A Pilot Study of Dietetic, Phenotypic, and Genotypic Features Influencing Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in Women with Pregestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbimortality. Dietetic, phenotypic, and genotypic factors influencing HDP were analyzed during a nutrigenetic trial in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2016-2020). Pregnant women with pregestational diabetes mellitus (n = 70) were randomly assigned to a traditional or DASH diet group. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured during prenatal visits and HDP were diagnosed using international criteria. Phenotypic data were obtained from medical records and personal interviews. Genotyping for FTO and ADRB2 polymorphisms used RT-PCR. Linear mixed-effect models and time-to-event analyses were performed. The variables with significant effect on the risk for progression to HDP were: black skin color (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 8.63, p = 0.01), preeclampsia in previous pregnancy (aHR 11.66, p < 0.01), SBP ≥ 114 mmHg in the third trimester (aHR 5.56, p 0.04), DBP ≥ 70 mmHg in the first trimester (aHR 70.15, p = 0.03), mean blood pressure > 100 mmHg (aHR 18.42, p = 0.03), and HbA1c ≥ 6.41% in the third trimester (aHR 4.76, p = 0.03). Dietetic and genotypic features had no significant effect on the outcome, although there was limited statistical power to test both.

FTO and ADRB2 Genetic Polymorphisms Are Risk Factors for Earlier Excessive Gestational Weight Gain in Pregnant Women with Pregestational Diabetes Mellitus: Results of a Randomized Nutrigenetic Trial.

Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) is associated with increased risk of maternal and neonatal complications. We investigated obesity-related polymorphisms in the FTO gene (rs9939609, rs17817449) and ADRB2 (rs1042713, rs1042714) as candidate risk factors concerning excessive GWG in pregnant women with pregestational diabetes. This nutrigenetic trial, conducted in Brazil, randomly assigned 70 pregnant women to one of the groups: traditional diet (n = 41) or DASH diet (n = 29). Excessive GWG was the total weight gain above the upper limit of the recommendation, according to the Institute of Medicine guidelines. Genotyping was performed using real-time PCR. Time-to-event analysis was performed to investigate risk factors for progression to excessive GWG. Regardless the type of diet, AT carriers of rs9939609 (FTO) and AA carriers of rs1042713 (ADRB2) had higher risk of earlier exceeding GWG compared to TT (aHR 2.44; CI 95% 1.03-5.78; p = 0.04) and GG (aHR 3.91; CI 95% 1.12-13.70; p = 0.03) genotypes, respectively, as the AG carriers for FTO haplotype rs9939609:rs17817449 compared to TT carriers (aHR 1.79; CI 95% 1.04-3.06; p = 0.02).

Impact of Carbohydrate Counting Method during Pregnancy in Women with Pregestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Controlled Clinical Trial / Impacto do método de contagem de carboidratos em gestantes com diabetes mellitus prévio: Um ensaio clínico controlado

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effect of the carbohydrate counting method (CCM) on glycemic control,maternal, and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with pregestational diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods Nonrandomized controlled clinical trial performed with 89 pregnant women who had pregestational DMand received prenatal care in a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between 2009 and 2014, subdivided into historic control group and intervention group, not simultaneous. The intervention group (n=51) received nutritional guidance from the carbohydrate counting method (CCM), and the historical control group (n=38), was guided by the traditionalmethod (TM). The Mann-Whitney test or the Wilcoxon test were used to compare intra- and intergroup outcomes andanalysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures, corrected by the Bonferroni post-hoc test,was used to assess postprandial blood glucose. Results Only the CCM group showed a reduction in fasting blood glucose. Postprandial blood glucose decreased in the 2nd (p=0.00) and 3rd (p=0.00) gestational trimester in the CCM group, while in the TM group the reduction occurred only in the 2nd trimester (p=0.015). For perinatal outcomes and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, there were no differences between groups. Cesarean delivery was performed in 82% of the pregnant women and was associated with hypertensive disorders (gestational hypertension or pre-eclampsia; p=0.047). Conclusion Both methods of nutritional guidance contributed to the reduction of postprandial glycemia of women and no differences were observed for maternal and perinatal outcomes. However, CCM had a better effect on postprandial glycemia and only this method contributed to reducing fasting blood glucose throughout the intervention. ReBEC Clinical Trials Database The present study was registered in the ReBEC Clinical Trials Database (Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos, number RBR-524z9n).

