Vein wall thickness and severity of pulmonary involvement due to sars n-cov2 virus infection.

BACKGROUND: An observational study involving patients recovered from COVID-19 was conducted in order to evaluate the presence/absence of vein wall thickness increasing, according to the severity of pulmonary involvement quantified with a CT-scoring system. METHODS: The venous wall thickness (VWT) of 31 patients (23 males and 8 females) with COVID 19 previously admitted to Federico II University Hospital of Naples was evaluated through ultrasound measurement of the common femoral Vein 1 cm proximal to the saphenous-femoral junction and the popliteal Vein 1 cm distal to the confluence of gemellary veins. Measurements were taken with an automated tool to avoid human error. All patients were evaluated in the supine position. Patients were then stratified into two groups, VWT > 1 mm and VWT < 1 mm. Lung damage was assessed through thoracic High Resolution Computer Tomography and subsequently quantified using the scoring system set out by Chung et al. CEAP-C class was calculated for all patients. RESULTS: The mean value of COVID score in VWT > 1 mm group was 7.4 (S.D. 4.83), whilst the mean value of the COVID score in the VWT < 1 mm group was 3.82 (S.D 3.34). These findings were determined to be statistically significant in a two-tie Student-T test. The linear regression test between VWT and Covid score values demonstrated a direct relationship between the two variables. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate a link between two different aspects of the pathological effects on the vessels during a SARS-COV 2 infection. As such a common primum movens can be hypothesized in both micro-thrombotic and inflammatory processes relating to COVID 19.

Minimally invasive ileocecal valve resection in ileocecal Crohn's disease.

AIM: Considering ileocolic resection as a surgical standard for the treatment of ileocecal valve Crohn's disease, we propose a limited resection of the terminal ileum and ileocecal valve with ileocecal anastomosis. MATERIAL OF STUDY: Three patiens between 20 and 37 years of age, diagnosed with Crohn's disease unresponsive to medical therapy, who have stenoses or fissures confined to the terminal ileum and ileocecal valve, seen during instrumental investigations. RESULTS: The proposed procedure allowed us to perform a minimal resection and reconstruction of a new ileocecal valve. Once the symptoms have resolved, at endoscopic follow ups, at 6 and 12 months after surgery, there were no changes in the mucosa of the ileocecal neo-anastomosis. DISCUSSION: Since Crohn's disease is a systemic disease with a chronic relapsing course complicated by a high rate of post-surgical relapses, it is essential to limit the extension of resections to the macroscopically involved tissues and reduce the anastomotic surfaces. The proposed surgical procedure allows to preserve the caecum and the colon with an optimal postoperative course. CONCLUSION: We believe that, with specific clinical and endoscopic conditions, the treatment we illustrated can be proposed to other patients as an alternative to the standard VL ileocolic resection. KEY WORDS: Crohn's Disease, Ileocaecal Valve, Ileocaecal Anastomosis.

Adrenocortical carcinoma: what the surgeon needs to know. Case report and literature review.

Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare and aggressive cancer and its prognosis is frequently unsatisfactory. Due to its rarity there's a lack of prospective randomized studies. Without experience in the approach of this kind of tumor, managing becomes challenging and, moreover, we have only few recommendations, based on weak evidence. We report a case that has some peculiarities and is an excellent food for thought. Then we deal with a literature review to highlight and summarize most significant aspects of epidemiology, clinic, diagnosis, therapy and prognosis in an exquisitely surgical point of view.

TEM in the treatment of recurrent rectal cancer in elderly.

INTRODUCTION: Transanal microscopic surgery is an important application of minimally invasive surgery of rectum, allowing realization of complex transanal intervention. PATIENTS AND METHODS: During the period between January 2002 and December 2010, seven patients, five men and two women, average age 75 years, with early rectal cancer recurrence were selected for this type of surgical palliative procedure. The selection of the patients is made by: transrectal ultrasonography, colonoscopy and abdominal ultrasonografy, to rule out liver metastases, CT with and without enema, PET CT. Follow-up is approximately 12-30 months. RESULTS: The pathologic staging confirms the complete excision of recurrences. Then patients are referred for more complementary therapies. DISCUSSION: The significance of conservative treatment for local recurrence of rectum adenocarcinoma is still controversial because the recurrence is an expression of tumor spread not controlled by oncological surgical and radio/chemo therapy CONCLUSION: In selected subjects such as the elderly, based on equal oncological treatment, the reduction of surgical trauma, preservation of anatomical integrity and resolution of symptoms are important results.

TEM in the treatment of recurrent rectal cancer in elderly.

INTRODUCTION: Transanal microscopic surgery is an important application of minimally invasive surgery of rectum, allowing realization of complex transanal intervention. PATIENTS AND METHODS: During the period between January 2002 and December 2010, seven patients, five men and two women, average age 75 years, with early rectal cancer recurrence were selected for this type of surgical palliative procedure. The selection of the patients is made by: transrectal ultrasonografy, colonoscopy and abdominal ultrasonografy, to rule out liver metastases, CT with and without enema, PET CT. Follow-up is approximately 12-30 months. RESULTS: The pathologic staging confirms the complete excision of recurrences. Then patients are referred for more complementary therapies. DISCUSSION: The significance of conservative treatment for local recurrence of rectum adenocarcinoma is still controversial because the recurrence is an expression of tumor spread not controlled by oncological surgical and radio/chemo therapy. CONCLUSION: In selected subjects such as the elderly, based on equal oncological treatment, the reduction of surgical trauma, preservation of anatomical integrity and resolution of symptoms are important results.

Is 1 mm thickness sec. Breslow the correct cut-off for sentinel node biopsy in melanoma? Report of six cases of metastasis by thin melanoma.

AIM: To reassess selection criteria for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy (SLNB) in patients with thin melanoma (Breslow ≤ 1 mm). MATERIAL OF STUDY: Between January 2004 and November 2010 we observed 6 patients with lymph node metastasis from early melanoma (Breslow ranging from 0.3 mm to 0.9 mm, not ulcerated tumor, mitosis/ mmq < 1). Nobody had received a prior study of sentinel lymph node so all patients underwent enlarged lymphadenectomy of concerned lymphatic stations and cancer re-staging. RESULTS: The pathological examination of lymph nodes has always confirmed metastatic melanoma. The average followup is currently 51,5 months: 3 of 6 patients presented recurrence that in one case led to death. DISCUSSION: In the event of a thickness < 1 mm the probability of finding a positive sentinel lymph node is about 7%. Recent data have demonstrated a significant survival advantage to early therapeutic lymphadenectomy in melanoma. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience, supported by the cases described and the literature, leads to propose the technique of SLNB to all patients with melanoma thicker than 0.5 mm, given the low morbidity and the important prognostic role of the procedure, in addition to the possibility of reducing the incidence of lymph node metastases.

Early rectal cancer: local excision by Trans-anal Endoscopic Microsurgery (T.E.M.).

INTRODUCTION: The microscopic trans-anal surgery is an important application of the mininvasive surgery of the rectum. The evaluation of the linfonodular involvement represents a limit to the conservative procedure. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 2004 to December 2010, 14 patients have been chosen and undergone surgery with mininvasive treatment for primary rectum cancer (early rectal cancer). RESULTS: After a follow-up of about 36 months (8-72) we encountered only one local recurrences on a patient with a T2 lesion, also treated with mininvasive treatment. CONCLUSION: The results obtained by us using the T.E.M. have been all around very encouraging for the treatment of early rectal cancer.