Zika virus-induced neurological critical illness in Latin America: Severe Guillain-Barre Syndrome and encephalitis.

Zika virus (ZIKAV) is classically described as causing minor symptoms in adult patients, however neurologic complications have been recognized. The recent outbreak in Central and South America has resulted in serious illness in some adult patients. We report adult patients in Latin America diagnosed with ZIKAV infection admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICUs). METHODS: Multicenter, prospective case series of adult patients with laboratory diagnosis of ZIKAV in 16 ICUs in 8 countries. RESULTS: Between December 1st 2015 and April 2nd 2016, 16 ICUs in 8 countries enrolled 49 critically ill patients with diagnosis of ZIKAV infection. We included 10 critically ill patients with ZIKAV infection, as diagnosed with RT-PCR, admitted to the ICU. Neurologic manifestations concordant with Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) were present in all patients, although 2 evolved into an encephalitis-like picture. 2 cases died, one due to encephalitis, the other septic shock. CONCLUSIONS: Differing from what was usually reported, ZIKAV infection can result in life-threatening neurologic illness in adults, including GBS and encephalitis. Collaborative reporting to identify severe illness from an emerging pathogen can provide valuable insights into disease epidemiology and clinical presentation, and inform public health authorities about acute care priorities.

Incidentes críticos em anestesia no Uruguai - dez anos após: estudo comparativo (1990-2000) / Critical anesthetic incidents in Uruguay - ten years after: comparative study (1990-2000)

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Descreve-se uma pesquisa sobre Incidentes Críticos (IC) em Anestesia. Os resultados encontrados em 2000 são comparados aos de 1990, na busca de variações de padrão de IC ao longo da década. MÉTODO: Foram utilizados 2 formulários diferentes. No primeiro (F1), constava uma lista pré-determinada de incidentes críticos para que os pesquisados apontassem com quais tinham tido algum tipo de contato para o estudo de freqüência relativa de cada incidente. No segundo (F2), solicitava-se a descrição de um incidente em particular, a critério do pesquisado. RESULTADOS: No F1 de 2000, foram assinalados 9.482 IC, em que os 13 mais freqüentes constituíram 50 por cento de todas as ocorrências do período. Os resultados foram muito similares aos de 1990, já que dentre os mais freqüentes, 9 repetem-se em ambas as investigações. Os incidentes que alcançaram os primeiro e segundo lugares também se repetem: intubação difícil e disritmia cardíaca. Em F2 foram descritos 20 por cento de IC com conseqüência mortal. Cinqüenta e quatro por cento das mortes deveram-se a 5 IC: parada cardíaca inesperada, tromboembolismo pulmonar, infarto agudo de miocárdio, aspiração de vômito e choque hipovolêmico. Quarenta e seis por cento dos IC foram de origem respiratória e 24 por cento tiveram origem hemodinâmica. Destaca-se um aumento significativo de IC na recuperação e no pós-operatório imediato. A observação clínica do paciente foi responsável pela detecção de 63 por cento dos IC. Comprova-se um aumento substancial dos IC relatados como imprevisíveis. CONCLUSÕES: Manteve-se a diversidade de incidentes críticos com diminuição dos fenômenos respiratórios. Este segue sendo o grupo mais freqüente. Há uma clara redução dos acidentes graves hipóxicos vinculados à intubação esofágica e óxido nitroso como gás único. Manteve-se a gravidade dos incidências hemodinâmicos.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A survey of Critical Incidents (CI) in Anesthesia is described. Year 2000 results are compared to those obtained in 1990 in search for CI pattern changes throughout this decade. METHODS: Two different forms were used: the first, F1, was a list of predetermined CI to determine the relative frequency of each incident. The second, F2, requested the description of a specific incident chosen by the respondent. RESULTS: In F1 forms, 9482 CI were recorded and the 13 most frequent CI accounted for 50% of events. Results were very similar to those found in 1990, since among the most frequent, 9 CI were repeated in both surveys. First and second most common incidents were also repeated: difficult intubation and arrhythmias. In form F2, 20% of CI had fatal consequences. Five CI accounted for 54% of deaths were due to 5 CI: unexpected cardiac arrest, pulmonary thromboembolism, acute myocardial infarction, vomiting aspiration and hypovolemic shock. Respiratory incidents accounted for 46% of CI, and 24% were due to hemodynamic causes. It is to be noted a significant CI increase during recovery and in the immediate postoperative period. Patients’ clinical observation accounted for 63% CI detection. A substantial increase in unpredictable events has been identified. CONCLUSIONS: CI diversity was maintained with decreased respiratory events, although these are still the most frequent. There is a sharp decrease in severe hypoxia accidents related to esophageal intubation and nitrous oxide as single gas. Hemodynamic incidents severity was maintained.

JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: Se describe la investigación sobre Incidentes Criticos en anestesia. Se compararon los resultados actuales con los de 1990, buscando cambios en el patrón de IC a lo largo de esta década. MÉTODO: Se utilizaron 2 formulários distintos: El primero (F1) constaba de un listado predeterminado de IC para el estudio de la frecuencia relativa de cada incidente, y el segundo (F2) pedía la descripción de un incidente en particular, a elección del encuestado. RESULTADOS: En el F1 se señalaron 9482 IC, los 13 IC más frecuentes dan cuenta del 50 % de todos los ocurridos en el período. Los resultados son muy similares a los de 1990, ya que entre los más frecuentes, 9 de ellos se repiten en ambas encuestas, y tanto el primero como el segundo lugar también se repiten: Intubación dificultosa y disritmias. En el F2 se describieron un 20 % de IC con consecuencia mortal. El 54% de las muertes se debieron a 5 IC: paro cardíaco inopinado, tromboembolismo pulmonar, infarto agudo de miocardio, aspiración de vómito, y shock hipovolémico. El 46% de los IC fueron de origen respiratorio y el 24% hemodinámicos. Se destaca un incremento significativo de IC en el despertar y postoperatorio inmediato. En el 63% de los casos la detección del IC se debió a la observación clínica del paciente. Se comprueba un incremento sustancial de los IC relatados como imprevisibles. CONCLUSIONES: se mantiene la diversidad de IC con disminución de los fenómenos respiratorios. Este igualmente sigue siendo el grupo más frecuente. Hay una clara reducción de los accidentes graves hipóxicos vinculados a Intubación esofágica y Protóxido como gas único, y se mantiene la gravedad de los incidentes hemodinámicos.

[Critical anesthetic incidents in Uruguay - ten years after: comparative study (1990-2000).]. / Incidentes críticos em anestesia no Uruguai - dez anos após: estudo comparativo (1990-2000).

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A survey of Critical Incidents (CI) in Anesthesia is described. Year 2000 results are compared to those obtained in 1990 in search for CI pattern changes throughout this decade. METHODS: Two different forms were used: the first, F1, was a list of predetermined CI to determine the relative frequency of each incident. The second, F2, requested the description of a specific incident chosen by the respondent. RESULTS: In F1 forms, 9482 CI were recorded and the 13 most frequent CI accounted for 50% of events. Results were very similar to those found in 1990, since among the most frequent, 9 CI were repeated in both surveys. First and second most common incidents were also repeated: difficult intubation and arrhythmias. In form F2, 20% of CI had fatal consequences. Five CI accounted for 54% of deaths were due to 5 CI: unexpected cardiac arrest, pulmonary thromboembolism, acute myocardial infarction, vomiting aspiration and hypovolemic shock. Respiratory incidents accounted for 46% of CI, and 24% were due to hemodynamic causes. It is to be noted a significant CI increase during recovery and in the immediate postoperative period. Patients clinical observation accounted for 63% CI detection. A substantial increase in unpredictable events has been identified. CONCLUSIONS: CI diversity was maintained with decreased respiratory events, although these are still the most frequent. There is a sharp decrease in severe hypoxia accidents related to esophageal intubation and nitrous oxide as single gas. Hemodynamic incidents severity was maintained.