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o efeito do método de contagem de carboidratos no controle glicêmico, desfechos maternos e perinatais de gestantes com diabetes mellitus (DM) pré-gestacional. Métodos Ensaio clínico controlado não randomizado realizado com 89 gestantes com DM pré-gestacional atendidas em hospital público do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, entre 2009 e 2014, divididas emgrupo controle histórico e grupo intervenção. O grupo intervenção (n=51) recebeu orientação nutricional combase nométodo de contagem de carboidratos (CCM) e o grupo controle histórico (n=38) foi orientado pelo método tradicional (MT). Os testes de Mann-Whitney ou de Wilcoxon foram usados para comparar os desfechos intra- e intergrupos e, para avaliar a glicemia pós-prandial, análise de variância (ANOVA, na sigla em inglês) para medidas repetidas foi usada. Resultados Somente o grupo com método CCM apresentou redução da glicemia de jejum. A glicemia pós-prandial diminuiu no 2° (p=0,00) e 3° (p=0,00) trimestres gestacionais no grupo com método CCM, e no grupo com método tradicional, a redução ocorreu apenas no 2° trimestre (p=0,015). Para os resultados perinatais e distúrbios hipertensivos da gravidez, não houve diferenças entre os grupos. O parto cirúrgico foi realizado em 82% das gestantes e esteve associado a distúrbios hipertensivos gestacionais (p=0,047). Conclusão Ambos osmétodos de orientação nutricional contribuírampara a redução da glicemia pós-prandial e não foram observadas diferenças para os resultados maternos e perinatais. No entanto, o método CCM apresentou melhor efeito sobre a glicemia pós-prandial e foi o único que induziu redução da glicemia de jejum.

Impact of Carbohydrate Counting Method during Pregnancy in Women with Pregestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Controlled Clinical Trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of the carbohydrate counting method (CCM) on glycemic control, maternal, and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with pregestational diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS: Nonrandomized controlled clinical trial performed with 89 pregnant women who had pregestational DM and received prenatal care in a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between 2009 and 2014, subdivided into historic control group and intervention group, not simultaneous. The intervention group (n = 51) received nutritional guidance from the carbohydrate counting method (CCM), and the historical control group (n = 38), was guided by the traditional method (TM). The Mann-Whitney test or the Wilcoxon test were used to compare intra- and intergroup outcomes and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures, corrected by the Bonferroni post-hoc test, was used to assess postprandial blood glucose. RESULTS: Only the CCM group showed a reduction in fasting blood glucose. Postprandial blood glucose decreased in the 2nd (p = 0.00) and 3rd (p = 0.00) gestational trimester in the CCM group, while in the TM group the reduction occurred only in the 2nd trimester (p = 0.015). For perinatal outcomes and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, there were no differences between groups. Cesarean delivery was performed in 82% of the pregnant women and was associated with hypertensive disorders (gestational hypertension or pre-eclampsia; p = 0.047). CONCLUSION: Both methods of nutritional guidance contributed to the reduction of postprandial glycemia of women and no differences were observed for maternal and perinatal outcomes. However, CCM had a better effect on postprandial glycemia and only this method contributed to reducing fasting blood glucose throughout the intervention. REBEC CLINICAL TRIALS DATABASE: The present study was registered in the ReBEC Clinical Trials Database (Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos, number RBR-524z9n).

