFSs). We have isolated by promoter trapping an Arabidopsis thaliana gene that is essential for the early steps of NFS formation induced by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Its pattern of expression is similar to that of key regulators of the cell cycle, but it is not observed with the cyst nematode. Later in NFS development, this gene is induced by both root-knot and cyst nematodes. It encodes a protein similar to the D-ribulose-5-phosphate 3-epimerase (RPE) (EC 5.1.3.1), a key enzyme in the reductive Calvin cycle and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP). Quantitative RT-PCR showed the accumulation of RPE transcripts in potato, as in Arabidopsis NFS. Homozygous rpe plants have a germination mutant phenotype that can be rescued in dwarf plants on sucrose-supplemented medium. During root development, this gene is expressed in the meristems and initiation sites of lateral roots. These results suggest that the genetic control of NFSs and the first stages of meristem formation share common steps and confirms the previous cytological observations which indicate that root cells undergo metabolic reprogramming when they turn into NFSs.


Asunto(s)
Arabidopsis/enzimología , Carbohidrato Epimerasas/genética , Genes de Plantas , Nematodos/fisiología , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/parasitología , Clonación Molecular , Regulación Enzimológica de la Expresión Génica , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Prueba de Complementación Genética , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Mutagénesis , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido
20.
Mol Gen Genet ; 260(5): 444-52, 1998 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9894914

RESUMEN

Many genes are thought to be expressed during the haploid phase in plants, however, very few haploid-specific genes have been isolated so far. T-DNA insertion mutagenesis is a powerful tool for generating mutations that affect gametophyte viability and function, as disruption of a gene essential for these processes should lead to a defect in the transmission of the gametes. Mutants can therefore be screened on the basis of segregation distortion for a reporter resistance gene contained in the T-DNA. We have screened the Versailles collection of Arabidopsis transformants for 1:1 KanR:KanS segregation after selfing, focussing on gametophyte mutations which show normal transmission through one gametophyte and cause lethality or dysfunction of the other. Only 1.3% (207) of the 16,000 lines screened were scored as good candidates. Thorough genetic analysis of 38 putative T-DNA transmission defect lines (Ttd) identified 8 defective gametophyte mutants, which all showed 0 to 1% T-DNA transmission through the pollen. During the screen, we observed a high background of low-penetrance mutations, often affecting the function of both gametophytes, and many lines which were likely to carry chromosomal rearrangements. The reasons for the small number of retained lines (all male gametophytic) are discussed, as well as the finding that, for most of them, residual T-DNA transmission is obtained through the affected gametophyte.


Asunto(s)
Arabidopsis/genética , Elementos Transponibles de ADN , Genes de Plantas , Mutación , Arabidopsis/fisiología , Southern Blotting , Células Germinativas , Polen/fisiología , Selección Genética
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