RESUMEN
The food production system needs to be sustainable including poultry sector to feed the increasing global population. An accepted economical and environmental approach of broiler production is to produce larger broilers faster while using less feed. Broiler production is aimed at producing consumable meat and meat products. The global broiler meat market has evolved over the years with increasing selection pressure shifted toward attaining yield characteristics for increased cut-up parts such as breast and thighs. There is a shift toward a big bird market in the U.S. with approximately 70% of the broiler meat produced from large birds (>2.72 kg). Genetic selection of broilers for quantitative traits such as growth rate and lean muscle mass without increasing the fat mass has altered broiler physiological homeostasis to adapt toward the larger rates of muscle protein turnover. Physiological stresses created due to selection pressures in broilers have produced several muscle myopathies including an emerging one called woody breast myopathy. The sustainable broiler production practice may require humane consideration of raising broilers in less stressful grow-out regimes that will have minimal impact on broiler metabolic health. Another sustainability approach of broiler production toward feed efficiency lies on understanding dietary formulation approach of amino acids and energy that promote optimal nutrient utilization and minimal nutrient output to environment while also fulfilling the growth demands and body composition changes associated with increased protein gain in current meat broilers brought by the genetic progress.
Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal , Pollos , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Animales , Dieta , Proteínas en la Dieta , Carne/análisisRESUMEN
An initial study profiled non-cellulosic polysaccharide (NCP) levels in feed ingredient samples-corn, soybean meal (SBM), whole soybean, and distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). A separate NCP digestibility assay was performed in broilers at day 21 (grower phase) and day 42 (finisher phase) fed corn-soy based diets with and without composite enzymes (phytases, multi-carbohydrases, and proteases). Negative control (NC), NC + composite enzymes (NC+E), and positive control (PC) diets were tested. Negative control and NC + E diets were isocaloric, 3,020 kcal/kg ME at grower phase and 3,026 kcal/kg ME at finisher phase. Positive control diet was formulated to meet the Cobb standard nutrient specifications. Diets, pooled digesta, and excreta samples from all treatment diets were collected from 21- and 42-day-old birds and NCP content analyzed as soluble NCP (S-NCP) and insoluble NCP (I-NCP) fractions. Digestibility coefficient (DC) values were determined for all dietary treatments for both the feeding periods. Results from the ingredient analysis showed NCP levels of â¼7 to 10% in corn samples, â¼8 to 11% in SBM samples, â¼11 to 14% (including pectin level) in whole soybean, and â¼12 to 17% in DDGS samples, suggesting variation (P < 0.05) in NCP levels existed within ingredient samples. Digestibility assays showed that enzyme treated (NC + E) diet improved DC values at day 21 from 6 to 10 units and 6 to 9 units for ileal and total tract collection, respectively, for I-NCP fraction (P < 0.05) compared to DC values for NC or PC diets. The ileal DC values at day 42 were not different between treatment diets (â¼0.6) but total tract DC values improved 9 to 11 units for broilers fed NC + E diet compared to NC or PC diets. Higher DC values for S-NCP were observed for all treatments for both feeding periods (â¼0.7-ileal and â¼0.8-total tract) compared to DC values for I-NCP. Overall, the use of supplemental enzymes in corn-soy-based diets showed improvement in total NCP digestion.
Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal/análisis , Pollos/fisiología , Digestión/efectos de los fármacos , Contenido Digestivo/química , Polisacáridos/metabolismo , 6-Fitasa/administración & dosificación , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Animales , Dieta/veterinaria , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis , Digestión/fisiología , Grano Comestible/química , Íleon/fisiología , Glycine max/química , Factores de Tiempo , Zea mays/químicaRESUMEN
Incluye recomendaciones sobre la prevención y manejo de lesiones premalignas y reducir la incidencia y mortalidad por cáncer cervicouterino.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Lesiones Precancerosas/diagnóstico , Lesiones Precancerosas/terapia , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/prevención & control , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/terapia , Factores de Riesgo , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/complicacionesRESUMEN
No disponible
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Taponamiento Cardíaco/complicaciones , Taponamiento Cardíaco , Atrios Cardíacos , Función del Atrio Izquierdo , Hernia Hiatal/complicaciones , Hernia Hiatal , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Anestesia General , Cardiografía de Impedancia , Máscaras LaríngeasAsunto(s)
Atrios Cardíacos , Hernia Hiatal/complicaciones , Complicaciones Intraoperatorias/etiología , Atrios Cardíacos/diagnóstico por imagen , Hernia Hiatal/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Complicaciones Intraoperatorias/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Early identification of ischemic stroke plays a significant role in treatment and potential recovery of damaged brain tissue. In noncontrast CT (ncCT), the differences between ischemic changes and healthy tissue are usually very subtle during the hyperacute phase (< 8 h from the stroke onset). Therefore, visual comparison of both hemispheres is an important step in clinical assessment. A quantitative symmetry-based analysis of texture features of ischemic lesions in noncontrast CT images may provide an important information for differentiation of ischemic and healthy brain tissue in this phase. METHODS: One hundred thirty-nine (139) ncCT scans of hyperacute ischemic stroke with follow-up magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted (MR-DW) images were collected. The regions of stroke were identified in the MR-DW images, which were spatially aligned to corresponding ncCT images. A state-of-the-art symmetric diffeomorphic image registration was utilized for the alignment of CT and MR-DW, for identification of individual brain hemispheres, and for localization of the region representing healthy tissue contralateral to the stroke cores. Texture analysis included extraction and classification of co-occurrence and run-length texture-based image features in the regions of ischemic stroke and their contralateral regions. RESULTS: The classification schemes achieved area under the receiver operating characteristic [Az] ≈ 0.82 for the whole dataset. There was no statistically significant difference in the performance of classifiers for the data sets with time between 2 and 8 hours from symptom onset. The performance of the classifiers did not depend on the size of the stroke regions. CONCLUSIONS: The results provide a set of optimal texture features which are suitable for distinguishing between hyperacute ischemic lesions and their corresponding contralateral brain tissue in noncontrast CT. This work is an initial step toward development of an automated decision support system for detection of hyperacute ischemic stroke lesions on noncontrast CT of the brain.
Asunto(s)
Isquemia Encefálica/complicaciones , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador/métodos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/complicaciones , Accidente Cerebrovascular/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Árboles de Decisión , Femenino , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Máquina de Vectores de SoporteRESUMEN
To evaluate the impact of the practice of a preoperative tracheotomy and different prognostic factors reported in the literature in patients with transglottic carcinoma of the larynx, a retrospective study was performed in the Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City. In all, 90 cases with T3 transglottic squamous cell carcinoma requiring a total laryngectomy as primary treatment were studied. Prognostic factors such as the Karnofsky index, tumor differentiation, surgical margins and preoperative tracheotomy were analyzed by a Cox's proportional hazards model. The Kaplan-Meier method and log rank test were used to evaluate the disease-free intervals and survival curves. Thirty-two patients had preoperative tracheotomies, while 58 did not. Eighty percent of the patients in the non-preoperative tracheotomy group were alive after 5 years versus 20% of those with preoperative tracheotomies (P < 0.001). Although possibly controversial, our findings indicate that a pretreatment tracheotomy should be avoided in T3 transglottic obstructive lesions. In patients with these lesions and a subglottic extension < or = 3 cm we recommend an emergency total laryngectomy when possible to increase survival and decrease surgical morbidity.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/terapia , Glotis , Neoplasias Laríngeas/patología , Neoplasias Laríngeas/terapia , Cuidados Preoperatorios , Traqueostomía/métodos , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Terapia Combinada , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Glotis/patología , Glotis/efectos de la radiación , Glotis/cirugía , Humanos , Estado de Ejecución de Karnofsky , Laringectomía/métodos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
We present a case of a 9-yr-old child with gastrointestinal ascariasis. Computed tomography of the abdomen demonstrates the Ascaris roundworms as cylindrical filling defects within contrast filled bowel loops. In addition, the intestinal tract of the roundworm itself is seen as a thin thread of oral contrast within the tubular filling defect. To our knowledge, this is the first reported description of the CT findings of intestinal ascariasis in a pediatric patient.