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito do método de contagem de carboidratos no controle glicêmico, desfechos maternos e perinatais de gestantes com diabetes mellitus (DM) pré-gestacional. MéTODOS: Ensaio clínico controlado não randomizado realizado com 89 gestantes com DM pré-gestacional atendidas em hospital público do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, entre 2009 e 2014, divididas em grupo controle histórico e grupo intervenção. O grupo intervenção (n = 51) recebeu orientação nutricional com base no método de contagem de carboidratos (CCM) e o grupo controle histórico (n = 38) foi orientado pelo método tradicional (MT). Os testes de Mann-Whitney ou de Wilcoxon foram usados para comparar os desfechos intra- e intergrupos e, para avaliar a glicemia pós-prandial, análise de variância (ANOVA, na sigla em inglês) para medidas repetidas foi usada. RESULTADOS: Somente o grupo com método CCM apresentou redução da glicemia de jejum. A glicemia pós-prandial diminuiu no 2° (p = 0,00) e 3° (p = 0,00) trimestres gestacionais no grupo com método CCM, e no grupo com método tradicional, a redução ocorreu apenas no 2° trimestre (p = 0,015). Para os resultados perinatais e distúrbios hipertensivos da gravidez, não houve diferenças entre os grupos. O parto cirúrgico foi realizado em 82% das gestantes e esteve associado a distúrbios hipertensivos gestacionais (p = 0,047). CONCLUSãO: Ambos os métodos de orientação nutricional contribuíram para a redução da glicemia pós-prandial e não foram observadas diferenças para os resultados maternos e perinatais. No entanto, o método CCM apresentou melhor efeito sobre a glicemia pós-prandial e foi o único que induziu redução da glicemia de jejum.

Impact of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on glycaemic control and consumption of processed and ultraprocessed foods in pregnant women with pre-gestational diabetes mellitus: a randomised clinical trial.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on glycaemic control and consumption of processed (PF) and ultraprocessed (UPF) foods in pregnant women with pre-gestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM). This is a randomised, controlled, single-blind clinical trial with forty-nine adult women with PGDM, followed at a public maternity hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The control group (CG) received a standard diet consisting of 45-55 % of the total energy intake of carbohydrates, 15-20 % of proteins and 25-30 % of lipids. The DASH group (DG) received an adapted DASH diet, which did not differ from the standard diet in the percentage of macronutrients, but had higher contents of fibre, unsaturated fats and minerals such as Ca, Mg and K; and lower contents of Na and saturated fats than the standard diet. In the analysis by protocol, the DG presented a higher incidence of glycaemic control after 12 weeks of intervention (57·1 v. 8·3 %, P = 0·01, moderate effect size) and a lower mean consumption of UPF (-9·9 %, P = 0·01) compared with the CG. There was no statistically significant difference in fasting and postprandial blood glucose concentrations, or in the consumption of PF between the groups (P > 0·05). The DASH diet may be a strategy for glycaemic control in pregnant women with PGDM, favouring the adoption of a nutritionally adequate diet with lower consumption of UPF. Further studies are needed to investigate the effect of the DASH diet on glycaemic profile, and maternal and perinatal outcomes in women with PGDM.

Adaptation of DASH diet (Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension) for postpartum nutritional care at primary healthcare. / Adaptação da dieta DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) para cuidado nutricional no período pós-parto, no âmbito da Atenção Básica.

INTRODUCTION: Postpartum weight retention has been found to predict obesity. However, in Brazil, there's no national strategy for nutritional care of postpartum woman. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to adapt DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) for nutritional counseling of postpartum woman, at primary healthcare. METHOD: Methodological study, carried out in 2016, at low-income urban neighborhood in the city of Rio de Janeiro. It was developed in four steps: translation, food and food groups adaptation, identification of geographic and economic access to food and viability evaluation. RESULTS: The food groups of original diet were structured to Brazilian dietary pattern. After viability analysis, it was observed that the geographical access of food should be accounted to enable greater adherence. A qualitative and illustrated meal plan was elaborated for nutritional counseling. CONCLUSION: The adapted DASH diet for nutritional care of postpartum woman seems to be according to the Brazilian dietary pattern, maintaining nutritional characteristics that provide the health benefits previously demonstrated. Currently, it's being used in interventional study in two primary healthcare unities at the city of Rio de Janeiro.

