[The beginning of teaching forensic medicine in Russia]. / Nachalo prepodavaniya sudebnoi meditsiny v Rossii.

Issues related to the beginning of teaching forensic medicine in Russia, the date of foundation of the first department and the emergence of the first professors of forensic medicine are considered. We studied publications on forensic medicine of the 18th-19th centuries, the work of authoritative researchers in the history of medicine of this period. Study methods: systemic, comparative historical, analytical. An original periodization of the formation of the teaching of forensic medicine in Russia is proposed. The first period (since 1707) is the universal period of hospital schools; without isolation of forensic medicine as a separate medical discipline. The second period (from 1765) is the course period; the one of primary university education and hospital schools, or the initial isolation of forensic medicine. The third period (1798-1805) - the departmental period; the one of academic and university education, or the completion of the separation of forensic medicine. The names of the first domestic forensic professors who taught it as a separate medical discipline are established: Francis Keresturi, Johann Conradi, Johann Ringebroig, the first adjunct professors: Gabriel Popov Grigory Sukharev. It was confirmed that the first department of forensic medicine in Russia was the Department of Matter of Medicine and Forensic Medical Science of the St. Petersburg Medical and Surgical Academy, formed in 1798. The first head of the department was Professor Johann Ringebroig.

[Ergometric evaluation of impact strength that lead to skull fracture: features of individual methods, typical expert mistakes and methods of their prevention]. / Érgometricheskaia otsenka sily udara, povlekshego perelom cherepa: osobennosti chastnykh metodik, tipichnye ékspertnye oshibki i sposoby ikh predotvrashcheniia.

Two current approaches to the ergometric evaluation of the impact strength that lead to skull fracture are described. Within each of them, the features of particular techniques, typical expert errors, ways and means of preventing them are analyzed. Quantitative data on the contribution of various initial parameters (fracture type, age, bone thickness, skull radius of curvature, body weight, height, etc.) to the result of computational diagnostics are presented.

[Occurrence of a lethal outcome due to iatrogenic damage of an intercostal vessel during a pleural puncture procedure]. / Nastuplenie letal'nogo iskhoda vsledstvie iatrogennogo povrezhdeniia vetvi mezhrebernoi arterii pri provedenii plevral'noi punktsii.

A rare case of a lethal outcome due to iatrogenic damage to the intercostal vessel, a collateral branch of the posterior intercostal artery, is described. The little-known features of the topography of this vessel (location on the upper edge of the underlying rib), which requires further study in the context of variable anatomy, are given. The risks associated with deviations from the traditionally recommended sites of pleural puncture (below the eighth intercostal space to the scapular line) are substantiated. An analysis of the characteristics of bleeding arising from the intercostal vessels (from two ends, under high pressure, etc.) is given, which implies the extreme importance of a timely diagnosis. Differing points of view on the legal assessment of malpractice when care is delivered by a series of doctors, and the legal necessity of determining the 'point of no return' (the latest moment after the onset of bleeding, in which medical aid can still prevent an unfavorable outcome), are considered. An opinion is expressed on the need for the active participation (initiative) of an expert in the provision of expertise.

[The infarction or the traumatic rupture of the spleen?] / Infarkt ili travmaticheskii razryv selezenki?

The clinical observation reported in the present article is of special interest for the forensic medical experts taking into consideration the rare occurrence of infarction of the spleen in the medical legal practice. More comprehensive detailed information about such cases is needed for their thorough in-depth investigation and systematization of the differential diagnostic signs and clinical manifestations of the injury (rupture of the spleen) and pathology of the organ (infarction) for the purpose of the more reliable differentiation between these conditions, creation of the relevant diagnostic database, formulation of more conclusive recommendations, and their better substantiation.

[The general characteristic of abdominal injuries inflicted by a blow of an unarmed man].

The experience gained in the course of the many-year forensic medical practice as regards abdominal injuries caused by a blow of an unarmed man is described. The data on the occurrence and frequency of different variants of such injuries are presented. Their morphological features are considered in much detail. The relationship between the nature of the injurious factor (the part of the human body with which a given injury was inflicted) and the character of the traumas. It is concluded that these data should be taken into account when resolving forensic medical problems related to the possibility of formation of an abdominal injury inflicted by a blow of an unarmed man.

[Estimation of health damage caused by burns].

In the article were considered peculiarities of the estimation of damage weight to the health in conditions of ambustion affects. Also in the article was shown the actuality and practicability of elaboration of qualifying features of ambustion affects for purposes of medicolegal investigation.