Total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer - laparoscopic versus robotic approach.

INTRODUCTION: The primary goal of this study was to evaluate peroperative and early postoperative results of laparoscopic and robotic surgery for rectal cancer with total mesorectal excision (TME) and with primary anastomosis. METHODS: 404 patients were enrolled in the study, divided in two cohorts and compared retrospectively: a laparoscopic group (n=236) versus a robotic (TME + primary coloanal anastomosis) group (n=168). The evaluated cohorts were comparable in sex, age, BMI, ASA score, distal tumor margin from anal verge and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. More advanced tumor stages were observed in the robotic group (p=0.009). RESULTS: The duration of robotic resection was significantly longer compared to laparoscopic resection (p.

Fluorescent angiography in colorectal surgery, the influence of augmented reality in the operating room on the anastomotic leakage after low rectal resection.

INTRODUCTION: Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence angiography (FA) is an augmented reality (AR) technique. When used in the operating room, it allows colorectal surgeons to visualize and evaluate intestinal blood flow in real time, identify lymph nodes, ureters, or peritoneal metastases. Evaluation of perfusion with FA in augmented reality mode has an impact on reducing the ALR (anastomotic leakage rate) in rectal resections. METHODS: Data analysis of patients after minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for middle and lower rectal adenocarcinoma with total mesorectal excision (TME) using fluorescent angiography (FA) with indocyanine green (ICG) (100 patients, 20152019) were subsequently compared with a historical control group (100 patients) operated on for the same diagnosis before the introduction of the FA-ICG method (20122015) using minimally invasive approach (MIS). The patients were operated on consequently at one workplace. RESULTS: In fifteen patients (15%), the resection line was shifted due to insufficient perfusion detected by FA-ICG. The incidence of AL was lower in the group with FA compared to the group without FA (9% vs. 19%, p=0.042, χ test). A retrospective analysis of the group revealed a significant risk factor (RF) for the anastomotic leak, namely diabetes (p=0.036) and, among others, a protective factor, application of the transanal drain (NoCoil) (p=0.032). CONCLUSION: The introduction of new procedures and the use of new technologies, such as the use of the FA method in the AR mode in resections of the rectum with TME for cancer can lead to a reduction in the incidence of anastomotic leakage.

Risk factors of low anterior resection syndrome after miniinvasive restorative rectal resection.

INTRODUCTION: Over the last decades outcomes for rectal cancer surgery have improved with increasing survival and lower recurrence rates. Nevertheless, functional disorders are still frequent. Low anterior resection with total mesorectal excision (TME) in patients with rectal cancer has improved oncological outcomes. However, most of them will have significant changes in quality of life, including varying degree of bowel dysfunction. Aim of this study was to analyse prevalence of LARS (low anterior resection syndrome) in patients with rectal cancer after miniinvasive restorative resection and to define its risk factors. METHODS: Between March 2016 and June 2018, patients who underwent elective miniinvasive (laparoscopic or robotic) rectal resection were enrolled. Bowel dysfunction was evaluated by LARS questionnaire and filled out 6, 12, and 24 months after primary operation or after ileostomy closure. 98 patients completed the questionnaires - 58 laparoscopic operations, 34 robotic and 6 open procedures. 69 patients underwent TME, tumor-specific mesorectal excision 21 patients. 8 patients underwent transanal TME. The clinical characteristics, surgical perioperative and postoperative outcomes did not differ between these groups. Only, significantly more patients underwent neoadjuvant radiotherapy in the robotic group (p=0.004). RESULTS: 59.8% patients reported major LARS 6 months after surgery and 29.7% after 24 months. Protentional risk factors are age (p.

Negative pressure therapy with the ULTRAVAC instillation in the therapy of infected laparotomies with fascitis temporary results of a prospective randomized study.

INTRODUCTION: Negative pressure wound therapy is a healing modality utilizing continuous or intermittently applied vacuum to the wound bed. Nowadays is available a vacuum system supported by an automated instillation with volumetric control. It`s main therapeutic benefit is the dilution of the exudate, which reduces the viscosity and secures the «delicate¼ necrectomy. METHOD: Presentation of the temporary results of a prospective randomized study comparing the effectiveness of both therapeutic techniques. Entirely 41 patients were enrolled in the study from November 2016 to September 2018. The primary goal of the project is to compare the length of therapy, the number of surgical debridements and evaluation the financial costs. Secondary targets are observed changes in biological load and bacterial spectrum. RESULTS: The duration of the therapy was 2 days shorter in the experimental group compared to the control sample. However, the average number of applications was higher. Defects with the instillation system were characterized by a shorter cleaning phase (p=0.057). The secondary suture was reached in the experimental group at 84.2% and in the control group at 72.7%. The differences in these parameters were not statistically significant. Fascial disruption was observed in the trial group in 2 patients. The financial costs of the material used was significantly higher in patients with irrigation system (p.

[Fluorescence angiography in the detection of anastomotic perfusion during rectal and sigmoid resection - preliminary report]. / Fluorescencní angiografie v detekci kvality perfuze anastomózy u resekce sigmoidea a rekta - zhodnocení prubezných výsledku.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to evaluate the results of fluorescence angiography for assessing anastomotic perfusion after resection of the sigmoid colon and rectum since its introduction into clinical practice at the authors´ workplace and to evaluate the incidence of necessary resection line repositioning based on the quality of perfusion, and also to record any complications in anastomotic healing. METHOD: Retrospective unicentric analysis of prospectively collected data from patients with resection of the sigmoid colon and rectum with primary anastomosis. The patient set included 50 patients, 27 males and 23 females; the median age was 64.5 years (33-80). Forty-four patients were indicated for resection for cancer of the sigmoid colon or rectum, while 6 patients had a benign disease. Twenty-nine patients underwent total mesorectal excision with coloanal mechanical or hand-sewn anastomosis and 21 underwent resection of the sigmoid colon or upper rectum with mechanical anastomosis. Prior to the construction of the anastomosis, assessment of perfusion of the anastomotic segments by near infrared (NIR) indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence angiography was performed in all patients. The quality of perfusion of the mesocolon and bowel wall and its impact on moving the resection line and complications of anastomotic healing 30 days postoperatively were all evaluated. RESULTS: Assessment of perfusion using fluorescence angiography was technically successfully performed in all 50 patients. In 5 cases (10%) the resection line had to be moved for signs of poor perfusion of the bowel wall. Postoperatively, healing of the anastomosis was complicated in four patients (8%). Dehiscence was recorded in 3 patients (10.3%) with total mesorectal excision and in 1 patient (4.8%) after resection of the sigmoid colon and upper rectum. CONCLUSION: The presented results indicate that fluorescence angiography may lead to a decrease in the incidence of anastomotic dehiscence after colorectal resections by mapping in detail the perfusion of the anastomosed segments.Key words: fluorescence angiography - indocyanine green - anastomotic leak - colorectal resection.