INTRODUÇÃO: A retenção de peso pós-parto é fator preditor para desenvolvimento de obesidade. Entretanto, não existe um protocolo para o cuidado nutricional de mulheres no período pós-parto, no Brasil. OBJETIVO: Este estudo teve por objetivo adaptar a dieta Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) para orientação nutricional de mulheres no período pós-parto, no âmbito da Atenção Básica. MÉTODO: Estudo metodológico, desenvolvido em 2016, em uma comunidade do Rio de Janeiro. Foi constituído de quatro etapas: tradução, adaptação dos alimentos e grupos alimentares, identificação de acessibilidade geográfica e financeira e avaliação da viabilidade. RESULTADOS: Os grupos de alimentos da dieta original foram estruturados para o padrão brasileiro de consumo. Após avaliação da viabilidade da proposta, observou-se que a orientação deve ser direcionada de forma compatível com a realidade local, para que seja possibilitada maior adesão. Para orientação nutricional, foi elaborado um plano alimentar qualitativo e ilustrado. CONCLUSÃO: A adaptação da dieta DASH para cuidado nutricional de mulheres no período pós-parto parece estar de acordo com o padrão alimentar brasileiro, mantendo as características nutricionais que lhe imputam os benefícios à saúde previamente estudados. Atualmente, está sendo utilizada em estudo de intervenção realizado em dois Serviços de Atenção Básica do município do Rio de Janeiro.

Adaptação da dieta DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) para cuidado nutricional no período pós-parto, no âmbito da Atenção Básica / Adaptation of DASH diet (Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension) for postpartum nutritional care at primary healthcare

Resumo: Introdução: A retenção de peso pós-parto é fator preditor para desenvolvimento de obesidade. Entretanto, não existe um protocolo para o cuidado nutricional de mulheres no período pós-parto, no Brasil. Objetivo: Este estudo teve por objetivo adaptar a dieta Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) para orientação nutricional de mulheres no período pós-parto, no âmbito da Atenção Básica. Método: Estudo metodológico, desenvolvido em 2016, em uma comunidade do Rio de Janeiro. Foi constituído de quatro etapas: tradução, adaptação dos alimentos e grupos alimentares, identificação de acessibilidade geográfica e financeira e avaliação da viabilidade. Resultados: Os grupos de alimentos da dieta original foram estruturados para o padrão brasileiro de consumo. Após avaliação da viabilidade da proposta, observou-se que a orientação deve ser direcionada de forma compatível com a realidade local, para que seja possibilitada maior adesão. Para orientação nutricional, foi elaborado um plano alimentar qualitativo e ilustrado. Conclusão: A adaptação da dieta DASH para cuidado nutricional de mulheres no período pós-parto parece estar de acordo com o padrão alimentar brasileiro, mantendo as características nutricionais que lhe imputam os benefícios à saúde previamente estudados. Atualmente, está sendo utilizada em estudo de intervenção realizado em dois Serviços de Atenção Básica do município do Rio de Janeiro.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Postpartum weight retention has been found to predict obesity. However, in Brazil, there's no national strategy for nutritional care of postpartum woman. Objective: This study aimed to adapt DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) for nutritional counseling of postpartum woman, at primary healthcare. Method: Methodological study, carried out in 2016, at low-income urban neighborhood in the city of Rio de Janeiro. It was developed in four steps: translation, food and food groups adaptation, identification of geographic and economic access to food and viability evaluation. Results: The food groups of original diet were structured to Brazilian dietary pattern. After viability analysis, it was observed that the geographical access of food should be accounted to enable greater adherence. A qualitative and illustrated meal plan was elaborated for nutritional counseling. Conclusion: The adapted DASH diet for nutritional care of postpartum woman seems to be according to the Brazilian dietary pattern, maintaining nutritional characteristics that provide the health benefits previously demonstrated. Currently, it's being used in interventional study in two primary healthcare unities at the city of Rio de Janeiro.

Determinants of low birth weight in the children of adolescent mothers: a hierarchical analysis. / Determinantes do baixo peso ao nascer em filhos de adolescentes: uma análise hierarquizada.

This study aimed to identify the determinants of low birth weight (LBW) amongst children of adolescent mothers through a hierarchical approach in a cross-sectional study of 751 adolescents attended at a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Sociodemographic data, prenatal care, and biological and maternal obstetric conditions were analyzed. Possible determinants of LBW were identified in the bivariate analysis and then hierarchical logistic regression models were tested, considering as taggered hierarchy of distal, intermediate, and proximal levels. Variables with p < 0.05 at each level of analysis were kept in the model, and the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated. The prevalence of low birth weight was 10%. The determinants of LBW were: distal level - non-acceptance of pregnancy (OR = 10.19, 95% CI = 1.09 to 39.53); intermediate level - having fewer than six prenatal consultations (OR = 4.29; 95% CI = 1.55 to 11.83) and not having standardized nutritional care (OR = 3.18; 95% CI = 1.18 to 8.55); and proximal level - preterm delivery (OR = 10.19, 95% CI = 2.12 to 49.01). The determinants of LBW were maternal characteristics, prenatal care, and birth conditions, which contain certain modifiable social characteristics.

Objetivou-se identificar os determinantes do baixo peso ao nascer - BPN, em filhos de adolescentes por meio de abordagem hierarquizada. Estudo transversal com 751 adolescentes atendidas em maternidade pública do Rio de Janeiro. Foram analisados dados sociodemográficos, da assistência pré-natal, condições biológicas e obstétricas maternas. Os possíveis determinantes do BPN foram identificados na análise bivariada e a seguir foram testados modelos de regressão logística hierarquizada, considerando o escalonamento hierarquizado em níveis distal, intermediário e proximal. Permaneceram no modelo as variáveis com valor de p < 0,05 em cada nível de análise e estimou-se as odds ratio (OR) ajustadas e intervalos de confiança (IC) de 95%. A prevalência de BPN foi de 10%. Os determinantes do BPN foram: nível distal - a não aceitação da gravidez (OR = 10,19; IC 95% = 1,09-39,53); nível intermediário - ter menos de seis consultas de pré-natal (OR = 4,29; IC 95% = 1,55-11,83), não ter assistência nutricional padronizada (OR = 3,18; IC 95% = 1,18-8,55); nível proximal ­ parto prematuro (OR = 10,19; IC 95% = 2,12-49,01). Os determinantes do BPN foram características maternas, da assistência pré-natal e condições ao nascer e, dentre estes fatores, temos características sociais modificáveis.

Determinantes do baixo peso ao nascer em filhos de adolescentes: uma análise hierarquizada / Determinants of low birth weight in the children of adolescent mothers: a hierarchical analysis

Resumo Objetivou-se identificar os determinantes do baixo peso ao nascer - BPN, em filhos de adolescentes por meio de abordagem hierarquizada. Estudo transversal com 751 adolescentes atendidas em maternidade pública do Rio de Janeiro. Foram analisados dados sociodemográficos, da assistência pré-natal, condições biológicas e obstétricas maternas. Os possíveis determinantes do BPN foram identificados na análise bivariada e a seguir foram testados modelos de regressão logística hierarquizada, considerando o escalonamento hierarquizado em níveis distal, intermediário e proximal. Permaneceram no modelo as variáveis com valor de p < 0,05 em cada nível de análise e estimou-se as odds ratio (OR) ajustadas e intervalos de confiança (IC) de 95%. A prevalência de BPN foi de 10%. Os determinantes do BPN foram: nível distal - a não aceitação da gravidez (OR = 10,19; IC 95% = 1,09-39,53); nível intermediário - ter menos de seis consultas de pré-natal (OR = 4,29; IC 95% = 1,55-11,83), não ter assistência nutricional padronizada (OR = 3,18; IC 95% = 1,18-8,55); nível proximal - parto prematuro (OR = 10,19; IC 95% = 2,12-49,01). Os determinantes do BPN foram características maternas, da assistência pré-natal e condições ao nascer e, dentre estes fatores, temos características sociais modificáveis.

Abstract This study aimed to identify the determinants of low birth weight (LBW) amongst children of adolescent mothers through a hierarchical approach in a cross-sectional study of 751 adolescents attended at a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Sociodemographic data, prenatal care, and biological and maternal obstetric conditions were analyzed. Possible determinants of LBW were identified in the bivariate analysis and then hierarchical logistic regression models were tested, considering as taggered hierarchy of distal, intermediate, and proximal levels. Variables with p < 0.05 at each level of analysis were kept in the model, and the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated. The prevalence of low birth weight was 10%. The determinants of LBW were: distal level - non-acceptance of pregnancy (OR = 10.19, 95% CI = 1.09 to 39.53); intermediate level - having fewer than six prenatal consultations (OR = 4.29; 95% CI = 1.55 to 11.83) and not having standardized nutritional care (OR = 3.18; 95% CI = 1.18 to 8.55); and proximal level - preterm delivery (OR = 10.19, 95% CI = 2.12 to 49.01). The determinants of LBW were maternal characteristics, prenatal care, and birth conditions, which contain certain modifiable social characteristics.

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in women with gestational diabetes mellitus from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Pregnant women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) have a greater chance of developing Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (HDP) by the effect of insulin resistance in nitric oxide action.This study aims to describe factors associated with the development of HDP in pregnant women with GDM, assisted in a public maternity hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study including 292 pregnant adult women with GDM assisted at Maternidade Escola of the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. The women were examined during pregnancy and postpartum. Data were collected between 2011 and 2014 from medical records and through in-person interviews. The Student t-test and the chi-square test were applied; additionally, the magnitude of the association between independents variables and HDP was estimated by logistic regression models. The occurrence of HDP was observed in 19.5% (n=57) of the evaluated women: 9.2% had pregnancy hypertension and 10.3% had preeclampsia. The chance of HDP was higher among women with GDM in a previous pregnancy (Odds Ratio-OR=3.8; Confidence Interval of 95%-95% CI: 1.1; 12.8) and among those who were 35 years old or older (OR 3.3; 95% CI: 1.2; 8.7) after controlling the effects of pre-gestational weight and dietary ingestion of calcium, riboflavin, thiamine, vitamin A and protein. Women that had any alteration in blood pressure in a previous pregnancy and those over 35 years old were under higher risk of HDP. The findings may help in the design of interventions aiming to prevent HDP in adult women.

[Temporal evolution of anemia prevalence in pregnant adolescents of a public maternity of Rio de Janeiro]. / Evolução temporal da prevalência de anemia em adolescentes grávidas de uma maternidade pública do Rio de Janeiro.

PURPOSE: To describe the evolution of the prevalence of anemia in pregnant adolescents attended at a public maternity in the city of Rio de Janeiro from 2004 to 2013. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study with 628 pregnant/postpartum women divided into 3 groups: Group A (2004-2006), Group B (2007-2010) and Group C (2013). Information about anthropometric, clinical, sociodemographic data and obstetric and prenatal care of adolescents was obtained from medical records of the pregnant women. A hemoglobin concentration n<11 g/dL was considered to be anemia. Data were analyzed statistically by the chi-square test, Student's t-test and ANOVA, and the post hoc Tukey test. RESULTS: The prevalence of gestational anemia over the years was 43% (GA=138), 36% (GB=80) and 47.1% (GC=40) and the overall prevalence for the 2004-2013 period was 41.1% (n=258). The occurrence of anemic pregnant women increased with the progression of pregnancy; however, in the 3rd quarter there was a decrease in the prevalence of anemia in GB (29.3%) compared to GA (38.7%; p=0.04). Factors associated with anemia were number of prenatal visits and prenatal nutritional assistance, place of residence, pre-pregnancy BMI, and gestational weight gain. CONCLUSION: The results showed that the prevalence of anemia among pregnant adolescents seen at a public maternity is high. There was no reduction of anemia during the study period and other factors in addition to iron deficiency were involved in the genesis of anemia in this population.

Evolução temporal da prevalência de anemia em adolescentes grávidas de uma maternidade pública do Rio de Janeiro / Temporal evolution of anemia prevalence in pregnant adolescents of a public maternity of Rio de Janeiro

OBJETIVO: Descrever a evolução temporal da prevalência de anemia em adolescentes grávidas atendidas em uma maternidade pública do município do Rio de Janeiro no período de 2004 a 2013. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo analítico transversal retrospectivo com 628 gestantes/puérperas adolescentes, distribuídas em 3 grupos distintos: Grupo A (2004 a 2006), Grupo B (2007 a 2010) e Grupo C (2013). Informações relativas às características antropométricas, clínicas, sociodemográficas, obstétricas e da assistência pré-natal das adolescentes foram obtidas dos prontuários das gestantes. A concentração de hemoglobina (Hb) <11 g/dL foi considerada como anemia. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio dos testes do χ2, t de Student e ANOVA, e o post hoc adotado foi o Tukey. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de anemia gestacional ao longo dos anos foi de 43% (GA=138), 36% (GB=80) e 47,1% (GC=40), e no período de 2004 a 2013 foi de 41,1% (n=258). A ocorrência de gestantes anêmicas aumentou com a evolução da gravidez; contudo, no 3º trimestre foi observada uma redução da prevalência de anemia no GB (29,3%) em relação ao GA (38,7%; p=0,04). Os fatores associados à anemia foram número de consultas de pré-natal e da assistência nutricional pré-natal, local de moradia, estado nutricional nos períodos pré-gestacional e gestacional. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados sugerem que a prevalência de anemia em adolescentes grávidas atendidas na referida maternidade foi alta. Não foi verificada redução da anemia ao longo do período estudado, e na gênese da anemia nessa população outros fatores estão associados, além da própria deficiência de ferro. .

PURPOSE: To describe the evolution of the prevalence of anemia in pregnant adolescents attended at a public maternity in the city of Rio de Janeiro from 2004 to 2013. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study with 628 pregnant/postpartum women divided into 3 groups: Group A (2004-2006), Group B (2007-2010) and Group C (2013). Information about anthropometric, clinical, sociodemographic data and obstetric and prenatal care of adolescents was obtained from medical records of the pregnant women. A hemoglobin concentration n<11 g/dL was considered to be anemia. Data were analyzed statistically by the chi-square test, Student's t-test and ANOVA, and the post hoc Tukey test. RESULTS: The prevalence of gestational anemia over the years was 43% (GA=138), 36% (GB=80) and 47.1% (GC=40) and the overall prevalence for the 2004-2013 period was 41.1% (n=258). The occurrence of anemic pregnant women increased with the progression of pregnancy; however, in the 3rd quarter there was a decrease in the prevalence of anemia in GB (29.3%) compared to GA (38.7%; p=0.04). Factors associated with anemia were number of prenatal visits and prenatal nutritional assistance, place of residence, pre-pregnancy BMI, and gestational weight gain. CONCLUSION: The results showed that the prevalence of anemia among pregnant adolescents seen at a public maternity is high. There was no reduction of anemia during the study period and other factors in addition to iron deficiency were involved in the genesis of anemia in this population. .